Want kids to learn well? Feed them well | Sam Kass

159,024 views ใƒป 2017-01-30

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Liblib Fib
00:12
I am a chef
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ืื ื™ ืฉืฃ
00:14
and a food policy guy,
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ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ,
00:16
but I come from a whole family of teachers.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื.
ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืงืื’ื•.
00:20
My sister is a special ed teacher in Chicago.
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00:23
My father just retired after 25 years teaching fifth grade.
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ืื‘ื™ ืคืจืฉ ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืžืฉืš 25 ืฉื ื”
ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื.
00:28
My aunt and uncle were professors.
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00:30
My cousins all teach.
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ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื.
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื”, ืžืœื‘ื“ื™.
00:32
Everybody in my family, basically, teaches except for me.
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00:36
They taught me that the only way to get the right answers
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ื”ื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช
00:41
is to ask the right questions.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
ืื– ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช
00:45
So what are the right questions
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00:46
when it comes to improving the educational outcomes for our children?
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
00:52
There's obviously many important questions,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
00:55
but I think the following is a good place to start:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•:
ืžื”ื• ืœื“ืขืชื ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ
00:59
What do we think the connection is
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื• ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“
01:01
between a child's growing mind
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01:04
and their growing body?
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ื”ืžืชืคืชื—?
01:06
What can we expect our kids to learn
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ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
01:09
if their diets are full of sugar and empty of nutrients?
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ืื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื?
01:14
What can they possibly learn
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ืžื” ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
01:16
if their bodies are literally going hungry?
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ืื ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืจืขื‘ื™ื?
ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ
01:22
And with all the resources that we are pouring into schools,
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01:25
we should stop and ask ourselves:
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•:
ื”ืื ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”?
01:28
Are we really setting our kids up for success?
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
01:32
Now, a few years ago,
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01:33
I was a judge on a cooking competition called "Chopped."
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ืฉืคื˜ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื "ืฆ'ื•ืคื“"(ืงืฆื•ืฅ).
01:38
Four chefs compete with mystery ingredients
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืคื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืขื ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื™ื
01:41
to see who can cook the best dishes.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื”- ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
01:45
Except for this episode -- it was a very special one.
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01:49
Instead of four overzealous chefs trying to break into the limelight --
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืคื™ื ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื -
01:52
something that I would know nothing about --
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• -
01:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ืงื”ืœ)
ื”ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ;
01:56
these chefs were school chefs;
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01:58
you know, the women that you used to call "lunch ladies,"
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืŸ "ื ืฉื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื",
02:01
but the ones I insist we call "school chefs."
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืืœื• ืื ื™ ืžืชืขืงืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื "ืฉืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ."
02:05
Now, these women -- God bless these women --
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ื›ืขืช, ื ืฉื™ื ืืœื•- ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชืŸ -
02:08
spend their day cooking for thousands of kids,
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ืžื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืœืืœืคื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
02:12
breakfast and lunch, with only $2.68 per lunch,
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ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ 2.68 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื,
ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืง ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื•ื›ืœ.
02:16
with only about a dollar of that actually going to the food.
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02:20
In this episode,
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื”,
ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื ื•ืื”.
02:22
the main-course mystery ingredient was quinoa.
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02:25
Now, I know it's been a long time
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
ืžืื– ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ืŸ ืื›ืœ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ,
02:27
since most of you have had a school lunch,
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02:29
and we've made a lot of progress on nutrition,
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ื•ืžืื– ื”ืชืงื“ืžื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”,
02:31
but quinoa still is not a staple in most school cafeterias.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื•ืื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:35
(Laughter)
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02:36
So this was a challenge.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืชื’ืจ.
02:38
But the dish that I will never forget was cooked by a woman
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืืฉื›ื— ื‘ื•ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืฉื”
02:42
named Cheryl Barbara.
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ื‘ืฉื ืฉืจื™ืœ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื”.
02:43
Cheryl was the nutrition director
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ืฉืจื™ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืชื–ื•ื ื”
02:45
at High School in the Community in Connecticut.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜.
ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื” ืืช ื”ืคืกื˜ื” ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:48
She cooked this delicious pasta.
