Lessons from death row inmates | David R. Dow

Translator: Jenny Zurawell Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Milenka Okuka

Two weeks ago,

Pre dve nedelje,

I was sitting at the kitchen table with my wife Katya,

sedeo sam za kuhinjskim stolom

sa mojom ženom Katjom,

and we were talking about what I was going to talk about today.

i razgovarali smo na temu o kojoj ću pričati danas.

We have an 11-year-old son; his name is Lincoln.

Imamo 11-godišnjeg sina, zove se Linkoln.

He was sitting at the same table, doing his math homework.

Sedeo je za istim stolom i radio domaći iz matematike.

And during a pause in my conversation with Katya,

I tokom pauze u mom razgovoru sa Katjom,

I looked over at Lincoln

bacio sam pogled na Linkolna

and I was suddenly thunderstruck

i kao da me je grom pogodio,

by a recollection of a client of mine.

setio sam se mog klijenta.

My client was a guy named Will.

Moj klijent je bio momak po imenu Vil.

He was from North Texas.

Poreklom iz severnog Teksasa.

Nikada nije dobro poznavao svog oca, zato što je otac napustio njegovu majku

He never knew his father very well,

because his father left his mom while she was pregnant with him.

dok je bila trudna s njim.

And so, he was destined to be raised by a single mom,

I tako, suđeno mu je da ga odgaja samohrana majka,

which might have been all right

što bi možda i bilo u redu

except that this particular single mom was a paranoid schizophrenic,

osim što je baš ova samohrana majka

bila paranoidni šizofrenik,

and when Will was five years old,

i kada je Vil imao pet godina, pokušala je da ga ubije mesarskim nožem.

she tried to kill him with a butcher knife.

Nju su vlasti odvele

She was taken away by authorities and placed in a psychiatric hospital,

i smestile u psihijatrijsku bolnicu,

and so for the next several years Will lived with his older brother,

tako da je nekoliko narednih godina Vil živeo sa starijim bratom

until he committed suicide by shooting himself through the heart.

dok brat nije izvršio samoubistvo pucnjem u srce.

I posle toga

And after that Will bounced around from one family member to another,

Vila su prebacivali od jednog do drugog člana porodice,

until, by the time he was nine years old, he was essentially living on his own.

sve do njegove devete godine, kada je u suštini bio prepušten samom sebi.

That morning that I was sitting with Katya and Lincoln,

Tog jutra sam sedeo sa Katjom i Linkolnom i pogledao sam u svog sina,

I looked at my son, and I realized that when my client, Will, was his age,

i shvatio da je moj klijent, Vil,

bio njegovog uzrasta,

he'd been living by himself for two years.

i sam na ulici već dve godine.

Will eventually joined a gang

Vil se na kraju priključio bandi

and committed a number of very serious crimes,

i počinio

brojna teška krivična dela,

including, most seriously of all,

uključujući, najozbiljnije od svih,

užasno, tragično ubistvo.

a horrible, tragic murder.

I Vil je na kraju pogubljen

And Will was ultimately executed as punishment for that crime.

jer je to kazna za taj zločin.

Ali ja ne želim danas da pričam

But I don't want to talk today about the morality of capital punishment.

o moralnosti smrtne kazne.

I certainly think that my client shouldn't have been executed,

Svakako mislim da moj klijent

nije trebalo da bude pogubljen, ali ono što želim da uradim

but what I would like to do today instead

is talk about the death penalty in a way I've never done before,

danas umesto toga je da govorim o smrtnoj kazni

na način na koji to nisam radio do sada,

in a way that is entirely noncontroversial.

na način

koji je potpuno nekontroverzan.

Mislim da je to moguće,

I think that's possible,

because there is a corner of the death penalty debate --

zato što postoji stanovište

u raspravi o smrtnoj kazni -

maybe the most important corner --

možda i najvažnije stanovište -

where everybody agrees,

sa kojim se svi slažu,

where the most ardent death penalty supporters

gde i najzagriženiji pobornici smrtne kazne

and the most vociferous abolitionists are on exactly the same page.

i najglasniji abolicionisti

imaju iste stavove.

That's the corner I want to explore.

To je stanovište koje želim da razradim.

