Want kids to learn well? Feed them well | Sam Kass

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I am a chef

Po zanimanju sam šef kuhinje

and a food policy guy,

i kreator pravila prehrane,

but I come from a whole family of teachers.

no dolazim iz obitelji nastavnika.

Moja sestra je nastavnik za djecu s poteškoćama u Chicagu.

My sister is a special ed teacher in Chicago.

My father just retired after 25 years teaching fifth grade.

Moj otac je upravo otišao u mirovinu nakon 25 godina rada u osnovnoj školi.

Moji teta i tetak su bili profesori.

My aunt and uncle were professors.

My cousins all teach.

Svi moji rođaci nešto podučavaju.

U biti, svatko u mojoj obitelji podučava, osim mene.

Everybody in my family, basically, teaches except for me.

They taught me that the only way to get the right answers

Naučili su me da jedini način kako bih dobio prave odgovore,

is to ask the right questions.

je postavljati prava pitanja.

Pa koja su prava pitanja

So what are the right questions

when it comes to improving the educational outcomes for our children?

kada je riječ o poboljšanju rezultata u obrazovanju kod naše djece?

There's obviously many important questions,

Očito, postoje brojna važna pitanja,

but I think the following is a good place to start:

no, mislim da je dobro započeti od sljedećeg:

Što mislimo koja je veza

What do we think the connection is

između mentalnog razvoja djeteta

between a child's growing mind

and their growing body?

i njegovog fizičkog razvoja?

What can we expect our kids to learn

Što možemo očekivati od naše djece da nauče,

if their diets are full of sugar and empty of nutrients?

ako im je prehrana puna šećera i bez hranjive vrijednosti?

What can they possibly learn

Što uopće oni mogu naučiti

if their bodies are literally going hungry?

ako njihova tijela doslovno gladuju?

I uz sve resurse koje ulažemo u škole,

And with all the resources that we are pouring into schools,

we should stop and ask ourselves:

trebali bismo zastati i upitati se:

Pripremamo li zaista našu djecu za uspjeh?

Are we really setting our kids up for success?

Prije nekoliko godina

Now, a few years ago,

I was a judge on a cooking competition called "Chopped."

bio sam u žiriju kulinarskog natjecanja 'Chopped'.

Four chefs compete with mystery ingredients

Četiri kuhara natječu se u kuhanju nepoznatim namirnicama

to see who can cook the best dishes.

kako bi se vidjelo tko može pripremiti najbolja jela.

Izuzetak je ova, posebna epizoda.

Except for this episode -- it was a very special one.

Instead of four overzealous chefs trying to break into the limelight --

Umjesto četiri strastvena kuhara, koji se bore za središte pozornosti,

something that I would know nothing about --

nešto o čemu ne bih ništa znao --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

ovi su bili kuhari u školama;

these chefs were school chefs;

you know, the women that you used to call "lunch ladies,"

znate, žene koje ste obično zvali 'tete koje dijele užinu',

but the ones I insist we call "school chefs."

no, ja inzistiram da ih zovemo školskim kuharicama.

Now, these women -- God bless these women --

Te žene, neka ih bog blagoslovi...

spend their day cooking for thousands of kids,

provode svoj dan kuhajući za tisuće djece,

breakfast and lunch, with only $2.68 per lunch,

doručak i ručak, sa samo $2.68 (oko 18 kn) po ručku,

od čega otprilike samo $1 (oko 7 kn) ide na samu hranu.

with only about a dollar of that actually going to the food.

In this episode,

U toj epizodi,

nepoznata namirnica za pripremu glavnog jela bila je kvinoja.

the main-course mystery ingredient was quinoa.

Now, I know it's been a long time

Znam da je prošlo mnogo vremena,

od kada je većina vas ručala u školi,

since most of you have had a school lunch,

and we've made a lot of progress on nutrition,

a mi smo mnogo napredovali po pitanju hranjivosti obroka,

but quinoa still is not a staple in most school cafeterias.

no, kvinoja još uvijek nije uključena u prehranu u većini školskih kantina.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So this was a challenge.

I to je bio izazov.

But the dish that I will never forget was cooked by a woman

No, jelo koje nikada neću zaboraviti je skuhala jedna žena,

named Cheryl Barbara.

koja se zove Cheryl Barbara.

Cheryl was the nutrition director

Cheryl je bila voditelj prehrane

at High School in the Community in Connecticut.

u srednjoj školi zajednice u državi Connecticut.

Pripremila je izvrsno jelo od tjestenine.

She cooked this delicious pasta.

It was amazing.

Bilo je izvanredno.

It was a pappardelle with Italian sausage,

Bile su to pappardelle s talijanskom kobasicom,

keljom i parmezanom.

kale, Parmesan cheese.

