A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | Todd Coleman

Prevodilac: Vesna Radovic Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Please meet Jane.

Upoznajte Džejn.

She has a high-risk pregnancy.

Ona ima trudnoću visokog rizika.

Within 24 weeks,

U 24. nedelji,

she's on bed rest at the hospital,

ona je u bolničkoj postelji,

being monitored for her preterm contractions.

na posmatranju zbog prevremenih kontrakcija.

She doesn't look the happiest.

Ne izgleda baš najsrećnije.

That's in part because it requires technicians and experts

To je delom zato što je potrebno da tehničari i stručnjaci

to apply these clunky belts on her to monitor her uterine contractions.

postavljaju ove teške kaiševe na nju kako bi merili kontrakcije materice.

Another reason Jane is not so happy is because she's worried.

Drugi razlog što Džejn nije srećna je zato što brine.

In particular, she's worried about what happens

Posebno brine šta će se desiti

after her 10-day stay on bed rest at the hospital.

nakon njenog desetodnevnog boravka u bolničkoj postelji.

What happens when she's home?

Šta će se desiti kada se vrati kući?

If she were to give birth this early it would be devastating.

Kada bi se porodila ovako rano, to bi bila katastrofa.

As an African-American woman,

Kao Afroamerikanka,

she's twice as likely to have a premature birth

ona ima dva puta veće šanse za prevremeni porođaj

or to have a stillbirth.

ili da rodi mrtvorođenče.

So Jane basically has one of two options:

Džejn praktično ima jednu od dve opcije:

stay at the hospital on bed rest,

da ostane u bolničkoj postelji,

a prisoner to the technology until she gives birth,

kao zarobljenik tehnologije dok se ne porodi,

and then spend the rest of her life paying for the bill;

a da onda provede ostatak života plaćajući bolnički račun,

or head home after her 10-day stay and hope for the best.

ili da izađe kući nakon 10 dana i nada se najboljem.

Neither of these two options seems appealing.

Nijedna od ove dve opcije ne zvuči privlačno.

As I began to think about stories like this

Razmišljajući o ovakvim pričama

and hear about stories like this,

i slušajući o njima,

I began to ask myself and imagine:

počeo sam da se pitam i razmišljam

Is there an alternative?

da li postoji neka alternativa.

Is there a way we could have the benefits of high-fidelity monitoring

Da li postoji način da imamo prednosti preciznog nadgledanja koje dobijamo

that we get with our trusted partners in the hospital

kod naših pouzdanih partnera u bolnici,

while someone is at home living their daily life?

dok je pacijent kod kuće i vodi normalan život?

With that in mind,

Sa tim na umu,

I encouraged people in my research group

ohrabrio sam ljude u svom istraživačkom timu

to partner with some clever material scientists,

da se udruže sa izvesnim naučnicima u oblasti pametnih materijala,

and all of us came together and brainstormed.

i svi smo se skupili i iznosili ideje.

And after a long process,

Nakon dugog procesa,

we came up with a vision, an idea,

došli smo do jedne vizije, ideje,

of a wearable system that perhaps you could wear like a piece of jewelry

mobilnog sistema kojeg možda možete nositi poput nakita

or you could apply to yourself like a Band-Aid.

ili možete staviti kao flaster.

And after many trials and tribulations and years of endeavors,

Posle dosta testiranja, problema i godina napornog rada,

we were able to come up with this flexible electronic patch

uspeli smo da osmislimo ovu fleksibilnu elektronsku nalepnicu

that was manufactured using the same processes

koja je proizvedena korišćenjem istih procesa

that they use to build computer chips,

koji se koriste da se naprave kompjuterski čipovi,

except the electronics are transferred from a semiconductor wafer

osim što se elektronika prenosi iz poluprovodničke pločice

onto a flexible material that can interface with the human body.

na fleksibilni materijal koji se može povezati sa ljudskim telom.

These systems are about the thickness of a human hair.

Ovi sistemi su debljine ljudske dlake.

They can measure the types of information that we want,

Oni mogu izmeriti vrste informacija koje želimo,

things such as:

stvari kao što su:

bodily movement,

pokreti tela,

bodily temperature,

temperatura tela,

electrical rhythms of the body

električna ritmika tela

and so forth.

i tako dalje.

