A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | Todd Coleman

Prevoditelj: Mirjana Zekic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Please meet Jane.

Molimo upoznajte Jane.

She has a high-risk pregnancy.

Ona ima visoko rizičnu trudnoću.

Within 24 weeks,

U 24. tjednu trudnoće

she's on bed rest at the hospital,

ona je na mirovanju u bolnici,

being monitored for her preterm contractions.

pod nadzorom zbog prijevremenih kontrakcija.

She doesn't look the happiest.

Ne izgleda najsretnije.

That's in part because it requires technicians and experts

Dijelom jer su potrebni tehničari i stručnjaci

to apply these clunky belts on her to monitor her uterine contractions.

da joj postave ​nezgrapne pojaseve koji prate kontrakcije maternice.

Another reason Jane is not so happy is because she's worried.

Dijelom jer je zabrinuta.

In particular, she's worried about what happens

Posebice je zabrinuta jer ne zna što će se dogoditi

after her 10-day stay on bed rest at the hospital.

nakon desetodnevnog mirovanja u bolnici.

What happens when she's home?

Što će se dogoditi kad dođe kući?

If she were to give birth this early it would be devastating.

Prijevremeni porod bio bi poražavajući.

As an African-American woman,

Kao afroamerikanka

she's twice as likely to have a premature birth

ima dva put veću mogućnost prijevremenog poroda

or to have a stillbirth.

ili rođenja mrtvog djeteta.

So Jane basically has one of two options:

Dakle, Jane u osnovi može birati između dvije mogućnosti:

stay at the hospital on bed rest,

ostati u bolnici na mirovanju,

a prisoner to the technology until she gives birth,

biti rob tehnologije sve do poroda,

and then spend the rest of her life paying for the bill;

a zatim provesti ostatak života plaćajući bolničke račune;

or head home after her 10-day stay and hope for the best.

ili pohitati kući nakon bolničkog boravka i nadati se najboljem.

Neither of these two options seems appealing.

Ni jedna od ove dvije opcije se čini privlačnom.

As I began to think about stories like this

Počeo sam razmišljati o sličnim situacijama

and hear about stories like this,

i zanimati se za slične slučajeve

I began to ask myself and imagine:

Počeo sam razmišljati i pitati se

Is there an alternative?

postoji li alternativa?

Is there a way we could have the benefits of high-fidelity monitoring

Na koji način bi mogli uživati prednosti visoko pouzdane kontrole

that we get with our trusted partners in the hospital

koju nam pruža povjerljivo bolničko osoblje

while someone is at home living their daily life?

u vlastitom domu dok živimo svakodnevnim životom?

With that in mind,

Imajući to u vidu,

I encouraged people in my research group

ohrabrio sam ljude u istraživačkom timu

to partner with some clever material scientists,

da se udruže s vrhunskim stručnjacima iz područja materije

and all of us came together and brainstormed.

i pozvao ih sve zajedno na "oluju mozgova".

And after a long process,

Nakon dugog procesa,

we came up with a vision, an idea,

došli smo do vizije, ideje

of a wearable system that perhaps you could wear like a piece of jewelry

nosivog sustava koji bi se možda mogao nositi kao komad nakita

or you could apply to yourself like a Band-Aid.

ili zalijepiti kao flaster.

And after many trials and tribulations and years of endeavors,

Nakon brojnih testiranja i pokušaja i godina nastojanja,

we were able to come up with this flexible electronic patch

uspjeli smo realizirati fleksibilnu elektronsku naljepnicu

that was manufactured using the same processes

koja je proizvedena koristeći iste procese

that they use to build computer chips,

koji se koriste za izgradnju računalnih čipova,

except the electronics are transferred from a semiconductor wafer

osim što je elektronika iz poluvodičke podloge prebačena

onto a flexible material that can interface with the human body.

na fleksibilni materijal koji se može povezati s ljudskim tijelom.

These systems are about the thickness of a human hair.

Ovi sustavi su otprilike debljine ljudske kose.