It was delicious, like, restaurant-quality good, except --

Bilo je vrlo ukusno, na nivou kvalitete za restorane, osim...

she basically just threw the quinoa, pretty much uncooked,

što je ubacila kvinoju, gotovo nekuhanu,

into the dish.

u jelo.

It was a strange choice,

Bio je to neobičan izbor,

and it was super crunchy.

i bilo je super hrskavo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So I took on the TV accusatory judge thing that you're supposed to do,

I tako sam preuzeo riječ u žiriju, što se od tebe očekuje

and I asked her why she did that.

i pitao je zašto je to učinila.

Cheryl responded, "Well, first, I don't know what quinoa is."

Cheryl je odgovorila: 'Pa, prvo, ne znam što je kvinoja.'

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

"But I do know that it's a Monday,

'Ali znam da je ponedjeljak,

and that in my school, at High School in the Community,

a tada u mojoj školi, u srednoj školi u mojoj zajednici,

I always cook pasta."

uvijek pripremam jelo od tjestenine.

Vidite, Cheryl je objasnila da za mnoge od njezine djece,

See, Cheryl explained that for many of her kids,

there were no meals on the weekends.

nije bilo obroka vikendom.

No meals on Saturday.

NIje bilo obroka subotom.

No meals on Sunday, either.

NIje bilo obroka ni nedjeljom.

Zato je pripremila tjesteninu, jer je htjela biti sigurna

So she cooked pasta because she wanted to make sure

she cooked something she knew her children would eat.

kako je skuhala nešto, za što je znala da će njezina djeca jesti.

Something that would stick to their ribs, she said.

Nešto od čega će biti siti, rekla je.

Something that would fill them up.

Nešto što će im napuniti želudac.

Cheryl talked about how, by the time Monday came,

Cheryl je pričala, kada bi došao ponedjeljak,

her kids' hunger pangs were so intense

djeca bi imala toliko jaku bol od gladi,

that they couldn't even begin to think about learning.

da ne bi čak ni mogli početi razmišljati o učenju.

Food was the only thing on their mind.

Jedino o čemu su mislili, bila je hrana.

The only thing.

Jedina stvar.

And unfortunately, the stats -- they tell the same story.

I nažalost, statistika pokazuje isto.

Dakle, stavimo ovo u kontekst djeteta.

So, let's put this into the context of a child.

And we're going to focus on

I usredotočit ćemo se

the most important meal of the day, breakfast.

na najvažniji obrok u danu, doručak.

Meet Allison.

Upoznajte Allison.

She's 12 years old,

Ima 12 godina,

strašno je pametna

she's smart as a whip

and she wants to be a physicist when she grows up.

i želi postati fizičarka kada odraste.

If Allison goes to a school that serves a nutritious breakfast

Ako Allison pohađa školu koja poslužuje hranjivi doručak

to all of their kids,

svim svojim učenicima,

here's what's going to follow.

dogodit će se sljedeće.

Her chances of getting a nutritious meal,

Njezine šanse, dobijanjem hranjivog obroka,

one with fruit and milk, one lower in sugar and salt,

jedan koji uključuje voće i mlijeko te jedan s manje šećera i soli,

dramatically increase.

dramatično rastu.

Allison will have a lower rate of obesity than the average kid.

Allison će imati nižu stopu pretilosti nego prosječno dijete.

She'll have to visit the nurse less.

Rjeđe će morati ići liječniku,

imat će niže razine tjeskobe i depresije,

She'll have lower levels of anxiety and depression.

She'll have better behavior.

bolje će se ponašati,

She'll have better attendance, and she'll show up on time more often.

više će pohađati nastavu i češće će dolaziti na vrijeme.

Zašto?

Why?

Well, because there's a good meal waiting for her at school.

Zato što je u školi čeka ukusan obrok.

Iznad svega, Allison je mnogo zdravija

Overall, Allison is in much better health

than the average school kid.

nego prosječan školarac.

So what about that kid

A što onda s djetetom,

who doesn't have a nutritious breakfast waiting for him?

koje nema hranjiv doručak koji će ga dočekati?

Well, meet Tommy.

Pa, pogledajte Tommyja.

He's also 12. He's a wonderful kid.

I on ima 12 godina. Predivno je dijete.

He wants to be a doctor.

Želi postati liječnik.

By the time Tommy is in kindergarten,

Do trenutka kada je Tommy u vrtiću,

he's already underperforming in math.

već ima nešto slabije rezultate iz matematike.

Do trenutka kada je u trećem razredu,

By the time he's in third grade,

he's got lower math and reading scores.

ima slabije ocjene iz matematike i čitanja.

Do vremena kada navrši 11 godina,

By the time he's 11,

it's more likely that Tommy will have to have repeated a grade.

veća je vjerojatnost da će Tommy morati ponavljati razred.