We can also engineer these systems,

Takođe možemo dizajnirati ove sisteme,

so they can integrate energy sources,

tako da mogu da integrišu izvore energije

and can have wireless transmission capabilities.

i da imaju mogućnosti bežičnog prenosa.

So as we began to build these types of systems,

Kako smo počeli da pravimo ove vrste sistema,

we began to test them on ourselves in our research group.

počeli smo da ih testiramo na sebi u istraživačkom timu.

But in addition, we began to reach out to some of our clinical partners

Uz to, počeli smo da se obraćamo nekim našim kliničkim partnerima

u San Dijegu

in San Diego,

and test these on different patients in different clinical conditions,

i da ovo testiramo na različitim pacijentima

u različitim kliničkim uslovima,

including moms-to-be like Jane.

uključujući buduće mame, poput Džejn.

Here is a picture of a pregnant woman in labor at our university hospital

Evo fotografije jedne trudnice na porođaju u našoj univerzitetskoj bolnici

being monitored for her uterine contractions with the conventional belt.

kojoj se posmatraju kontrakcije materice sa uobičajenim pojasom.

In addition,

Uz to, tu su naše fleksibilne elektronske nalepnice.

our flexible electronic patches are there.

This picture demonstrates waveforms pertaining to the fetal heart rate,

Ova slika pokazuje oblike talasa vezane za otkucaje srca fetusa,

where the red corresponds to what was acquired

gde crveno odgovara onome što se dobija

with the conventional belts,

sa uobičajenim pojasevima,

and the blue corresponds to our estimates

a plavo odgovara našim procenama

using our flexible electronic systems and our algorithms.

korišćenjem naših fleksibilnih elektronskih sistema i algoritama.

At this moment,

U tom trenutku,

we gave ourselves a big mental high five.

uputili smo sebi čestitku.

Some of the things we had imagined were beginning to come to fruition,

Neke od stvari koje smo zamislili počele su da se ostvaruju,

and we were actually seeing this in a clinical context.

i to zapravo vidimo u kliničkom kontekstu.

But there was still a problem.

Ipak, i dalje smo imali problem.

The problem was, the way we manufactured these systems

Problem je što je način na koji smo proizvodili ove sisteme

was very inefficient,

bio veoma neefikasan,

had low yield

imao nisku proizvodnju

and was very error-prone.

i bio podložan greškama.

Uz to, dok smo u bolnici pričali sa nekim medicinskim sestrama,

In addition,

as we talked to some of the nurses in the hospital,

they encouraged us to make sure

ohrabrivale su nas da obezbedimo

that our electronics worked with typical medical adhesives

da naša elektronika radi sa tipičnim medicinskim lepljivim materijalima

that are used in a hospital.

koji se koriste u bolnici.

We had an epiphany and said, "Wait a minute.

Tad nam je sinulo: „Čekaj malo.

Rather than just making them work with adhesives,

Umesto da samo napravimo da elektronika radi sa lepljivim materijalima,

let's integrate them into adhesives,

hajde da je integrišemo u njih,

and that could solve our manufacturing problem."

i to bi rešilo naš problem proizvodnje.“

This picture that you see here

Ova fotografija koju vidite

is our ability to embed these censors inside of a piece of Scotch tape

prikazuje našu sposobnost da ubacimo ove senzore unutar lepljive trake,

by simply peeling it off of a wafer.

jednostavno odlepljujući je sa podmetača.

Ongoing work in our research group allows us to, in addition,

Rad koji nastavlja naš tim istraživača omogućava nam da, uz to,

embed integrated circuits into the flexible adhesives

uključimo integrisana kola u fleksibilne lepljive materijale

to do things like amplifying signals and digitizing them,

da bismo mogli da dobijemo jači signal i da ih digitalizujemo,

processing them

obradimo

and encoding for wireless transmission.

i dekodiramo za bežičan prenos.

All of this integrated into the same medical adhesives

Sve ovo je integrisano u iste medicinske lepljive materijale

that are used in the hospital.

koji se koriste u bolnici.

