Bono: The good news on poverty (Yes, there's good news)

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Jovana Zorić Lektor: Mile Živković

Chris Anderson asked me if I could put the last 25 years

Kris Anderson me je pitao da li bih mogao da stavim poslednjih 25 godina

of anti-poverty campaigning into 10 minutes for TED.

kampanje protiv siromaštva u 10 minuta za TED.

That's an Englishman asking an Irishman to be succinct.

To je Englez koji traži od Irca da bude sažet.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I said, "Chris, that would take a miracle."

Rekao sam mu: "Krise, za to je potrebno čudo".

He said, "Bono, wouldn't that be a good use of your messianic complex?"

Odgovorio mi je: "Bono, ne bi li tako dobro iskoristio svoj kompleks mesije?"

So, yeah.

Tako da, eto.

Then I thought, let's go even further than 25 years.

Onda sam pomislio, hajde da se vratimo i dalje od 25 godina unazad.

Let's go back before Christ, three millennia,

Hajde da se vratimo tri milenijuma pre Hrista,

to a time when, at least in my head, the journey for justice,

u vreme kada je, barem za mene, borba za pravdu,

the march against inequality and poverty really began.

marš protiv nejednakosti i siromaštva, zapravo počeo.

Three thousand years ago,

Pre tri hiljade godina,

civilization just getting started on the banks of the Nile,

civilizacija se tek rađala na obalama Nila,

some slaves, Jewish shepherds in this instance,

neki robovi, jevrejski pastiri u ovom slučaju,

smelling of sheep shit, I guess,

koji su mirisali na ovčiji izmet, pretpostavljam,

proclaimed to the Pharaoh, sitting high on his throne,

izjavili su faraonu koji je sedeo visoko na svom tronu:

"We, your majesty-ness, are equal to you."

"Mi smo, vaše Veličanstvo, jednaki kao vi".

And the Pharaoh replies, "Oh, no.

A faraon odgovara: "A ne.

You, your miserableness, have got to be kidding."

Vi se, vaša jadnosti, sigurno šalite".

And they say, "No, no, that's what it says here

A oni kažu: "Ne, ne, to kaže ovde

in our holy book."

u našoj svetoj knjizi".

Cut to our century, same country, same pyramids,

Prelazimo u naš vek, istu državu, iste piramide,

another people spreading the same idea

drugi ljudi šire istu ideju

of equality with a different book.

o jednakosti sa drugačijom knjigom.

This time it's called the Facebook.

Ovoga puta ona se zove Fejsbuk.

Crowds are gathered in Tahrir Square.

Mase se okupljaju na trgu Tahrir.

They turn a social network from virtual to actual,

One pretvaraju socijalnu mrežu iz virtualne u stvarnu

and kind of rebooted the 21st century.

i na neki način, resetuju 21. vek.

Not to undersell how messy and ugly

Ne želim da umanjim značaj toga koliko su ružne i neuredne

the aftermath of the Arab Spring has been,

posledice Arapskog proleća,

neither to oversell the role of technology,

niti da uvećam ulogu tehnologije,

but these things have given a sense of what's possible

ali ovakve stvari su pokazale šta je moguće

when the age-old model of power, the pyramid,

kada se drevni model moći, piramida,

gets turned upside down, putting the people on top

okrene naopačke, stavljajući ljude na vrh,

and the pharaohs of today on the bottom, as it were.

a faraone današnjice na dno.

It's also shown us that something as powerful

Takođe nam je pokazalo da nešto toliko moćno poput

as information and the sharing of it can challenge inequality,

informacije i deljenja informacija može da pokoleba nejednakost,

because facts, like people,

jer činjenice, kao i ljudi,

want to be free, and when they're free,

žele da budu slobodne, a kada su slobodne,

liberty is usually around the corner,

sloboda je obično iza ćoška,

even for the poorest of the poor --

čak i za one najsiromašnije -

facts that can challenge cynicism

činjenice koje mogu da pokolebaju cinizam

and the apathy that leads to inertia,

i apatiju koja vodi do inercije,

facts that tell us what's working and,

činjenice koje nam govore šta funkcioniše,

more importantly, what's not, so we can fix it,

i još važnije, šta ne funkcioniše, da možemo to da popravimo,

facts that if we hear them and heed them could help us

činjenice koje ako čujemo i obratimo pažnju na njih

meet the challenge that Nelson Mandela made

ispunjavaju izazov koji je Nelson Mandela postavio

back in 2005,

još u 2005.

when he asked us to be that great generation

kada je od nas tražio da budemo ta velika generacija

that overcomes that most awful offense to humanity,

koja će prevazići onu najgoru uvredu čovečanstvu:

extreme poverty,

ekstremno siromaštvo.

facts that build a powerful momentum.