They can measure the types of information that we want,

Oni mogu mjeriti vrste informacija koje želimo,

things such as:

kao na primjer:

bodily movement,

tjelesno kretanje,

bodily temperature,

tjelesnu temperaturu,

electrical rhythms of the body

električne ritmove tijela

and so forth.

i tako dalje.

We can also engineer these systems,

Isto tako te sustave možemo projektirati,

so they can integrate energy sources,

tako da mogu integrirati izvore energije,

and can have wireless transmission capabilities.

i imati i bežične prijenosne mogućnosti.

So as we began to build these types of systems,

Dakle, kad smo počeli graditi ove vrste sustava,

we began to test them on ourselves in our research group.

istovremeno smo ih počeli testirati na sebi u našoj istraživačkoj grupi.

But in addition, we began to reach out to some of our clinical partners

Osim toga, povezali smo se s nekim od naših kliničkih partnera

in San Diego,

u San Diegu,

and test these on different patients in different clinical conditions,

i testirali ih na različitim pacijentima u različitim kliničkim stanjima,

including moms-to-be like Jane.

uključujući buduće mame kao što je Jane.

Here is a picture of a pregnant woman in labor at our university hospital

Ovo je slika trudnice u labaratoriju naše sveučilišne bolnice

being monitored for her uterine contractions with the conventional belt.

na pračenju trudova maternice putem konvencionalnog pojasa.

In addition,

Osim pojasa,

our flexible electronic patches are there.

nosi i naše elektroničke naljepnice.

This picture demonstrates waveforms pertaining to the fetal heart rate,

Ova slika pokazuje valove koji se odnose na otkucaje bebinog srca,

where the red corresponds to what was acquired

crveno se odnosi na ono što je izmjereno

with the conventional belts,

konvencionalnim pojasem,

and the blue corresponds to our estimates

a plava odgovara našim procjenama dobivenih

using our flexible electronic systems and our algorithms.

korištenjem naših fleksibilnih elektroničkih sustava i naših algoritama.

At this moment,

U ovom trenutku,

we gave ourselves a big mental high five.

čestitatali smo sami sebi.

Some of the things we had imagined were beginning to come to fruition,

Neke od stvari koje smo zamislili počele su se koristiti,

and we were actually seeing this in a clinical context.

i zapravo ih vidimo u kliničkom kontekstu.

But there was still a problem.

No, tu je još jedan problem.

The problem was, the way we manufactured these systems

Način na koji smo prozvodili ove sisteme

was very inefficient,

pokazao se neučinkovit,

had low yield

imao je nizak prinos

and was very error-prone.

i bio je sklon pogreškama.

In addition,

Uz to,

as we talked to some of the nurses in the hospital,

razgovarali smo s medicinskim sestrama u bolnici,

they encouraged us to make sure

koje su nam savjetovale da provjerimo

that our electronics worked with typical medical adhesives

da naša elektronika funkcionira s tipičnim medicinskim ljepilom

that are used in a hospital.

koje se koristi u bolnici.

We had an epiphany and said, "Wait a minute.

Sinulo nam je i rekli smo: "Pričekaj minutu.

Rather than just making them work with adhesives,

Umjesto da ih pravimo tako da rade s ljepilom

let's integrate them into adhesives,

integrirajmo ih u ljepilo,

and that could solve our manufacturing problem."

i to bi mogalo riješiti naš proizvodni problem. "

This picture that you see here

Ova slika koju vidite ovdje

is our ability to embed these censors inside of a piece of Scotch tape

je naša sposobnost da ugradimo ove cenzore unutar jednog komada ljepljive trake

by simply peeling it off of a wafer.

jednostavno ljušteći ih s podloge.

Ongoing work in our research group allows us to, in addition,

Zahvaljujući konstantnom radu našeg tima moguče je, izmedu ostalog,

embed integrated circuits into the flexible adhesives

ugraditi integrirane krugove u fleksibilno ljepilom

to do things like amplifying signals and digitizing them,

da bi radili stvari kao što je pojačavanje signala te njihova digitalizacija,

processing them

njihova obrada

and encoding for wireless transmission.

i kodiranje za bežični prijenos.