So when we reached this point,

Kada smo došli do ove tačke,

we had some other challenges,

imali smo neke druge izazove,

from both an engineering as well as a usability perspective,

kako iz perspektive inženjeringa, tako i upotrebljivosti,

to make sure that we could make it used practically.

da bismo bili sigurni da mogu praktično da se koriste.

In many digital health discussions,

U mnogim digitalnim diskusijama vezanim za zdravlje,

people believe in and embrace the idea that we can simply digitize the data,

ljudi veruju u ideju da prosto možemo da digitalizujemo podatke,

wirelessly transmit it,

bežično ih prenesemo,

send it to the cloud,

pošaljemo ih na „oblak“,

and in the cloud,

a u oblaku izdvojimo bitne informacije za obradu.

we can extract meaningful information for interpretation.

And indeed, you can do all of that,

Zaista, sve to može da se uradi,

if you're not worried about some of the energy challenges.

ako vas ne brinu neki energetski izazovi.

Think about Jane for a moment.

Pomislite na Džejn na trenutak.

She doesn't live in Palo Alto,

Ona ne živi u Palo Altu,

nor does she live in Beverly Hills.

niti živi na Beverli Hilsu.

What that means is,

To znači da moramo da uzmemo u obzir njen plan podataka

we have to be mindful about her data plan and how much it would cost

i koliko bi nju koštalo da šalje stalne nizove podataka.

for her to be sending out a continuous stream of data.

There's another challenge

Postoji još jedan izazov

that not everyone in the medical profession is comfortable talking about.

o kome nisu svi u medicinskoj profesiji spremni da razgovaraju.

And that is, that Jane does not have the most trust

A to je da Džejn nema bezuslovno poverenje

in the medical establishment.

u medicinske ustanove.

She, people like her, her ancestors, have not had the best experiences

Ona, ljudi poput nje, njeni preci, nisu imali najbolja iskustva

at the hands of doctors and the hospital

kod lekara, u bolnici

or insurance companies.

ili osiguravajućim kućama.

That means that we have to be mindful of questions of privacy.

To znači da moramo biti obazrivi prema pitanjima privatnosti.

Jane might not feel that happy

Džejn možda ne bi bila najsrećnija

about all that data being processed into the cloud.

da se svi njeni podaci obrađuju u oblaku.

And Jane cannot be fooled;

Ne možete prevariti Džejn;

she reads the news.

ona čita vesti.

She knows that if the federal government can be hacked,

Ona zna da, ako federalna vlada može biti žrtva hakera,

if the Fortune 500 can be hacked,

ako jedna od najuspešnijih kompanija može biti žrtva hakera,

so can her doctor.

može i njen lekar.

And so with that in mind,

Imajući to u vidu,

we had an epiphany.

sinula nam je ideja.

We cannot outsmart all the hackers in the world,

Ne možemo nadmudriti sve hakere na svetu,

but perhaps we can present them a smaller target.

ali možda im možemo predstaviti jednu manju metu.

What if we could actually,

Šta ako bismo zapravo,

rather than have those algorithms that do data interpretation

umesto ovih algoritama za obradu podataka

run in the cloud,

koja se odvija u oblaku,

what if we have those algorithms run on those small integrated circuits

šta ako bismo ove algoritme pustili na ovim malim integrisanim kolima

embedded into those adhesives?

ugrađenim u lepljive materijale?

And so when we integrate these things together,

Tako kada integrišemo ove stvari,

what this means is that now we can think about the future

to znači da sada možemo da razmišljamo o budućnosti

where someone like Jane can still go about living her normal daily life,

gde neko poput Džejn može i dalje da vodi normalan svakodnevni život,

she can be monitored,

možemo da je pratimo,

it can be done in a way where she doesn't have to get another job

to može da se uradi tako da ona ne mora da radi još jedan posao

to pay her data plan,

da bi platila prenos podataka,

and we can also address some of her concerns about privacy.

i takođe možemo da se osvrnemo na neke njene brige o privatnosti.

So at this point,

Tako u ovom trenutku,

we're feeling very good about ourselves.

mislimo da smo uradili nešto dobro.