Before I do that, though, I want to spend a couple of minutes

Ali pre nego što to uradim, želim da posvetim nekoliko minuta

telling you how a death penalty case unfolds,

govoreći vam kako se slučaj smrtne kazne odvija,

and then I want to tell you two lessons

i onda ću vam ispričati dve lekcije koje sam naučio za poslednjih 20 godina,

that I have learned over the last 20 years as a death penalty lawyer

radeći kao specijalizovani advokat za slučajeve smrtne kazne,

from watching well more than a hundred cases unfold in this way.

videvši više od stotinjak slučajeva koji su se odvijali na isti način.

You can think of a death penalty case as a story that has four chapters.

Možete zamisliti slučaj smrtne kazne kao priču

sa četri poglavlja.

The first chapter of every case is exactly the same, and it is tragic.

Prvo poglavlje svakog slučaja je potpuno isto,

i tragično je.

It begins with the murder of an innocent human being,

Počinje ubistvom

nedužnog ljudskog bića,

and it's followed by a trial

iza koga sledi suđenje

where the murderer is convicted and sent to death row,

gde je ubica osuđen i poslat na izvršenje smrtne kazne,

and that death sentence is ultimately upheld by the state appellate court.

i ta smrtna kazna je na kraju

potvrđena na državnom apelacionom sudu.

Drugo poglavlje je sastavljeno od pravnih radnji poznatih

The second chapter consists of a complicated legal proceeding

known as a state habeas corpus appeal.

kao apelacija državi protiv utamničenja.

The third chapter is an even more complicated legal proceeding

Treće poglavlje je još komplikovanija pravna procedura,

known as a federal habeas corpus proceeding.

savezna procedura protiv utamničenja.

And the fourth chapter is one where a variety of things can happen.

I četvrto poglavlje je ono u kome se mogu desiti razne stvari.

The lawyers might file a clemency petition,

Advokat može podneti zahtev za pomilovanjem,

they might initiate even more complex litigation,

mogu pokrenuti mnogo kompleksniji postupak,

or they might not do anything at all.

ili mogu da ne urade ništa od toga.

But that fourth chapter always ends with an execution.

Ali četvrto poglavlje uvek završava

pogubljenjem.

Kada sam pre više od 20 godina počeo da zastupam osuđene na smrtnu kaznu,

When I started representing death row inmates more than 20 years ago,

people on death row did not have a right to a lawyer

zatvorenici nisu imali prava na advokata,

in either the second or the fourth chapter of this story.

ni u drugom, ni u četvrtom poglavlju ove priče.

They were on their own.

Prepušteni sami sebi.

In fact, it wasn't until the late 1980s

Činjenica je da ni do kraja 1980-ih nisu obezbedili

that they acquired a right to a lawyer during the third chapter of the story.

pravo na advokata tokom trećeg poglavlja

ove priče.

So what all of these death row inmates had to do was rely on volunteer lawyers

Sve što su oni morali da urade

je da se oslone na pravnike volontere

to handle their legal proceedings.

da vode njihove pravne procedure.

The problem is that there were way more guys on death row

Problem je bio u tome da je bilo mnogo više smrtnih osuđenika

nego što je bilo advokata koji su bili stručni i zainteresovani za ove slučajeve.

than there were lawyers

who had both the interest and the expertise to work on these cases.

And so inevitably,

Neizbežno je bilo

lawyers drifted to cases that were already in chapter four --

da avokati teže slučajevima koji su već bili u četvrtom poglavlju -

that makes sense, of course.

to naravno ima smisla.

Those are the cases that are most urgent;

To su najhitniji slučajevi, to su ljudi koji su najbliži pogubljenju.

those are the guys who are closest to being executed.

Some of these lawyers were successful;

Neki od ovih advokata bili su uspešni - obezbedili su klijentima novo suđenje.

they managed to get new trials for their clients.

Others of them managed to extend the lives of their clients,

Drugi su uspeli svojim klijentima da produže živote,

sometimes by years, sometimes by months.

nekad godinama, nekad mesecima.

But the one thing that didn't happen

Ali nije se desilo to

da se ikada dogodio ozbiljan i stalan pad

was that there was never a serious and sustained decline

in the number of annual executions in Texas.

godišnjih pogubljenja u Teksasu.

