A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | Todd Coleman

176,444 views ใƒป 2016-11-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ofek Rubin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
Please meet Jane.
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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ.
00:15
She has a high-risk pregnancy.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
00:17
Within 24 weeks,
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ืœืื—ืจ 24 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ,
00:19
she's on bed rest at the hospital,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
00:21
being monitored for her preterm contractions.
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ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.
00:25
She doesn't look the happiest.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืฉืžื—ื”.
00:26
That's in part because it requires technicians and experts
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื™ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
00:30
to apply these clunky belts on her to monitor her uterine contractions.
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ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”.
00:35
Another reason Jane is not so happy is because she's worried.
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ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืื’ืชื”.
00:40
In particular, she's worried about what happens
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื’ืช ืœืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื”
00:43
after her 10-day stay on bed rest at the hospital.
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ื›ืฉื™ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
00:47
What happens when she's home?
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืชื”?
00:49
If she were to give birth this early it would be devastating.
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื›ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืŸ.
00:53
As an African-American woman,
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ื›ืื™ืฉื” ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
00:55
she's twice as likely to have a premature birth
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืœืœื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืื• ืœืœื™ื“ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืช.
00:59
or to have a stillbirth.
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01:01
So Jane basically has one of two options:
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ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช:
01:04
stay at the hospital on bed rest,
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ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
01:07
a prisoner to the technology until she gives birth,
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ื›ื‘ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื“ ืœืจื’ืข ืœื™ื“ืชื”,
01:11
and then spend the rest of her life paying for the bill;
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ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
01:14
or head home after her 10-day stay and hope for the best.
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ืื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ื 10 ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื•ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘.
01:20
Neither of these two options seems appealing.
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ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืช.
01:24
As I began to think about stories like this
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ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
01:26
and hear about stories like this,
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01:28
I began to ask myself and imagine:
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™:
01:30
Is there an alternative?
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ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืจืช?
01:31
Is there a way we could have the benefits of high-fidelity monitoring
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ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™
01:36
that we get with our trusted partners in the hospital
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ืื•ืชื• ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
01:39
while someone is at home living their daily life?
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื•?
01:42
With that in mind,
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื•,
01:44
I encouraged people in my research group
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ืขื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ
01:46
to partner with some clever material scientists,
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ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
01:49
and all of us came together and brainstormed.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืœืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช.
01:52
And after a long process,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš
01:54
we came up with a vision, an idea,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
01:56
of a wearable system that perhaps you could wear like a piece of jewelry
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜
02:00
or you could apply to yourself like a Band-Aid.
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ืื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืžื• ืคืœืกื˜ืจ.
02:03
And after many trials and tribulations and years of endeavors,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืชืœืื•ืช, ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืืžืฅ,
02:07
we were able to come up with this flexible electronic patch
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ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืงื” ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื
02:11
that was manufactured using the same processes
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘,
02:13
that they use to build computer chips,
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02:16
except the electronics are transferred from a semiconductor wafer
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ืจืง ืฉื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืžื•ืœื™ืš ืœืžื—ืฆื”
02:21
onto a flexible material that can interface with the human body.
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ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืžืฉืง ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื.
02:25
These systems are about the thickness of a human hair.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืขืจืช ืื“ื.
02:30
They can measure the types of information that we want,
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื,
02:33
things such as:
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ื›ืžื•:
02:35
bodily movement,
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ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
02:36
bodily temperature,
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ื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
02:38
electrical rhythms of the body
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ืžืงืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ
02:39
and so forth.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
02:41
We can also engineer these systems,
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ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื•,
02:43
so they can integrate energy sources,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืœื‘ื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
02:46
and can have wireless transmission capabilities.
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ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืฉื“ื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช.
02:50
So as we began to build these types of systems,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
02:54
we began to test them on ourselves in our research group.
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ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ.
02:58
But in addition, we began to reach out to some of our clinical partners
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื•,
03:02
in San Diego,
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03:03
and test these on different patients in different clinical conditions,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:07
including moms-to-be like Jane.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืžื”ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื›ืžื• ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:10
Here is a picture of a pregnant woman in labor at our university hospital
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ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื” ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช
ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”
03:15
being monitored for her uterine contractions with the conventional belt.
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ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช.
03:20
In addition,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ,
03:22
our flexible electronic patches are there.
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ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื.