We've accomplished this,

Ostvarili smo ovo,

we've begun to address some of these questions about privacy

počeli smo da se osvrćemo na neka od ovih pitanja o privatnosti

and we feel like, pretty much the chapter is closed now.

i smatramo da smo praktično sada zatvorili jedno poglavljle.

Everyone lived happily ever after, right?

I svi su živeli srećno do kraja života, je l' da?

Well, not so fast.

Pa, ne tako brzo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

One of the things we have to remember, as I mentioned earlier,

Jedna od stvari koje moramo da zapamtimo, kao što sam spomenuo,

is that Jane does not have the most trust in the medical establishment.

je da Džejn nema potpuno poverenje u medicinske ustanove.

Moramo zapamtiti

We have to remember

that there are increasing and widening health disparities,

da sve više nastaju i povećavaju se razlike u zdravstvu,

and there's inequity in terms of proper care management.

i da postoje nejednakosti u pogledu valjanog sprovođenja nege.

And so what that means is that this simple picture

To znači da ova jednostavna slika

of Jane and her data --

Džejn i njenih podataka -

even with her being comfortable being wirelessly transmitted to the cloud,

čak i da je njoj u redu da se oni bežično prenesu na oblak

letting a doctor intervene if necessary --

i dopusti lekarima da reaguju ako zatreba -

is not the whole story.

nije cela priča.

So what we're beginning to do

Ono što počinjemo da radimo

is to think about ways to have trusted parties serve as intermediaries

je da razmišljamo o načinima da imamo učesnike od poverenja kao posrednike

between people like Jane and her health care providers.

između ljudi poput Džejn i njenih zdravstvenih radnika.

For example, we've begun to partner with churches

Primera radi, počeli smo da se povezujemo sa crkvama

and to think about nurses that are church members,

i da razmišljamo o medicinskim sestrama koje su članovi crkve,

that come from that trusted community,

koje dolaze iz krugova od poverenja,

as patient advocates and health coaches to people like Jane.

kao o zastupnicima pacijenata i zdravstvenim trenerima

za ljude poput Džejn.

Another thing we have going for us

Još jedna stvar koja nam ide na ruku

is that insurance companies, increasingly,

je da osiguravajuće kuće sve više i više

are attracted to some of these ideas.

privlače neke od ovih ideja.

They're increasingly realizing

One sve više i više shvataju

that perhaps it's better to pay one dollar now

da je možda bolje sada platiti jedan dolar

for a wearable device and a health coach,

za mobilni uređaj i zdravstvenog trenera,

rather than paying 10 dollars later,

nego platiti 10 dolara kasnije,

when that baby is born prematurely

kada se ta beba prevremeno rodi

and ends up in the neonatal intensive care unit --

i završi na neonatalnoj intezivnoj nezi -

one of the most expensive parts of a hospital.

jednom od najskupljih delova bolnice.

This has been a long learning process for us.

Ovo je bio dug proces učenja za nas.

This iterative process of breaking through and attacking one problem

Ovaj učestali proces napretka i rešavanja jednog problema,

and not feeling totally comfortable,

pri čemu nemate skroz dobar osećaj,

and identifying the next problem,

a već prepoznajete sledeći problem,

has helped us go along this path

pomogao nam je da idemo putem

of actually trying to not only innovate with this technology

gde ne samo da ćemo pokušati da inoviramo sa ovom tehnologijom,

but make sure it can be used for people who perhaps need it the most.

već da ćemo obezbediti da je koriste ljudi kojima je možda najviše potrebna.

Another learning lesson we've taken from this process

Još nešto što smo naučili iz ovog procesa,

that is very humbling,

što je vrlo utešno,

is that as technology progresses and advances at an accelerating rate,

je da, kako tehnologija napreduje vrlo brzo,

we have to remember that human beings are using this technology,

moramo zapamtiti da ljudska bića koriste ovu tehnologiju,

and we have to be mindful

i moramo imati na umu

that these human beings -- they have a face,

da ova ljudska bića imaju lice,

they have a name

imaju ime

and a life.

i imaju život.

And in the case of Jane,

A u slučaju Džejn,

hopefully, two.

nadamo se, dva.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)