In fact, as you can see from this graph,

Zapravo, kao što možete videti sa grafikona, do vremena kada je

from the time that the Texas execution apparatus got efficient

mehanizam pogubljenja postao efikasan sredinom i kasnih 90-tih,

in the mid- to late 1990s,

there have only been a couple of years

postoji samo nekoliko godina gde je broj godišnjih pogubljenja pao

where the number of annual executions dipped below 20.

ispod 20.

In a typical year in Texas,

Tokom prosečne godine u Teksasu,

we're averaging about two people a month.

imamo prosek

od oko dvoje ljudi mesečno.

In some years in Texas, we've executed close to 40 people,

Nekih godina u Teksasu je pogubljeno blizu 40 ljudi, i ovaj broj

and this number has never significantly declined over the last 15 years.

nikada nije značajno pao tokom proteklih 15 godina.

And yet, at the same time that we continue to execute

Ipak, u isto vreme kada nastavljamo sa egzekucijama

about the same number of people every year,

istog broja ljudi svake godine,

the number of people who we're sentencing to death on an annual basis

broj ljudi koje osuđujemo na smrt

na godišnjem nivou

has dropped rather steeply.

opao je značajno.

So we have this paradox,

Imamo ovaj paradoks,

a to je da je broj godišnjih pogubljenja ostao velik,

which is that the number of annual executions has remained high

but the number of new death sentences has gone down.

ali se broj novih smrtnih kazni smanjio.

Why is that?

Zašto se ovo dešava?

It can't be attributed to a decline in the murder rate,

To se ne može pripisati padu u stopi ubistava,

because the murder rate has not declined nearly so steeply

jer stopa ubistava nije pala

ni blizu kao što to pokazuje crvena linija na grafikonu.

as the red line on that graph has gone down.

What has happened instead

Zapravo se desilo to

is that juries have started to sentence more and more people to prison

da su porote počele sve više ljudi da kažnjavaju zatvorom

do kraja života, bez mogućnosti uslovne kazne,

for the rest of their lives without the possibility of parole,

rather than sending them to the execution chamber.

umesto da ih šalju na gubilište.

Zašto se to desilo?

Why has that happened?

It hasn't happened because of a dissolution

Nije se desilo zbog nedostatka podrške smrtnoj kazni.

of popular support for the death penalty.

Protivnici smrtne kazne se teše činjenicom

Death penalty opponents take great solace in the fact

da je podrška smrtnoj kazni u Teksasu na nezapamćeno niskom nivou.

that death penalty support in Texas is at an all-time low.

Do you know what all-time low in Texas means?

Znate li šta to znači za Teksas?

It means that it's in the low 60 percent.

To znači da je oko 60 procenata.

Now, that's really good compared to the mid-1980s,

To je veoma dobro u poređenju sa 80-tima,

when it was in excess of 80 percent,

kada je bila veća od 80 procenata,

but we can't explain the decline in death sentences

ali ne možemo objasniti smanjenje smrtnih kazni i afinitet

and the affinity for life without the possibility of parole

za doživotnu kaznu bez uslovnog otpuštanja erozijom podrške za smrtnu kaznu,

by an erosion of support for the death penalty,

because people still support the death penalty.

jer ljudi još podržavaju smrtnu kaznu.

What's happened to cause this phenomenon?

Zbog čega je nastala ova pojava?

What's happened is that lawyers who represent death row inmates

Desilo se to

da su advokati

koji zastupaju osuđenike na smrtnu kaznu promenili fokus

have shifted their focus to earlier and earlier chapters

na sve ranija poglavlja priče o smrtnoj kazni.

of the death penalty story.

So 25 years ago, they focused on chapter four.

Pre 25 godina, fokusirali su se na četvrto poglavlje.

And they went from chapter four 25 years ago

Prešli su sa četvrtog poglavlja, pre 25 godina, na treće

to chapter three in the late 1980s.

krajem 1980-tih.

And they went from chapter three in the late 1980s

A sa trećeg poglavlja su krajem 1980-tih

to chapter two in the mid-1990s.

prešli na drugo, sredinom 1990-tih. A sredinom i krajem 1990-tih,

And beginning in the mid- to late 1990s,

they began to focus on chapter one of the story.

počeli su da se fokusiraju na početak priče.