03:25
This picture demonstrates waveforms pertaining to the fetal heart rate,
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ,
03:29
where the red corresponds to what was acquired
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ื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื•
03:32
with the conventional belts,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ื•ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช,
03:34
and the blue corresponds to our estimates
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ื•ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื ื•
03:36
using our flexible electronic systems and our algorithms.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:40
At this moment,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข,
03:42
we gave ourselves a big mental high five.
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ื ืชื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื˜ืคื™ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื.
03:45
Some of the things we had imagined were beginning to come to fruition,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชื’ืฉื
03:48
and we were actually seeing this in a clinical context.
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื”.
03:52
But there was still a problem.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื”.
03:53
The problem was, the way we manufactured these systems
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื”, ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื™ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื”,
03:57
was very inefficient,
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03:58
had low yield
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ื‘ืขืœืช ืชืคื•ืงื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
04:00
and was very error-prone.
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ื•ืžื•ืขื“ืช ืœืชืงืœื•ืช.
04:02
In addition,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ,
ื›ืฉืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
04:03
as we talked to some of the nurses in the hospital,
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04:05
they encouraged us to make sure
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ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:07
that our electronics worked with typical medical adhesives
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ืชืฉื•ืœื‘ ืขื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:12
that are used in a hospital.
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04:14
We had an epiphany and said, "Wait a minute.
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ืขืœื” ื‘ื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืžืจื ื•, "ืจื’ืข.
04:16
Rather than just making them work with adhesives,
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"ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืชื ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื•ืช,
04:19
let's integrate them into adhesives,
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"ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื˜ืžื™ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื,
04:23
and that could solve our manufacturing problem."
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"ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ."
04:26
This picture that you see here
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื,
04:28
is our ability to embed these censors inside of a piece of Scotch tape
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ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื ื™ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืง
04:32
by simply peeling it off of a wafer.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ืœื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืจื•ืกืช ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ.
04:36
Ongoing work in our research group allows us to, in addition,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื•, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ,
04:39
embed integrated circuits into the flexible adhesives
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ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืง ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉ
04:43
to do things like amplifying signals and digitizing them,
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจืชื ืœืชืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช,
04:47
processing them
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ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื
04:48
and encoding for wireless transmission.
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ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœืชืฉื“ื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช.
04:51
All of this integrated into the same medical adhesives
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืง ืจืคื•ืื™
04:55
that are used in the hospital.
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ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:57
So when we reached this point,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•,
04:59
we had some other challenges,
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ื ื™ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
05:01
from both an engineering as well as a usability perspective,
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ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
05:05
to make sure that we could make it used practically.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”.
05:09
In many digital health discussions,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืจื‘ื™ื,
05:11
people believe in and embrace the idea that we can simply digitize the data,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืชืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช,
05:16
wirelessly transmit it,
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ืœืฉื“ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช,
05:18
send it to the cloud,
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘,
05:19
and in the cloud,
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ื•ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘,
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืคืขื ื•ื—.
05:21
we can extract meaningful information for interpretation.
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05:24
And indeed, you can do all of that,
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื”,
05:26
if you're not worried about some of the energy challenges.
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ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ื™ื.
05:29
Think about Jane for a moment.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
05:31
She doesn't live in Palo Alto,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืคืืœื• ืืœื˜ื•
05:33
nor does she live in Beverly Hills.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืจืœื™ ื”ื™ืœืก.
05:35
What that means is,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื,
05:36
we have to be mindful about her data plan and how much it would cost
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœื”
05:39
for her to be sending out a continuous stream of data.
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ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš.
05:44
There's another challenge
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ืงื™ื™ื ืืชื’ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื ื•ื— ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœื™ื•
05:45
that not everyone in the medical profession is comfortable talking about.
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05:49
And that is, that Jane does not have the most trust
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
05:52
in the medical establishment.
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05:54
She, people like her, her ancestors, have not had the best experiences
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ืœื”, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”, ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”,
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
05:59
at the hands of doctors and the hospital
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06:03
or insurance companies.
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ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
06:05
That means that we have to be mindful of questions of privacy.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
06:08
Jane might not feel that happy
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื—
06:10
about all that data being processed into the cloud.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœืขื ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘.
06:14
And Jane cannot be fooled;
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ื•ื‘ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืช;
06:17
she reads the news.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื” ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
06:18
She knows that if the federal government can be hacked,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™,
06:21
if the Fortune 500 can be hacked,
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ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจืฆ'ืŸ,
06:24
so can her doctor.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื’ื ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื”.