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02:50
It was amazing.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
02:51
It was a pappardelle with Italian sausage,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืคืืจื“ืœื” ืขื ื ืงื ื™ืง ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™,
ืงื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืคืจืžื–ืŸ.
02:54
kale, Parmesan cheese.
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02:55
It was delicious, like, restaurant-quality good, except --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”, ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืขื“ื”, ืืœื--
02:59
she basically just threw the quinoa, pretty much uncooked,
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ืจืงื” ืืช ื”ืงื™ื ื•ืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช,
03:02
into the dish.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื ื”.
03:04
It was a strange choice,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ื–ืจื”,
03:06
and it was super crunchy.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
03:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:11
So I took on the TV accusatory judge thing that you're supposed to do,
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ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื’ืœื,
03:16
and I asked her why she did that.
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช.
03:18
Cheryl responded, "Well, first, I don't know what quinoa is."
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ืฉืจื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื–ื” ืงื™ื ื•ืื”"
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:22
(Laughter)
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03:23
"But I do know that it's a Monday,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™,
03:27
and that in my school, at High School in the Community,
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ื•ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™
03:30
I always cook pasta."
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื‘ืฉืœืช ืคืกื˜ื”".
ืชื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉืจื™ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
03:33
See, Cheryl explained that for many of her kids,
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03:36
there were no meals on the weekends.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
03:40
No meals on Saturday.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช.
03:44
No meals on Sunday, either.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ืื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื” ืคืกื˜ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื
03:47
So she cooked pasta because she wanted to make sure
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03:50
she cooked something she knew her children would eat.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืื›ืœื•.
03:56
Something that would stick to their ribs, she said.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืง ืœื”ื ืœืฆืœืขื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”.
04:00
Something that would fill them up.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืžืœื ืื•ืชื.
04:04
Cheryl talked about how, by the time Monday came,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข,
04:09
her kids' hunger pangs were so intense
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ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืขื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื–ื™ื
04:12
that they couldn't even begin to think about learning.
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ืฉื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
04:16
Food was the only thing on their mind.
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืจืืฉ.
04:22
The only thing.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“.
04:24
And unfortunately, the stats -- they tell the same story.
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ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“.
04:28
So, let's put this into the context of a child.
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04:32
And we're going to focus on
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ
04:33
the most important meal of the day, breakfast.
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ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
04:36
Meet Allison.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ.
04:37
She's 12 years old,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 12,
ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ื” ื›ืชืขืจ
04:39
she's smart as a whip
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04:40
and she wants to be a physicist when she grows up.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช ืœื›ืฉืชื’ื“ืœ.
04:43
If Allison goes to a school that serves a nutritious breakfast
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ืื ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ ืชืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื–ื™ื ื”
04:47
to all of their kids,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
04:48
here's what's going to follow.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช.
04:50
Her chances of getting a nutritious meal,
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื” ืžื–ื™ื ื”,
04:54
one with fruit and milk, one lower in sugar and salt,
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ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื‘, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืขืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืœื—,
04:57
dramatically increase.
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ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
04:59
Allison will have a lower rate of obesity than the average kid.
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ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืžื ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
05:03
She'll have to visit the nurse less.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ื•ืช.
ื”ื™ื ืชืกื‘ื•ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
05:05
She'll have lower levels of anxiety and depression.
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05:08
She'll have better behavior.
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:09
She'll have better attendance, and she'll show up on time more often.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืื—ื•ื– ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื’ื™ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืžื“ื•ืข?
05:13
Why?
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05:14
Well, because there's a good meal waiting for her at school.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœื” ืืจื•ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื”.
ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:18
Overall, Allison is in much better health
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05:21
than the average school kid.
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ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
05:23
So what about that kid
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื”
05:25
who doesn't have a nutritious breakfast waiting for him?
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ืฉืœื ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื• ืืจื•ื—ื” ืžื–ื™ื ื”?
05:28
Well, meet Tommy.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื˜ื•ืžื™.
05:30
He's also 12. He's a wonderful kid.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืŸ 12, ื”ื•ื ื™ืœื“ ื ืคืœื.
05:32
He wants to be a doctor.
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคื.