Now, you might think that this decline in death sentences

Možete misliti da je ovaj pad smrtnih kazni i povećanje broja

and the increase in the number of life sentences

doživotnih kazni dobra ili loša stvar.

is a good thing or a bad thing.

I don't want to have a conversation about that today.

Danas ne želim da pričam o tome.

All that I want to tell you is that the reason that this has happened

Želim da vam kažem da je razlog zašto se ovo dogodilo

is because death penalty lawyers have understood

taj što su advokati koji zastupaju smrtne osuđenike shvatili

that the earlier you intervene in a case,

da što ranije se interveniše u slučaju,

the greater the likelihood that you're going to save your client's life.

veće su šanse da ćete svom klijentu spasiti život.

That's the first thing I've learned.

To je prva stvar koju sam naučio.

Here's the second thing I learned:

Evo i druge stvari koju sam naučio:

My client Will was not the exception to the rule;

Moj klijent, Vil

nije bio izuzetak od pravila;

he was the rule.

on je bio pravilo.

I sometimes say, if you tell me the name of a death row inmate --

Ponekad kažem, ako mi date ime osuđenika na smrtnu kaznu,

doesn't matter what state he's in,

nema veze u kojoj je državi, bez obzira da li sam ga upoznao ili ne -

doesn't matter if I've ever met him before --

I'll write his biography for you.

napisaću njegovu biografiju za vas.

And eight out of 10 times,

I u osam od deset puta,

the details of that biography will be more or less accurate.

detalji ove biografije

biće manje-više precizni.

And the reason for that is that 80 percent of the people on death row

I razlog za to je to što su 80% osuđenika na smrt ljudi

are people who came from the same sort of dysfunctional family that Will did.

koji su potekli iz istih nefunkcionalnih porodica

kao što je Vilova.

Eighty percent of the people on death row

80% osuđenika na smrt

are people who had exposure to the juvenile justice system.

su ljudi koji su bili unutar

pravosudnog sistema za maloletničku delikvenciju.

That's the second lesson that I've learned.

To je druga lekcija

koju sam naučio.

Now we're right on the cusp of that corner

Sada smo u centru tog stanovišta

where everybody's going to agree.

sa kojime će se svi složiti.

People in this room might disagree

Ljudi u ovoj prostoriji mogu da se ne slože oko toga

about whether Will should have been executed,

da li bi Vila trebalo pogubiti,

but I think everybody would agree

ali mislim da će se svi složiti

that the best possible version of his story

da bi najbolja moguća verzija njegove priče

would be a story where no murder ever occurs.

bila priča

gde se ubistvo nije desilo.

How do we do that?

Kako to da učinimo?

When our son Lincoln was working on that math problem two weeks ago,

Kada je naš sin Linkoln radio matematički problem

it was a big, gnarly problem.

pre dve nedelje, bio je to veliki, gadan problem.

And he was learning how, when you have a big old gnarly problem,

I on je sada naučio da kada imaš veliki problem,

sometimes the solution is to slice it into smaller problems.

ponekad je put do rešenja podeliti ga na manje probleme.

Tako rešavamo većinu problema - iz matematike i fizike,

That's what we do for most problems --

in math, in physics, even in social policy --

čak i iz socijalne politike -

we slice them into smaller, more manageable problems.

usitnimo ih u manje, lakše rešive probleme.

But every once in a while, as Dwight Eisenhower said,

Ali s vremena na vreme,

kao što to reče Dvajt Ajzenhauer,

the way you solve a problem is to make it bigger.

način za rešavanje problema

je da ga ukrupnite.

Način na koji bismo rešili ovaj problem

The way we solve this problem

is to make the issue of the death penalty bigger.

je da pitanje smrtne kazne načinimo širim.

We have to say, all right.

Moramo reći, u redu.

We have these four chapters of a death penalty story,

Imamo ova četri poglavlja

priče o smrtnoj kazni,

but what happens before that story begins?

ali šta se dešavalo

pre nego što je priča počela?

How can we intervene in the life of a murderer

Kako možemo intervenisati u životu ubice

before he's a murderer?

pre nego što postane ubica?