Činjenice koje imaju moćan uticaj.

So I thought, forget the rock opera,

Tako da sam pomislio, zaboravite rok opere,

forget the bombast, my usual tricks.

zaboravite pompeznost, trikove koje inače koristim.

The only thing singing today would be the facts,

Jedina stvar koja će danas pevati biće činjenice,

for I have truly embraced by inner nerd.

jer sam istinski prihvatio svog unutrašnjeg štrebera.

So exit the rock star.

Dakle, rok zvezda izlazi.

Enter the evidence-based activist, the factivist.

Ulazi aktivista potkrepljen dokazima - faktivista.

Because what the facts are telling us

Jer činjenice nam govore

is that the long, slow journey,

da se dugo, sporo putovanje,

humanity's long, slow journey of equality,

dugo, sporo putovanje čovečanstva prema jednakosti

is actually speeding up.

zapravo ubrzava.

Look at what's been achieved.

Pogledajte šta je postignuto.

Look at the pictures these data sets print.

Pogledajte podatke koje ove slike prikazuju.

Since the year 2000, since the turn of the millennium,

Od 2000. godine, od početka novog milenijuma,

there are eight million more AIDS patients

ima 8 miliona više pacijenata koji boluju od side

getting life-saving antiretroviral drugs.

čiji životi se spasavaju antiretrovirusnim lekovima.

Malaria: There are eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Malarija: ima 8 zemalja u Podsaharskoj Africi

that have their death rates cut by 75 percent.

čije stope smrtnosti su smanjene za 75 procenata.

For kids under five, child mortality, kids under five,

Za decu ispod pet godina, smrtnost dece ispod pet godina,

it's down by 2.65 million a year.

smanjila se za 2,65 miliona godišnje.

That's a rate of 7,256 children's lives saved each day.

To je stopa od 7256 dečjih života spasenih svakoga dana.

Wow. Wow. (Applause)

Opa. Opa. (Aplauz)

Let's just stop for a second, actually, and think about that.

Hajde zapravo da stanemo na trenutak i razmislimo o tome.

Have you read anything anywhere in the last week

Da li ste u toku prošle nedelje igde čuli išta

that is remotely as important as that number? Wow.

što je približno bitno kao taj broj? Sjajno.

Great news. It drives me nuts

Sjajne vesti. Izluđuje me

that most people don't seem to know this news.

to što većina ljudi izgleda ne zna ove vesti.

Seven thousand kids a day. Here's two of them.

Sedam hiljada dece dnevno. Evo dvoje od njih.

This is Michael and Benedicta,

Ovo su Majkl i Benedikta

and they're alive thanks in large part

i oni su živi uglavnom zahvaljujući

to Dr. Patricia Asamoah -- she's amazing --

dr Patriši Asamoa, ona je neverovatna,

and the Global Fund, which all of you financially support,

i Globalnom fondu, koji svako od vas finansijski podržava,

whether you know it or not.

bilo da to znate ili ne.

And the Global Fund provides antiretroviral drugs

A Globalni fond obezbeđuje antiretrovirusne lekove

that stop mothers from passing HIV to their kids.

kojima se sprečava prenošenje HIV-a sa majki na decu.

This fantastic news didn't happen by itself.

Ove fantastične vesti nisu se desile same od sebe.

It was fought for, it was campaigned for,

Za njih se borilo, vodile su se kampanje,

it was innovated for.

uvodile su se inovacije.

And this great news gives birth to even more great news,

A iz ovih sjajnih vesti rađa se još sjajnih vesti

because the historic trend is this.

jer je istorijski trend sledeći:

The number of people living in back-breaking,

broj ljudi koji žive u iscrpljujućem,

soul-crushing extreme poverty has declined

uništavajućem, ogromnom siromaštvu opao je

from 43 percent of the world's population in 1990

sa 43% svetske populacije u 1990.

to 33 percent by 2000

na 33% do 2000.

and then to 21 percent by 2010.

i onda na 21% do 2010.