05:34
By the time Tommy is in kindergarten,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ืŸ,
05:36
he's already underperforming in math.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืคืงื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื’'
05:40
By the time he's in third grade,
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05:42
he's got lower math and reading scores.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืจื™ืื”.
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ 11,
05:46
By the time he's 11,
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05:47
it's more likely that Tommy will have to have repeated a grade.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื˜ื•ืžื™ ื™ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ื™ืชื”.
ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช,
05:53
Research shows that kids who do not have consistent nourishment,
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05:56
particularly at breakfast,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
05:57
have poor cognitive function overall.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื•ืช.
06:02
So how widespread is this problem?
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ืื– ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•?
06:05
Well, unfortunately, it's pervasive.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช.
06:09
Let me give you two stats
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ืืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
06:10
that seem like they're on opposite ends of the issue,
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ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชืจืก,
06:13
but are actually two sides of the same coin.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข.
ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
06:16
On the one hand,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืฉื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™
06:18
one in six Americans are food insecure,
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06:21
including 16 million children -- almost 20 percent --
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ื›ื•ืœืœ 16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื -- ื›ืžืขื˜ 20% --
06:25
are food insecure.
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ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™
06:26
In this city alone, in New York City,
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
474,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18 ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืจืขื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
06:30
474,000 kids under the age of 18 face hunger every year.
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06:36
It's crazy.
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ื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
06:38
On the other hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
06:40
diet and nutrition is the number one cause of preventable death and disease
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ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื•ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื•ืช
06:44
in this country, by far.
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง.
06:47
And fully a third of the kids that we've been talking about tonight
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื”
06:50
are on track to have diabetes in their lifetime.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœืกื›ืจืช ืฉื™ื—ืœื• ื‘ื” ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
06:54
Now, what's hard to put together but is true
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ื›ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ
06:57
is that, many times, these are the same children.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
07:00
So they fill up on the unhealthy and cheap calories
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ืื– ื”ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
07:03
that surround them in their communities and that their families can afford.
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ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืฉืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื.
07:08
But then by the end of the month,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
07:11
food stamps run out or hours get cut at work,
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ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ื–ืœื™ื ืื• ืฉืžืงืฆืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
07:15
and they don't have the money to cover the basic cost of food.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื›ืŸ?
07:20
But we should be able to solve this problem, right?
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07:23
We know what the answers are.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
07:25
As part of my work at the White House, we instituted a program
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ, ื™ื–ืžื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื”,
07:30
that for all schools that had 40 percent more low-income kids,
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07:33
we could serve breakfast and lunch to every kid in that school.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”
07:38
For free.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
07:40
This program has been incredibly successful,
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืžืื•ื“,
07:42
because it helped us overcome a very difficult barrier
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”
07:46
when it came to getting kids a nutritious breakfast.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื–ื™ื ื”.
07:49
And that was the barrier of stigma.
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ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื”.
07:53
See, schools serve breakfast before school,
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
07:59
and it was only available for the poor kids.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืจืง ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื.
08:05
So everybody knew who was poor and who needed government help.
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ืื– ื›ืš ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื™ ืขื ื™ ื•ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื–ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช.
08:09
Now, all kids, no matter how much or how little their parents make,
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ื›ืขืช, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื,
08:14
have a lot of pride.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ืื•ื•ื”.
ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื”?
08:17
So what happened?
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08:18
Well, the schools that have implemented this program
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
08:21
saw an increase in math and reading scores by 17.5 percent.
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ื ืจืฉืžื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ 17.5 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžืชืžืชื™ืงื” ื•ืงืจื™ืื”.
08:26
17.5 percent.
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17.5 ืื—ื•ื–.
08:29
And research shows that when kids have a consistent, nutritious breakfast,
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื–ื™ื ื”,
08:35
their chances of graduating increase by 20 percent.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘20%.
08:40
20 percent.
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20 ืื—ื•ื–.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื” ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื,
08:43
When we give our kids the nourishment they need,
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08:46
we give them the chance to thrive,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—,
08:49
both in the classroom and beyond.
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ื’ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”.
08:52
Now, you don't have to trust me on this,
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ื›ืขืช, ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื–ื”,
08:56
but you should talk to Donna Martin.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื“ื•ื ื” ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ.
08:59
I love Donna Martin.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื“ื•ื ื” ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ.