What options do we have to nudge that person off of the path

Kakve opcije imamo

da gurnemo tu osobu sa tog puta

koji vodi ishodu za koji svi -

that is going to lead to a result that everybody --

death penalty supporters and death penalty opponents --

oni koji su za i protiv smrtne kazne -

still think is a bad result:

još uvek misle

da je loš rezultat:

the murder of an innocent human being?

ubistvo nevinog čoveka.

You know, sometimes people say that something isn't rocket science.

Ljudi ponekad kažu

da nešto nije viša matematika.

And by that, what they mean is rocket science is really complicated

Time se misli da je viša matematika veoma komplikovana

and this problem that we're talking about now is really simple.

i da je ovaj problem o kome pričamo prilično jednostavan.

Well that's rocket science;

To je viša matematika:

that's the mathematical expression for the thrust created by a rocket.

izraz koji se koristi

za veoma teške probleme u matematici.

What we're talking about today is just as complicated.

Danas pričamo o nečemu

što je jednako komplikovano.

What we're talking about today is also rocket science.

Ono o čemu danas pričamo

je takođe viša matematika.

My client Will and 80 percent of the people on death row

Moj klijent Vil

i 80% ljudi osuđenih na smrt

had five chapters in their lives

imali su pet poglavlja u svom životu

that came before the four chapters of the death penalty story.

koja su nastupila

pre četiri poglavlja priče o smrtnoj kazni.

I think of these five chapters as points of intervention,

Ovih pet poglavlja smatram tačkama za intervenciju,

places in their lives

trenucimau njihovim životima kada je naše društvo

when our society could've intervened in their lives

moglo da interveniše i pogura ih sa staze na kojoj su bili,

and nudged them off of the path that they were on

that created a consequence that we all --

koja je dovela do posledica za koje svi - oni koji podržavaju

death penalty supporters or death penalty opponents --

ili koji su protiv smrtne kazne -

say was a bad result.

mislimo da su loše.

Now, during each of these five chapters:

Tokom svakog od ovih pet poglavlja,

when his mother was pregnant with him;

kada je majka bila trudna s njim,

in his early childhood years;

u njegovom ranom detinjstvu,

when he was in elementary school;

kada je bio u osnovnoj školi,

when he was in middle school and then high school;

višim razredima osnovne i u srednjoj školi

and when he was in the juvenile justice system --

i kada je bio u sistemu popravnih domova - tokom svakog od ovih pet poglavlja,

during each of those five chapters,

there were a wide variety of things that society could have done.

bilo je mnoštvo stvari koje je društvo moglo da uradi.

In fact, if we just imagine

Zapravo, ako samo zamislimo

that there are five different modes of intervention,

da postoji pet različitih modela intervencije, način na koji društvo

the way that society could intervene in each of those five chapters,

može da interveniše u tih pet pogavlja,

and we could mix and match them any way we want,

i možemo da ih kombinujemo i mešamo po volji,

there are 3,000 -- more than 3,000 -- possible strategies

postoji 3000 - više od 3000 mogućih strategija

that we could embrace

kojima bismo klince poput Vila

in order to nudge kids like Will off of the path that they're on.

mogli da skrenemo sa njihove staze.

So I'm not standing here today with the solution.

Danas pred vama ne stojim

sa rešenjem.

But the fact that we still have a lot to learn,

Činjenica je da još uvek imamo dosta da učimo,

that doesn't mean that we don't know a lot already.

ali to ne znači da već ne znamo dosta.

We know from experience in other states

Iz iskustva iz drugih država znamo

that there are a wide variety of modes of intervention

da postoji širok dijapazon mera intervencije

that we could be using in Texas,

koje bismo mogli da koristimo u Teksasu i svim drugim državama koje ih ne koriste,

and in every other state that isn't using them,

in order to prevent a consequence that we all agree is bad.

kako bismo sprečili posledicu za koju se svi slažemo da je loša.

I'll just mention a few.

Pomenuću samo nekoliko.

I won't talk today about reforming the legal system.

Danas neću pričati o reformi pravnog sistema.

That's probably a topic

To je verovatno tema koju treba ostaviti u prostoriji punoj advokata i sudija.

that is best reserved for a room full of lawyers and judges.