Give it up for that. (Applause)

Molim aplauz za to. (Aplauz)

Halved. Halved.

Prepolovljen. Prepolovljen.

Now, the rate is still too high -- still too many people

Stopa je i dalje previsoka, i dalje previše ljudi

unnecessarily losing their lives.

nepotrebno gubi živote.

There's still work to do.

I dalje ima posla.

But it's heart-stopping. It's mind-blowing stuff.

Ali ovo oduzima dah. Ovo je zapanjujuće.

And if you live on less than $1.25 a day,

A kada živite na manje od 1,25 dolara dnevno,

if you live in that kind of poverty,

kada živite u takvom siromaštvu,

this is not just data.

ovo nisu samo podaci.

This is everything.

Ovo vam znači sve.

If you're a parent who wants the best for your kids -- and I am --

Ako ste roditelj koji želi najbolje za svoju decu, kao ja,

this rapid transition is a route out of despair and into hope.

ova brza promena je put iz očaja u nadu.

And guess what? If the trajectory continues,

I znate šta? Ako se ovakva putanja nastavi

look where the amount of people living on $1.25 a day

pogledajte šta će se desiti sa brojem ljudi koji žive na 1,25 dolara dnevno

gets to by 2030.

do 2030.

Can't be true, can it?

To ne može biti istina. Ili može?

That's what the data is telling us. If the trajectory continues,

To nam podaci govore. Ako se putanja nastavi,

we get to, wow, the zero zone.

stići ćemo do, opa, zone nula.

For number-crunchers like us,

Za nas koji se bavimo brojkama

that is the erogenous zone,

to je erogena zona

and it's fair to say that I am, by now,

i ispravno je reći da sam ja sada

sexually aroused by the collating of data.

seksualno uzbuđen prikupljenim podacima.

So virtual elimination of extreme poverty,

Dakle, virtuelna eliminacija ogromnog siromaštva,

as defined by people living on less than $1.25 a day,

definisanog ljudima koji žive na 1,25 dolara dnevno,

adjusted, of course, for inflation from a 1990 baseline.

naravno, podešena za inflaciju od osnove u 1990.

We do love a good baseline.

Volimo dobru osnovu.

That's amazing.

To je neverovatno.

Now I know that some of you think this progress

Ja znam da će neki od vas pomisliti da je ovaj napredak

is all in Asia or Latin America or

čitav u Aziji ili Latinskoj Americi

model countries like Brazil --

ili u državama po modelu kao što je Brazil,

and who doesn't love a Brazilian model? --

a ko ne voli brazilske modele?

but look at sub-Saharan Africa.

Ali pogledajte Podsaharsku Afriku.

There's a collection of 10 countries, some call them the lions,

Postoji grupa od 10 država, neki ih zovu "lavovi",

who in the last decade have had a combination

koje su u protekloj deceniji imale kombinaciju

of 100 percent debt cancellation,

stoprocentnog ukidanja dugova,

a tripling of aid, a tenfold increase in FDI --

utrostručenja pomoći, desetostrukog porasta SDU,

that's foreign direct investment --

tj. stranih direktnih ulaganja,

which has unlocked a quadrupling of domestic resources -- that's local money --

iz koje je proizašlo učetvorostručenje domaćih resursa, tj. lokalnog novca,

which, when spent wisely -- that's good governance --

koji ako se mudro troši, tj. ako se njime dobro upravlja,

cut childhood mortality by a third,

može smanjiti smrtnost dece za trećinu,

doubled education completion rates,

udvostručiti stope završetka obrazovanja,

and they, too, halved extreme poverty,

a one su takođe prepolovile ekstremno siromaštvo

and at this rate, these 10 get to zero too.

i po trenutnoj stopi, ovih 10 država takođe će stići do nule.

So the pride of lions

Dakle, ponos "lavova"

is the proof of concept.

je dokaz ove ideje.

There are all kinds of benefits to this.

Postoje mnoge koristi ovoga.