06:27
And so with that in mind,
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ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื•,
06:28
we had an epiphany.
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ืขืœื” ื‘ื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
06:30
We cannot outsmart all the hackers in the world,
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื”ืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
06:33
but perhaps we can present them a smaller target.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืžื˜ืจืช ืชืงื™ืคื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:36
What if we could actually,
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ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”
06:39
rather than have those algorithms that do data interpretation
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ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื ื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
06:43
run in the cloud,
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ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘,
06:44
what if we have those algorithms run on those small integrated circuits
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื
ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
06:48
embedded into those adhesives?
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ื”ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืง?
06:50
And so when we integrate these things together,
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ื›ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“,
06:54
what this means is that now we can think about the future
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืขืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“
06:57
where someone like Jane can still go about living her normal daily life,
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ื‘ื• ืืฉื” ื›ืžื• ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื”,
07:01
she can be monitored,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”,
07:03
it can be done in a way where she doesn't have to get another job
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”
ืฉืœื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
07:06
to pay her data plan,
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ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืœื”,
07:08
and we can also address some of her concerns about privacy.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืžื” ืžื—ืฉืฉื•ืชื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
07:12
So at this point,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
07:14
we're feeling very good about ourselves.
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07:16
We've accomplished this,
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•.
07:17
we've begun to address some of these questions about privacy
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืžื” ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
07:20
and we feel like, pretty much the chapter is closed now.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:24
Everyone lived happily ever after, right?
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:28
Well, not so fast.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ.
07:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:31
One of the things we have to remember, as I mentioned earlier,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื,
ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
07:34
is that Jane does not have the most trust in the medical establishment.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
07:38
We have to remember
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07:39
that there are increasing and widening health disparities,
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ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื,
07:42
and there's inequity in terms of proper care management.
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ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื•ืœื.
07:46
And so what that means is that this simple picture
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
07:49
of Jane and her data --
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ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื” โ€“
07:50
even with her being comfortable being wirelessly transmitted to the cloud,
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ื’ื ืื ืชื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืืœื—ื•ื˜ ืœืขื ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘
07:54
letting a doctor intervene if necessary --
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ื•ืœืชืช ืœืจื•ืคื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš โ€“
07:57
is not the whole story.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
07:59
So what we're beginning to do
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
08:00
is to think about ways to have trusted parties serve as intermediaries
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื
08:05
between people like Jane and her health care providers.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœื”.
08:08
For example, we've begun to partner with churches
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืœื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช
08:11
and to think about nurses that are church members,
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช,
08:14
that come from that trusted community,
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ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื” ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ื”,
08:16
as patient advocates and health coaches to people like Jane.
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ื›ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:21
Another thing we have going for us
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•,
08:23
is that insurance companies, increasingly,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™
ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
08:25
are attracted to some of these ideas.
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08:27
They're increasingly realizing
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ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:29
that perhaps it's better to pay one dollar now
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
08:32
for a wearable device and a health coach,
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ืœื”ืชืงืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืืžืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
08:35
rather than paying 10 dollars later,
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ืžืœืฉืœื ืขืฉืจื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš
ื›ืฉื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื
08:38
when that baby is born prematurely
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08:40
and ends up in the neonatal intensive care unit --
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ื•ื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ืœื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื โ€“
08:43
one of the most expensive parts of a hospital.
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ืื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:47
This has been a long learning process for us.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืืจื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
08:50
This iterative process of breaking through and attacking one problem
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช
08:54
and not feeling totally comfortable,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื,
08:56
and identifying the next problem,
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ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
08:58
has helped us go along this path
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ืกื™ื™ืขื” ืœื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš
09:00
of actually trying to not only innovate with this technology
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ื‘ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:03
but make sure it can be used for people who perhaps need it the most.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”.
09:07
Another learning lesson we've taken from this process
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”,
09:10
that is very humbling,
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ืฉืžื™ืœื ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื ื•ื•ื”,
09:11
is that as technology progresses and advances at an accelerating rate,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืกื—ืจืจ,
09:16
we have to remember that human beings are using this technology,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•,
09:20
and we have to be mindful
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืืœื”
09:21
that these human beings -- they have a face,
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ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื,
09:25
they have a name
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช
09:26
and a life.
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:27
And in the case of Jane,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืŸ,
09:29
hopefully, two.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
09:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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