Instead, let me talk about a couple of modes of intervention

Umesto toga, pričaću o nekoliko mera intervencije

that we can all help accomplish,

za koje svi možemo pomoći da se ostvare,

because they are modes of intervention that will come about

jer su to mere intervencije koje će nastati

when legislators and policymakers, when taxpayers and citizens,

kada se zakonodavci i političari, poreznici i građani

agree that that's what we ought to be doing

slože da je to ono što treba da radimo

and that's how we ought to be spending our money.

i da tako treba da trošimo naš novac.

We could be providing early childhood care

Možemo pružati pomoć u ranom detinjstvu

za ekonomski i drugačije ugroženu decu

for economically disadvantaged and otherwise troubled kids,

and we could be doing it for free.

i to može biti besplatno.

And we could be nudging kids like Will off of the path that we're on.

Možemo skretati klince poput Vila sa staze na kojoj su.

There are other states that do that, but we don't.

Postoje druge države koje to rade, ali naša ne.

We could be providing special schools,

Možemo da pružamo posebne škole, na nivou srednje škole

at both the high school level and the middle school level,

i viših razreda osnovne, ali čak i u prvih pet razreda,

but even in K-5,

that target economically and otherwise disadvantaged kids,

koje su namenjene ekonomski i drugačije ugroženoj deci, i naročito deci

and particularly kids who have had exposure to the juvenile justice system.

koja su bila izložena

kaznenom sistemu za maloletnike.

There are a handful of states that do that;

Postoji nekolicina država koje ovo imaju -

Texas doesn't.

ali ne i Teksas.

There's one other thing we can be doing -- well, there are a bunch of other things --

Postoji još nešto što možemo da radimo -

dosta stvari - jedna stvar koju ću pomenuti,

there's one other thing that I'm going to mention,

a to će biti jedina kontroverzna stvar

and this is going to be the only controversial thing that I say today.

koju ću reći danas.

We could be intervening much more aggressively

Možemo intervenisati

mnogo agresivnije

into dangerously dysfunctional homes,

u opasno nefunkcionalnim domovima

and getting kids out of them

i iz njih vaditi decu

before their moms pick up butcher knives and threaten to kill them.

pre nego što njihove majke uzmu noževe i priprete da će ih ubiti.

If we're going to do that, we need a place to put them.

Ako uradimo to,

potrebno nam je mesto za njih.

Even if we do all of those things,

Čak i da uradimo sve ovo, neka deca će nam promaći

some kids are going to fall through the cracks

and they're going to end up in that last chapter

i završiće na tom poslednjem poglavlju pre nego počne priča s ubistvom,

before the murder story begins,

they're going to end up in the juvenile justice system.

završiće u kaznenom sistemu za maloletnike.

A čak i da se desi to,

And even if that happens, it's not yet too late.

još uvek nije prekasno.

There's still time to nudge them,

Još ima vremena da ih poguramo,

if we think about nudging them rather than just punishing them.

ako na to mislimo kao na guranje

umesto proste kazne.

There are two professors in the Northeast --

Na severoistoku postoje dva profesora - jedan na Jejlu a drugi na Merilendu -

one at Yale and one at Maryland --

they set up a school that is attached to a juvenile prison.

osnovali su školu

koja je pridružena zatvoru za maloletnike.

And the kids are in prison, but they go to school

Klinci su u zatvoru, ali idu u školu od osam ujutru

from eight in the morning until four in the afternoon.

do četiri popodne.

Now, it was logistically difficult.

To je bilo logistički teško.

They had to recruit teachers who wanted to teach inside a prison,

Morali su da regrutuju nastavnike

koji su želeli da rade unutar zatvora, da ustanove strogo razdvajanje

they had to establish strict separation

between the people who work at the school and the prison authorities,

između ljudi koji rade u školi i osoblja u zatvoru,

i najteže od svega, morali su da izmisle novi program nastave,

and most dauntingly of all,

they needed to invent a new curriculum because you know what?

jer pogodite šta?

People don't come into and out of prison on a semester basis.

Ljudi ne dolaze u zatvor na polugodištima.

(Laughter)

But they did all those things.

Ali uradili su sve to.

Now, what do all of these things have in common?

Šta je zajedničko svim ovim stvarima?

What all of these things have in common is that they cost money.

Zajedničko im je da koštaju.

Some of the people in the room might be old enough

Neki od vas su možda dovoljno stari da se sećaju tipa

to remember the guy on the old oil filter commercial.

na staroj reklami za filtere za ulje.

