Saul Griffith: High-altitude wind energy from kites!

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

If you're at all like me,

Ako imalo ličite na mene,

this is what you do with the sunny summer weekends in San Francisco:

ovo ćete raditi tokom sunčanih letnjih vikenda u San Francisku:

you build experimental kite-powered hydrofoils

pravićete eksperimentalne hidrokrilce koje pokreću zmajevi

capable of more than 30 knots.

i koji postižu brzinu veću od 30 čvorova.

And you realize that there is incredible power in the wind,

Shvatićete da postoji neverovatna snaga u vetru

and it can do amazing things.

i da on može da uradi sjajne stvari.

And one day, a vessel not unlike this

Jednog dana, letelica slična ovoj

will probably break the world speed record.

verovatno će oboriti svetski rekord u brzini.

But kites aren't just toys like this.

Ali zmajevi nisu samo igračke

Kites: I'm going to give you a brief history,

Ispričaću vam kratku istoriju zmajeva

and tell you about the magnificent future

i reći nešto o blistavoj budućnosti

of every child's favorite plaything.

omiljene igračke svakog deteta.

So, kites are more than a thousand years old,

Zmajevi su stari preko 1 000 godina

and the Chinese used them for military applications,

i Kinezi su ih koristili u vojne svrhe,

and even for lifting men.

čak i za podizanje ljudi.

So they knew at that stage they could carry large weights.

Dakle, tada su znali da mogu da nose velike terete.

I'm not sure why there is a hole in this particular man.

Ne znam zašto ovaj čovek u sebi ima rupu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In 1827, a fellow called George Pocock

1827., čovek zvani Džordž Pokok

actually pioneered the use of kites for towing buggies

zapravo je prvi koristio zmajeve da vuče prikolice

in races against horse carriages across the English countryside.

na trkama konjskih zaprega preko engleskih sela.

Then of course, at the dawn of aviation,

Onda naravno, na početku letenja,

all of the great inventors of the time --

svi veliki pronalazači tog vremena -

like Hargreaves, like Langley,

poput Hargrejvza, Lenglija,

even Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, who was flying this kite --

čak i Aleksandra Grejam Bela, pronalazača telefona, koji je upravljao ovim zmajem -

were doing so in the pursuit of aviation.

svi su radili ovo u potrazi za letenjem.

Then these two fellows came along,

Onda su se pojavila ova dva momka

and they were flying kites to develop the control systems

i oni su koristili zmajeve da razviju kontrolne sisteme

that would ultimately enable powered human flight.

koji bi im omogućili motorni ljudski let.

So this is of course Orville and Wilbur Wright,

Ovo su naravno Orvil i Vilbur Rajt,

and the Wright Flyer.

i njihova letelica.

And their experiments with kites led to this

Njihovi eksperimenti sa zmajevima doveli su do ovog

momentous occasion, where we powered up and took off for the

značajnog trenutka, kada smo pomoću motornog pogona

first-ever 12-second human flight.

leteli prvi put 12 sekundi.

And that was fantastic for the future of commercial aviation.

To je bilo fantastično za budućnost komercijalnog letenja.

But unfortunately, it relegated kites once again to be considered children's toys.

Ali nažalost, to je još jednom potisnulo zmajeve na mesto dečjih igračaka.

That was until the 1970s, where we had the last energy crisis.

To je bilo do 1970-ih kada smo imali poslednju energetsku krizu.

And a fabulous man called Miles Loyd

Neverovatan čovek Majls Lojd

who lives on the outskirts of San Francisco,

koji živi na periferiji San Franciska,

wrote this seminal paper that was completely ignored

napisao je ovaj prvobitni rad koji je potpuno ignorisan

in the Journal of Energy

u Dnevniku energije

about how to use basically an airplane on a piece of string

o tome kako koristiti avion na komadu užeta

to generate enormous amounts of electricity.

da bi se napravila ogromna količina struje.

The real key observation he made is that

Njegovo ključno opažanje je da

a free-flying wing can sweep through more sky and generate more power

krilo u slobodnom letu može više da preleti i stvori više energije

in a unit of time than a fixed-wing turbine.

u jedinici vremena nego fiksirana turbina.

So turbines grew. And they can now span up to three hundred feet at the hub height,

I turbine su rasle. Sada mogu imati do 90 metara u nivou osovine,

but they can't really go a lot higher,

ali zapravo ne mogu ići još u visinu,

and more height is where the more wind is, and more power --

a na većim visinama je više vetra i više energije -

as much as twice as much.

skoro duplo više.

So cut to now. We still have an energy crisis,

Danas još imamo energetsku krizu

and now we have a climate crisis as well. You know,

i sada imamo i klimatsku krizu. Znate,

so humans generate about 12 trillion watts,

ljudi naprave oko 12 triliona vati

or 12 terawatts, from fossil fuels.

ili 12 teravati iz fosilnih goriva.