ื“ื•ื ื” ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ื•ืจืง
09:01
Donna Martin is the school nutrition director at Burke County
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09:04
in Waynesboro, Georgia.
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ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื•, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื”.
ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ื•ืจืง ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:07
Burke County is one of the poorest districts
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09:09
in the fifth-poorest state in the country,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืชื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
09:12
and about 100 percent of Donna's students live at or below the poverty line.
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ื•ื› 100% ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืื• ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•.
09:19
A few years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
09:20
Donna decided to get out ahead of the new standards that were coming,
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ื“ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื“ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื•,
09:24
and overhaul her nutrition standards.
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ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื“ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”.
09:28
She improved and added fruit and vegetables and whole grains.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืคืจื” ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื“ื’ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื.
09:32
She served breakfast in the classroom to all of her kids.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
09:36
And she implemented a dinner program.
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ื•ื™ื™ืกื“ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘.
09:38
Why?
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ืœืžื”?
09:40
Well, many of her kids didn't have dinner when they went home.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื ื—ื™ื›ืชื” ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
09:43
So how did they respond?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•?
09:46
Well, the kids loved the food.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ.
09:49
They loved the better nutrition,
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ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:51
and they loved not being hungry.
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ื•ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื‘ื™ื.
09:54
But Donna's biggest supporter came from an unexpected place.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™.
ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืืจื™ืง ืคืจืงืจ,
09:59
His name from Eric Parker,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืืžืŸ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ืจื– (ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื) ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ื•ืจืง.
10:01
and he was the head football coach for the Burke County Bears.
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10:05
Now, Coach Parker had coached mediocre teams for years.
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ื”ืžืืžืŸ ืคืจืงืจ ืื™ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื.
10:08
The Bears often ended in the middle of the pack --
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ื”ื‘ืจื– ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
10:11
a big disappointment in one of the most passionate football states
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ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:14
in the Union.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“.
10:16
But the year Donna changed the menus,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื“ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื,
ื”ื‘ืจื– ืœื ืจืง ื ื™ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœื”ื.
10:21
the Bears not only won their division,
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10:24
they went on to win the state championship,
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ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื•ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
ื ื™ืฆื—ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฅ' ืงืื•ื ื˜ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ืก
10:27
beating the Peach County Trojans
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10:29
28-14.
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10:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:33
And Coach Parker,
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ื•ื”ืžืืžืŸ ืคืจืงืจ
10:35
he credited that championship to Donna Martin.
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ื ืชืŸ ืœื“ื•ื ื” ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ืœืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื–ื•,
10:41
When we give our kids the basic nourishment,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช,
ื”ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื•ื—.
10:44
they're going to thrive.
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10:46
And it's not just up to the Cheryl Barbaras
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจื‘ืจื”
10:49
and the Donna Martins of the world.
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ื•ื“ื•ื ื” ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•.
10:52
It's on all of us.
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10:54
And feeding our kids the basic nutrition is just the starting point.
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ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
10:59
What I've laid out is really a model
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ืฆื’ืชื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื’ื
11:01
for so many of the most pressing issues that we face.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื.
11:06
If we focus on the simple goal of properly nourishing ourselves,
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ืื ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
11:12
we could see a world that is more stable and secure;
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ:
11:16
we could dramatically improve our economic productivity;
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
11:21
we could transform our health care
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11:24
and we could go a long way
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืจื—ื•ืง
11:26
in ensuring that the Earth can provide for generations to come.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
11:29
Food is that place where our collective efforts
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
11:34
can have the greatest impact.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:37
So we have to ask ourselves: What is the right question?
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ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”?
11:40
What would happen
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”
11:42
if we fed ourselves more nutritious, more sustainably grown food?
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ืื ื ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจื•ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื?
11:48
What would be the impact?
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ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”?
11:51
Cheryl Barbara,
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ืฉืจื™ืœ ื‘ืจื‘ืจื”,
11:53
Donna Martin,
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ื“ื•ื ื” ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ,
11:55
Coach Parker and the Burke County Bears --
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ื”ืžืืžืŸ ืคืจืงืจ ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื– ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืจืง--
11:58
I think they know the answer.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
12:00
Thank you guys so very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื .
12:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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