For a start, you won't have to listen

Za početak, nećete morati da slušate

to an insufferable little jumped-up Jesus like myself.

malog nepodnošljivog i uobraženog Isusa kao što sam ja.

How about that? (Applause)

Šta mislite o tome? (Aplauz)

And 2028, 2030? It's just around the corner.

A 2028, 2030? Samo što nisu stigle.

I mean, it's about three Rolling Stones farewell concerts away.

Pazite, to je za neka tri oproštajna koncerta Roling Stonsa.

(Laughter) I hope. I'm hoping.

(Smeh) Nadam se. Nadam se.

Makes us look really young.

Pored toga mi izgledamo baš mlado.

So why aren't we jumping up and down about this?

Pa zašto onda ne skačemo od sreće zbog ovoga?

Well, the opportunity is real, but so is the jeopardy.

Pa, postoji prava prilika, ali i rizik.

We can't get this done until we really accept

Ne možemo ovo postići ukoliko stvarno ne prihvatimo

that we can get this done.

da to možemo postići.

Look at this graph.

Pogledajte ovaj grafikon.

It's called inertia. It's how we screw it up.

Ovo se zove inercija. Tako možemo sve zabrljati.

And the next one is really beautiful.

A sledeća stvar je veoma lepa.

It's called momentum.

Zove se zamah.

And it's how we can bend the arc of history

I njime možemo luk prošlosti spustiti

down towards zero,

sve do nule,

just doing the things that we know work.

samo radeći ono što sada radimo.

So inertia versus momentum.

Dakle, inercija protiv zamaha.

There is jeopardy, and of course,

Postoji rizik i naravno,

the closer you get, it gets harder.

što smo bliže cilju, to postaje teže.

We know the obstacles that are in our way

Znamo koje su prepreke na našem putu

right now, in difficult times.

trenutno, u ovim teškim vremenima.

In fact, today in your capital, in difficult times,

Zapravo, danas u vašoj prestonici, u ovim teškim vremenima,

some who mind the nation's purse want to cut

neko ko brine o novčaniku naroda želi da prekine

life-saving programs like the Global Fund.

programe za spasavanje života poput Globalnog fonda.

But you can do something about that.

Ali vi možete da uradite nešto po tom pitanju.

You can tell politicians

Možete da kažete političarima

that these cuts [can cost] lives.

da to prekidanje može da znači živote.

Right now today, in Oslo as it happens,

Trenutno se u Oslu

oil companies are fighting to keep secret

naftne kompanije bore kako bi sačuvale u tajnosti

their payments to governments

koliko plaćaju vladama

for extracting oil in developing countries.

za uzimanje nafte iz zemalja u razvoju.

You can do something about that too.

Možete da uradite nešto i po tom pitanju.

You can join the One Campaign,

Možete da se pridružite "One" kampanji

and leaders like Mo Ibrahim, the telecom entrepreneur.

i vođama poput Moa Ibrahima, preduzetnika u telekomunikacijama.

We're pushing for laws that make sure that at least some

Insistiramo na zakonima koji će osigurati da bar deo

of the wealth under the ground

podzemnog bogatstva

ends up in the hands of the people living above it.

završi u rukama ljudi koji žive na toj zemlji.

And right now, we know

A znamo da trenutno

that the biggest disease of all

najveća bolest od svih

is not a disease. It's corruption.

i nije bolest nego korupcija.

But there's a vaccine for that too.

Ali i za to postoji vakcina.

It's called transparency, open data sets,

Zove se transparentnost, otvoreni skupovi podataka,

something the TED community is really on it.

nešto na čemu TED zajednica zaista radi.

Daylight, you could call it, transparency.

Svetlost dana, ako želite, transparentnost.

And technology is really turbocharging this.

A tehnologija ovo izuzetno unapređuje.

It's getting harder to hide if you're doing bad stuff.

Postaje sve teže sakriti ako radite loše stvari.

So let me tell you about the U-report,

Ispričaću vam o U-izveštaju,

which I'm really excited about. It's 150,000 millennials

zbog kojeg sam vrlo uzbuđen. Ima oko 150.000 mladih ljudi

all across Uganda, young people

širom Ugande

armed with 2G phones, an SMS social network

naoružano 2G mobilnim telefonima, društvena SMS mreža

exposing government corruption

koja razotkriva korupciju vlade

and demanding to know what's in the budget

i zahteva da zna šta se nalazi u budžetu

and how their money is being spent.

i kako se njihov novac troši.