And Al Gore has spoken to why we need to hit one of these targets,

Al Gor je pričao zašto treba da krenemo prema jednom od ovih ciljeva,

and in reality what that means is in the next 30 to 40 years,

a to zapravo znači da u sledećih 30 do 40 godina

we have to make 10 trillion watts or more of new clean energy somehow.

moramo nekako da napravimo najmanje 10 triliona vati čiste energije.

Wind is the second-largest renewable resource after solar:

Vetar je drugi najveći obnovljivi izvor energije posle Sunca:

3600 terawatts, more than enough to supply humanity 200 times over.

3 600 teravati, više nego što je dovoljno da 200 puta snabde čovečanstvo.

The majority of it is in the higher altitudes, above 300 feet,

Većina je na većim visinama, iznad 90 metara,

where we don't have a technology as yet to get there.

za koje još uvek nemamo tehnologiju.

So this is the dawn of the new age of kites.

Dakle ovo je početak novog doba zmajeva.

This is our test site on Maui, flying across the sky.

Ovo je naš pogon za testiranje u Mauiju, gde zmaj leti na nebu.

I'm now going to show you

Sada ću vam pokazati

the first autonomous generation of power

prvo samostalno stvaranje energije

by every child's favorite plaything.

od strane omiljene dečje igračke.

As you can tell, you need to be a robot to fly this thing for thousands of hours.

Kao što vidite, morate biti robot da biste ovim upravljali hiljadama sati.

It makes you a little nauseous.

Pomalo vam je muka.

And here we're actually generating about 10 kilowatts --

Ovde zapravo stvaramo oko 10 kilovata -

so, enough to power probably five United States households --

dovoljno da se snabde verovatno oko 5 američkih domaćinstava -

with a kite not much larger than this piano.

sa zmajem koji nije veći od ovog klavira.

And the real significant thing here

Zaista bitna stvar ovde je

is we're developing the control systems,

da poput braće Rajt, stvaramo sisteme za kontrolisanje

as did the Wright brothers, that would enable sustained, long-duration flight.

koji će omogućiti održiv, dugotrajan let.

And it doesn't hurt to do it in a location like this either.

A to nije loše raditi ni na ovakvoj lokaciji.

So this is the equivalent for a kite flier of peeing in the snow --

Za letača zmaja ovo je nešto poput uriniranja u snegu -

that's tracing your name in the sky.

to je ispisivanje svog imena na nebu.

And this is where we're actually going.

Zapravo idemo u ovom pravcu.

So we're beyond the 12-second steps.

Prevazišli smo letove od 12 sekundi.

And we're working towards megawatt-scale machines

Radimo na mašinama velikih razmera

that fly at 2000 feet and generate tons of clean electricity.

koje će leteti na 600 metara visine i praviti puno čiste energije.

So you ask, how big are those machines?

Pitate, koliko su velike te mašine?

Well, this paper plane would be maybe a -- oop!

Pa ovaj papirni avion bi možda - ups!

That would be enough to power your cell phone.

To bi bilo dosta da napaja vaš mobilni.

Your Cessna would be 230 killowatts.

Cesna bi bila 230 kilovata.

If you'd loan me your Gulfstream, I'll rip its wings off and generate you a megawatt.

Da mi pozajmite Gulfstream, otkinuo bih mu krila i napravio megavat.

If you give me a 747, I'll make six megawatts,

Da mi date Boing 747, napravio bih 6 megavata,

which is more than the largest wind turbines today.

što je više od najvećih turbina današnjeg doba.

And the Spruce Goose would be a 15-megawatt wing.

A Spruce Goose bi bilo krilo od 15 megavata.

So that is audacious, you say. I agree.

Rekli biste da je to odvažno. Složio bih se.

But audacious is what has happened many times before in history.

Ali odvažne stvari su se dešavale dosta puta u istoriji.

This is a refrigerator factory,

Ovo je fabrika frižidera,

churning out airplanes for World War II.

koja pravi avione za Drugi svetski rat.

Prior to World War II, they were making 1000 planes a year.

Pre Drugog svetskog rata, pravili su 1 000 aviona godišnje.

By 1945, they were making 100,000.

Do 1945., pravili su 100 hiljada.

With this factory and 100,000 planes a year,

Sa ovom fabrikom i 100 hiljada aviona godišnje,

we could make all of America's electricity in about 10 years.

mogli bismo napraviti svu struju Amerike za 10 godina.

So really this is a story about the audacious plans of young people

Tako da je ovo priča o odvažnim planovima mladih ljudi

with these dreams. There are many of us.

koji imaju ove snove. Puno nas je.

I am lucky enough to work with 30 of them.

Imam sreće da radim sa 30 njih.

And I think we need to support all of the dreams

I mislim da treba da podržimo sve snove

of the kids out there doing these crazy things.

klinaca koji rade ove lude stvari.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)