All of this integrated into the same medical adhesives

Sve ovo je integrirano u istim medicinskih ljepilima

that are used in the hospital.

koja se koriste u bolnici.

So when we reached this point,

Kad smo došli do ove faze,

we had some other challenges,

pojavili su se drugi izazovi,

from both an engineering as well as a usability perspective,

iz inženjerske perspektive kao i iz perspektive upotrebljivosti,

to make sure that we could make it used practically.

morali smo biti sigurni da ćemo ga moći koristiti.

In many digital health discussions,

U mnogim digitalnim zdravstvenim raspravama,

people believe in and embrace the idea that we can simply digitize the data,

ljudi vjeruju i prihvačaju ideju da možemo jednostavno digitalizirati podatke,

wirelessly transmit it,

bežično ih prenositi,

send it to the cloud,

poslati ih u oblak

and in the cloud,

te u oblaku

we can extract meaningful information for interpretation.

izdvojiti značajne informacije za interpretaciju.

And indeed, you can do all of that,

I doista, možete sve to učiniti,

if you're not worried about some of the energy challenges.

ako vas ne brinu neki energetski izazovi.

Think about Jane for a moment.

Razmislite na trenutak o Jane.

She doesn't live in Palo Alto,

Ona ne živi u Palo Altu,

nor does she live in Beverly Hills.

niti na Beverly Hillsu.

What that means is,

To znači,

we have to be mindful about her data plan and how much it would cost

da moramo razmotriti njen plan podataka i koliko će je koštati

for her to be sending out a continuous stream of data.

da šalje kontinuirani tok podataka.

There's another challenge

Postoji još jedan izazov

that not everyone in the medical profession is comfortable talking about.

o kojem nije svima u medicinskoj struci ugodno razgovarati.

And that is, that Jane does not have the most trust

A to je, da Jane nema previše povjerenja

in the medical establishment.

u medicinske ustanove.

She, people like her, her ancestors, have not had the best experiences

Ona, ljudi poput nje, njeni pretci, nisu imali najbolje iskustvo

at the hands of doctors and the hospital

u rukama liječnika i bolnica

or insurance companies.

ili osiguravajućih društava.

That means that we have to be mindful of questions of privacy.

To znači da moramo uzeti u obzir pitanje privatnosti.

Jane might not feel that happy

Možda se Jane neće svidjeti

about all that data being processed into the cloud.

ideja da se njeni podatci obrađuje u oblaku.

And Jane cannot be fooled;

A Jane se ne može prevariti;

she reads the news.

ona čita vijesti.

She knows that if the federal government can be hacked,

Ona zna da, ako savezna vlada može biti hakirana,

if the Fortune 500 can be hacked,

ako Fortune 500 može biti hakiran,

so can her doctor.

može i njezin liječnik.

And so with that in mind,

I tako s tim na umu,

we had an epiphany.

sinulo nam je.

We cannot outsmart all the hackers in the world,

Ne možemo nadmudriti sve hakere na svijetu,

but perhaps we can present them a smaller target.

ali im možda možemo smanjiti mogućnost djelovanja

What if we could actually,

Što ako bi mogli,

rather than have those algorithms that do data interpretation

umjesto da algoritme koji čitaju podatake

run in the cloud,

šaljemo u oblaku

what if we have those algorithms run on those small integrated circuits

te iste slati u male integrirane krugove

embedded into those adhesives?

ugrađene u samim naljepnicama?

And so when we integrate these things together,

Nakon što smo povezali te stvari zajedno,

what this means is that now we can think about the future

sada možemo razmišljati o budućnosti

where someone like Jane can still go about living her normal daily life,

gdje netko poput Jane može normalno živjeti svakodnevni život,

she can be monitored,

ona može biti praćena,

it can be done in a way where she doesn't have to get another job

na način da ne mora imati dodatni posao

to pay her data plan,

kako bi to platila,

and we can also address some of her concerns about privacy.

možemo riješiti neke probleme glede privatnosti.

So at this point,

Dakle, u ovom trenutku,

we're feeling very good about ourselves.

smo jako zadovoljni sami sobom.