This is exciting stuff.

Prilično uzbudljiva stvar.

Look, once you have these tools,

Vidite, jednom kada nabavite ovakve alatke,

you can't not use them.

ne možete da ih ne koristite.

Once you have this knowledge, you can't un-know it.

Jednom kada to saznate, ne možete to zaboraviti.

You can't delete this data from your brain,

Ne možete izbrisati te podatke iz vašeg mozga,

but you can delete the cliched image

ali možete izbrisati otrcanu sliku

of supplicant, impoverished peoples

siromašnih ljudi koji prose

not taking control of their own lives.

i ne preuzimaju kontrolu nad svojim životom.

You can erase that, you really can,

Možete je izbrisati, zaista možete

because it's not true anymore. (Applause)

jer ona više ne postoji. (Aplauz)

It's transformational.

Ona se transformisala.

2030? By 2030, robots,

2030? Do 2030, roboti

not just serving us Guinness, but drinking it.

nam neće samo donositi pivo nego će ga i piti.

By the time we get there,

Do trenutka kada stignemo do toga

every place with a rough semblance of governance

svako mesto sa nekakvom vrstom uprave

might actually be on their way.

moglo bi biti na putu ka tome.

So I'm here to -- I guess we're here

Dakle, ja sam ovde - pretpostavljam da smo mi ovde

to try and infect you with this virtuous, data-based virus,

da pokušamo da vas zarazimo ovim dobrim virusom potkrepljenim činjenicama,

the one we call factivism.

a zovemo ga faktivizam.

It's not going to kill you.

Neće vas ubiti.

In fact, it could save countless lives.

Zapravo, mogao bi da spasi nebrojeno mnogo života.

I guess we in the One Campaign would love you

Mi iz "One" kampanje voleli bismo

to be contagious, spread it, share it, pass it on.

da budete zarazni, da ga širite, šaljete dalje.

By doing so, you will join us and countless others

Radeći to, pridružićete se nama i mnogim drugima

in what I truly believe is the greatest adventure ever taken,

u nečemu za šta zaista verujem da je najveća avantura u istoriji,

the ever-demanding journey of equality.

u napornoj borbi za jednakost.

Could we really be the great generation

Možemo li zaista biti ona velika generacija

that Mandela asked us to be?

kakvu je Mandela tražio?

Might we answer that clarion call with science,

Možemo li odgovoriti na taj glasan poziv naukom,

with reason, with facts,

razumom, činjenicama

and, dare I say it, emotions?

i ako smem da kažem, emocijama?

Because as is obvious, factivists have feelings too.

Jer, kao što se vidi iz priloženog, i faktivisti imaju osećanja.

I'm thinking of Wael Ghonim, though.

Mislim na Vejela Gonima.

Some of you know him. He set up one of the Facebook groups

Neki od vas ga znaju. Pokrenuo je jednu od grupa na Fejsbuku

behind the Tahrir Square in Cairo.

koje su stajale iza pobune na trgu Tahrir u Kairu.

He got thrown in jail for it,

Završio je u zatvoru zbog toga,

but I have his words tattooed on my brain.

ali njegove reči urezane su mi u pamćenju.

"We are going to win because we don't understand politics.

"Pobedićemo jer ne razumemo politiku.

We are going to win because we don't play their dirty games.

Pobedićemo jer ne igramo njihove prljave igre.

We are going to win because we don't have a party political agenda.

Pobedićemo jer nemamo politički cilj iza svega ovoga.

We are going to win because the tears

Pobedićemo jer suze

that come from our eyes actually come from our hearts.

u našim očima zaista dolaze iz naših srca.

We are going to win because we have dreams,

Pobedićemo jer imamo snove

and we're willing to stand up for those dreams."

i spremni smo da se borimo za njih."

Wael is right.

Vejel je u pravu.

We're going to win

Pobedićemo

if we work together as one,

ako budemo radili zajedno kao jedan,

because the power of the people

jer je moć naroda

is so much stronger than the people in power.

mnogo jača od ljudi na vlasti.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you so much. (Applause)

Hvala vam mnogo. (Aplauz)