Istraživanja pokazuju da djeca koja nemaju redovitu prehranu,

Research shows that kids who do not have consistent nourishment,

particularly at breakfast,

naročito doručak,

have poor cognitive function overall.

imaju, iznad svega, slabe kognitivne funkcije.

So how widespread is this problem?

Koliko je, stoga, raširen ovaj problem?

Well, unfortunately, it's pervasive.

Nažalost, on prožima sve.

Let me give you two stats

Dat ću vam dva podatka,

that seem like they're on opposite ends of the issue,

za koje se čini da su na suprotnim krajevima ovog problema,

but are actually two sides of the same coin.

ali su, zapravo, dvije strane istog novčića.

S jedne strane,

On the one hand,

jedan od šest Amerikanaca pati od nedostatka hrane,

one in six Americans are food insecure,

including 16 million children -- almost 20 percent --

uključujući 16 milijuna djece, što je gotovo 20% ljudi

are food insecure.

koji nemaju dovoljno hrane.

In this city alone, in New York City,

Samo u ovom gradu, u New York-u,

474.000 djece ispod dobi od 18 godina suočava se s glađu svake godine.

474,000 kids under the age of 18 face hunger every year.

It's crazy.

To je suludo.

On the other hand,

S druge strane,

diet and nutrition is the number one cause of preventable death and disease

prehrana je glavni uzročnik moguće smrti i bolesti

in this country, by far.

u ovoj zemlji, dosad.

And fully a third of the kids that we've been talking about tonight

I gotovo trećina djece o kojoj smo govorili večeras,

are on track to have diabetes in their lifetime.

na putu je da oboli od dijabetesa tijekom svog života.

Now, what's hard to put together but is true

Ono što je teško shvatiti, ali je istina,

is that, many times, these are the same children.

je da su često to ista djeca.

So they fill up on the unhealthy and cheap calories

Dakle, zasite se unosom nezdravih i praznih kalorija,

that surround them in their communities and that their families can afford.

kojima su okruženi u svojoj zajednici i koje im roditelji jedino mogu priuštiti.

But then by the end of the month,

No tada, do kraja mjeseca,

food stamps run out or hours get cut at work,

potroše se bonovi za hranu, ili se skrati broj radnih sati na poslu

and they don't have the money to cover the basic cost of food.

i oni ostaju bez novca za pokrivanje osnovnih troškova za hranu.

No, trebali bismo moći ovo riješiti, zar ne?

But we should be able to solve this problem, right?

We know what the answers are.

Znamo odgovore.

As part of my work at the White House, we instituted a program

Dok sam radio u Bijeloj kući, osnovali smo program

gdje smo za sve škole, koje su imale 40% više djece iz obitelji s niskim prihodima,

that for all schools that had 40 percent more low-income kids,

we could serve breakfast and lunch to every kid in that school.

mogli poslužiti doručak i ručak svakom djetetu u toj školi.

For free.

Besplatno.

This program has been incredibly successful,

Program je bio nevjerojatno uspješan,

because it helped us overcome a very difficult barrier

jer nam je pomogao svladati jednu vrlo tešku prepreku,

when it came to getting kids a nutritious breakfast.

kada se radilo o davanju hranjivog doručka toj djeci.

And that was the barrier of stigma.

A ta prepreka je bila stigma.

See, schools serve breakfast before school,

Vidite, škole poslužuju doručak prije nastave,

and it was only available for the poor kids.

i on je bio dostupan samo siromašnoj djeci.

So everybody knew who was poor and who needed government help.

Tako su svi znali tko je siromašan i tko je trebao državnu pomoć.

Now, all kids, no matter how much or how little their parents make,

A sva djeca, bez obzira koliko njihovi roditelji zarađuju,

have a lot of pride.

imaju velik ponos.

I što se dogodilo?

So what happened?

Well, the schools that have implemented this program

Škole koje su primijenile ovaj program,

saw an increase in math and reading scores by 17.5 percent.

uočile su porast ocjena u matematici i čitanju za 17,5%.

17.5 percent.

17,5%.

And research shows that when kids have a consistent, nutritious breakfast,

A istraživanje pokazuje, da kada djeca imaju redovit i hranjiv doručak,

their chances of graduating increase by 20 percent.

njihove šanse za završetak školovanja rastu za 20%.

20 percent.

20%.

Kada djeci damo potrebnu ishranu,

When we give our kids the nourishment they need,

we give them the chance to thrive,

dajemo im šansu da napreduju,

both in the classroom and beyond.

u učionici, ali i dalje.

Now, you don't have to trust me on this,

Ne morate mi vjerovati u vezi ovoga,

but you should talk to Donna Martin.

ali biste trebali pričati s Donnom Martin.

I love Donna Martin.