We've accomplished this,

Postigli smo ovo,

we've begun to address some of these questions about privacy

počeli smo se baviti nekim pitanjima o privatnosti

and we feel like, pretty much the chapter is closed now.

i osjećamo se prilično kao da smo zatvorili jedno poglavlje.

Everyone lived happily ever after, right?

živjeli su sretno do kraja života, istina?

Well, not so fast.

Pa, ne tako brzo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

One of the things we have to remember, as I mentioned earlier,

Moramo uzeti u obzir, kao što sam spomenuo ranije,

is that Jane does not have the most trust in the medical establishment.

da Jane nema previše povjerenja u medicinske ustanove.

We have to remember

Moramo uzeti u obzir

that there are increasing and widening health disparities,

zdravstvene nejednakosti koje se šire i rastu,

and there's inequity in terms of proper care management.

a tu je i nejednakost glede pravilnog upravljanja skrbi.

And so what that means is that this simple picture

To znači da ova jednostavna slika

of Jane and her data --

Jane i njezinih podataka -

even with her being comfortable being wirelessly transmitted to the cloud,

čak i ako se ona osjeća ugodno da se oni bežično prenose u oblak,

letting a doctor intervene if necessary --

s mogućnosti liječničke intervencije -

is not the whole story.

nije cijela priča.

So what we're beginning to do

Dakle, počeli smo

is to think about ways to have trusted parties serve as intermediaries

razmišljati o tome kako doći do pouzdanih posrednika

between people like Jane and her health care providers.

između ljudi poput Jane i davaoca njihovih zdravstvenih usluga.

For example, we've begun to partner with churches

Na primjer, počeli smo surađivati s crkvama

and to think about nurses that are church members,

i razmišljati o medicinskim sestrama koje su vjernici,

that come from that trusted community,

i dolaze iz pouzdane zajednice,

as patient advocates and health coaches to people like Jane.

kao o zaštitnicama i zdravstvenim trenerima pacijentima poput Jane.

Another thing we have going for us

Još jedna stvar koja radi za nas

is that insurance companies, increasingly,

je da su osiguravajuća društva, sve više,

are attracted to some of these ideas.

privučena nekim od ovih ideja.

They're increasingly realizing

Oni su shvatli

that perhaps it's better to pay one dollar now

da bi možda bilo bolje platiti jedan dolar sada

for a wearable device and a health coach,

za nosivi uređaj i zdravstvenog trenera

rather than paying 10 dollars later,

nego plaćati 10 dolara kasnije,

when that baby is born prematurely

kada se dijete prerano rodi

and ends up in the neonatal intensive care unit --

i završi na neonatalnom odjelu intenzivne njege --

one of the most expensive parts of a hospital.

jedanom od najskupljih u bolnici.

This has been a long learning process for us.

To je bio dug proces učenja za nas.

This iterative process of breaking through and attacking one problem

Ovaj iterativni proces rješavanja problema

and not feeling totally comfortable,

kada se nismo osjećali ugodno,

and identifying the next problem,

i identificiranja sljedećeg problema,

has helped us go along this path

pomogao nam je napredovati tako

of actually trying to not only innovate with this technology

da zapravo ne pokušavamo samo inovirati s ovom tehnologijom

but make sure it can be used for people who perhaps need it the most.

već da budemo sigurni da je mogu koristiti oni kojima je najpotrebnija.

Another learning lesson we've taken from this process

Još jedna lekcija koju smo naučili iz ovog procesa

that is very humbling,

je da je on u drugom planu,

is that as technology progresses and advances at an accelerating rate,

jer unatoč ubrzanom ritmu napredovanju tehnologije,

we have to remember that human beings are using this technology,

moramo imati na umu da su ljudska bića ta koja je koriste,

and we have to be mindful

moramo biti svjesni

that these human beings -- they have a face,

da ti ljudi - imaju lice,

they have a name

imaju ime

and a life.

i život.

And in the case of Jane,

U slučaju Jane,

hopefully, two.

nadamo se, dva života.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)