He used to say, "Well, you can pay me now or you can pay me later."

Rekao bi: "Možete mi platiti sada

ili mi platiti kasnije."

What we're doing in the death penalty system

Ono što mi radimo

u sistemu smrtnih kazni

is we're paying later.

je plaćanje kasnije.

But the thing is that for every 15,000 dollars

Ali stvar je u tome

da za svakih 15000 dolara koje potrošimo na intervencije

that we spend intervening

in the lives of economically and otherwise disadvantaged kids

u životima ekonomski i drugačije ugrožene dece

in those earlier chapters,

u tim ranijim poglavljima,

we save 80,000 dollars in crime-related costs down the road.

kasnije štedimo 80000 dolara u troškovima koji su vezani za kriminal.

Even if you don't agree that there's a moral imperative that we do it,

Čak i da se ne slažete

da je moralna obaveza da to uradimo,

ekonomski ima smisla.

it just makes economic sense.

I want to tell you about the last conversation that I had with Will.

Želim da vam ispričam o poslednjem razgovoru

koji sam vodio s Vilom.

It was the day that he was going to be executed,

To je bilo dana kad je trebalo da bude pogubljen

i samo smo pričali.

and we were just talking.

There was nothing left to do in his case.

Nije ostalo ništa da se uradi

u njegovom slučaju.

And we were talking about his life.

I mi smo pričali o njegovom životu.

And he was talking first about his dad, who he hardly knew, who had died,

I pričao je prvo o svom ocu, kojeg je jedva poznavao,

koji je umro

i potom o svojoj majci,

and then about his mom, who he did know, who was still alive.

koju je poznavao,

i koja je još uvek živa.

And I said to him,

Rekao sam mu:

"I know the story.

"Znam priču.

I've read the records.

Čitao sam zapisnike.

I know that she tried to kill you."

Znam da je pokušala da te ubije."

I said, "But I've always wondered

I rekoh: "Uvek smo se pitali

whether you really actually remember that."

da li se zapravo sećaš toga."

I said, "I don't remember anything from when I was five years old.

Rekoh: "Ja se ničega ne sećam

iz perioda kada sam imao pet godina.

Maybe you just remember somebody telling you."

Možda si se setio nečega što ti je neko prepričao."

And he looked at me and he leaned forward,

I pogledao me je nagnuvši se napred i reče:

and he said, "Professor," --

"Profesore," - poznavao me je 12 godina i još uvek me je zvao profesore.

he'd known me for 12 years, he still called me Professor.

He said, "Professor, I don't mean any disrespect by this,

Rekao je: "Profesore, bez uvrede,

but when your mama picks up a butcher knife

ali kada tvoja mama

uzme mesarski nož koji izgleda veći od tebe

that looks bigger than you are,

and chases you through the house screaming she's going to kill you,

i juri te kroz kuću vičući da će da te ubije

and you have to lock yourself in the bathroom

i moraš da se zaključaš u kupatilo i nasloniš na vrata

and lean against the door

and holler for help until the police get there,"

i vičeš upomoć dok policija ne dođe,"

pogledao me je i rekao:

he looked at me and he said,

"that's something you don't forget."

"to je nešto što se ne zaboravlja."

I hope there's one thing you all won't forget:

Nadam se da jedno nećete zaboraviti:

In between the time you arrived here this morning

od vremena kada ste jutros stigli ovde i do pauze za ručak,

and the time we break for lunch,

u SAD će se desiti

there are going to be four homicides in the United States.

četiri ubistva.

We're going to devote enormous social resources

Posvetićemo ogromne društvene resurse da kaznimo počinioce tih zločina,

to punishing the people who commit those crimes,

i to je u redu jer treba da kažnjavamo

and that's appropriate

because we should punish people who do bad things.

one koji čine loše stvari.

Ali tri od navedenih zločina se mogu sprečiti.

But three of those crimes are preventable.

If we make the picture bigger

Ako sagledamo širu sliku

and devote our attention to the earlier chapters,

i posvetimo pažnju ranijim poglavljima,

then we're never going to write the first sentence

tada nećemo nikada ispisati prvu rečenicu

that begins the death penalty story.

kojom započinje priča o smrtnoj kazni.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)