Jako volim Donnu Martin.

Donna Martin je direktorica školske prehrane u okrugu Burke,

Donna Martin is the school nutrition director at Burke County

in Waynesboro, Georgia.

u Waynesboro-u, državi Georgia.

Okrug Burke jedno je od najsiromašnijih područja

Burke County is one of the poorest districts

in the fifth-poorest state in the country,

pete najsiromašnije države u zemlji

and about 100 percent of Donna's students live at or below the poverty line.

i oko 100% Donninih učenika živi u, ili ispod granice siromaštva.

A few years ago,

Prije nekoliko godina,

Donna decided to get out ahead of the new standards that were coming,

Donna je odlučila istaknuti se kroz nove standarde koji su dolazili

and overhaul her nutrition standards.

te popraviti prehrambene standarde u školi.

She improved and added fruit and vegetables and whole grains.

Poboljšala ih je i dodala voće, povrće i cjelovite žitarice.

She served breakfast in the classroom to all of her kids.

Posluživala je doručak u učionicama svim svojim učenicima.

And she implemented a dinner program.

A provela je i program davanja večere.

Why?

Zašto? Pa...

Well, many of her kids didn't have dinner when they went home.

mnogo njezinih učenika nije imalo večeru kada bi došli kući.

So how did they respond?

I kako su oni reagirali?

Well, the kids loved the food.

Djeca su hranu obožavala.

They loved the better nutrition,

Jako im se svidjela bolja prehrana,

and they loved not being hungry.

i to što nisu bili gladni.

But Donna's biggest supporter came from an unexpected place.

No, najveća podrška Donni došla je s neočekivane strane.

Zvao se Eric Parker

His name from Eric Parker,

i bio je glavni nogometni trener za klub Bears okruga Burke.

and he was the head football coach for the Burke County Bears.

Now, Coach Parker had coached mediocre teams for years.

Trener Parker godinama je trenirao osrednje timove,

The Bears often ended in the middle of the pack --

Bears-i su često završavali sa slabim rezultatom,

a big disappointment in one of the most passionate football states

veliko razočaranje za državu koja je među najvećim ljubiteljima nogometa

in the Union.

u cijeloj zemlji.

But the year Donna changed the menus,

No, one godine kada je Donna izmijenila jelovnik,

Bears-i ne samo da su pobijedili u svojoj skupini,

the Bears not only won their division,

they went on to win the state championship,

već su krenuli u osvajanje državnog prvenstva,

pobjedivši klub Trojans okruga Peach

beating the Peach County Trojans

28-14.

28:14.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And Coach Parker,

A trener Parker,

he credited that championship to Donna Martin.

zaslugu za osvajanje prvenstva pripisao je Donni Martin.

When we give our kids the basic nourishment,

Kada djeci osiguramo osnovnu prehranu,

oni će napredovati.

they're going to thrive.

And it's not just up to the Cheryl Barbaras

I to nije samo zbog svih osoba poput Cheryl Barbara,

and the Donna Martins of the world.

niti svih Donna Martin na ovom svijetu.

To je zbog svih nas.

It's on all of us.

And feeding our kids the basic nutrition is just the starting point.

I osigurati djeci osnovnu prehranu samo je početak točka.

What I've laid out is really a model

Ono što sam postavio zapravo je model

for so many of the most pressing issues that we face.

za mnoga od najvažnijih pitanja s kojima se suočavamo.

If we focus on the simple goal of properly nourishing ourselves,

Ako se posvetimo jednostavnom cilju pravilne ishrane nas samih,

we could see a world that is more stable and secure;

mogli bismo vidjeti stabilniji i sigurniji svijet,

we could dramatically improve our economic productivity;

mogli bismo značajno poboljšati našu ekonomsku produktivnost,

mogli bismo promijeniti našu zdravstvenu skrb

we could transform our health care

and we could go a long way

i mogli bismo uspjeti

in ensuring that the Earth can provide for generations to come.

osigurati da naš planet može opskrbljivati buduće generacije.

Food is that place where our collective efforts

Hrana je ono, gdje naši zajednički napori

can have the greatest impact.

mogu imati najviše utjecaja.

So we have to ask ourselves: What is the right question?

Stoga se moramo upitati: Koje je pravo pitanje?

What would happen

Što bi se dogodilo

if we fed ourselves more nutritious, more sustainably grown food?

da smo se hranili zdravije, hranom iz održivog uzgoja?

What would be the impact?

Kako bi to utjecalo na nas?

Cheryl Barbara,

Cheryl Barbara,

Donna Martin,

Donna Martin,

Coach Parker and the Burke County Bears --

trener Parker i Bearsi iz okruga Burke

I think they know the answer.

mislim da znaju odgovor.

Thank you guys so very much.

Veliko vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)