Bono: The good news on poverty (Yes, there's good news)

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

翻译人员: Siying Liu 校对人员: xuan wang

Chris Anderson asked me if I could put the last 25 years

克里斯·安德森 (Chris Anderson，作家，著有《长尾理论》) 问我能否将过去25年来的

of anti-poverty campaigning into 10 minutes for TED.

扶贫运动浓缩成10分钟的TED演讲

That's an Englishman asking an Irishman to be succinct.

这是一个英国人要求一个爱尔兰人长话短说.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I said, "Chris, that would take a miracle."

我说：“Chris啊，那真是要创造奇迹了。”

He said, "Bono, wouldn't that be a good use of your messianic complex?"

他说：“Bono，难道你不觉得这是展示你的弥赛亚情节的好机会吗？”

So, yeah.

那么——好的！

Then I thought, let's go even further than 25 years.

然后我又想啊，让我们沿着历史长河走得更远些，超越25年。

Let's go back before Christ, three millennia,

让我们回溯到三千年前，早在基督诞生之前，

to a time when, at least in my head, the journey for justice,

回到我心目中那个正义的里程的起点，

the march against inequality and poverty really began.

那个人类面对贫穷和不平等的抗争开启的时代。

Three thousand years ago,

三千年前，

civilization just getting started on the banks of the Nile,

人类文明在尼罗河畔孕育，

some slaves, Jewish shepherds in this instance,

一些奴隶，那些犹太裔的牧羊人,

smelling of sheep shit, I guess,

他们浑身散发羊粪的味道吧，我想，

proclaimed to the Pharaoh, sitting high on his throne,

面对着坐在至尊王位上的法老宣称：

"We, your majesty-ness, are equal to you."

“吾皇，我们与您平等。”

And the Pharaoh replies, "Oh, no.

法老回答：“哦——不对！

You, your miserableness, have got to be kidding."

你们，你们这些可鄙的下人，在开玩笑吧。”

And they say, "No, no, that's what it says here

然后他们说：“不！不！

in our holy book."

您看，我们的圣经是如此说的。”

Cut to our century, same country, same pyramids,

现在回到我们这个世纪，同一个国家，同样的金字塔，

another people spreading the same idea

不同的人们正在散播着同样的关于平等的思想

of equality with a different book.

而根据的却是不同的书。

This time it's called the Facebook.

这一次的书，叫做脸书(Facebook)。

Crowds are gathered in Tahrir Square.

民众聚集在开罗塔利尔广场（Tahrir Square）上，

They turn a social network from virtual to actual,

将虚拟的社交网络转化为现实的行动，

and kind of rebooted the 21st century.

仿佛让21世纪重新诞生了一遍。

Not to undersell how messy and ugly

不必说我们低估了

the aftermath of the Arab Spring has been,

阿拉伯之春后接踵而来的混乱与丑陋，

neither to oversell the role of technology,

也不必说我们高估了科技在其中扮演的角色，

but these things have given a sense of what's possible

但这一切给我们带来了期许——

when the age-old model of power, the pyramid,

当古老的金字塔权利体系

gets turned upside down, putting the people on top

上下颠倒，将人民推到塔顶，

and the pharaohs of today on the bottom, as it were.

而将现代的法老们推到塔底。

It's also shown us that something as powerful

这同时也告诉我们，像咨讯和传媒这样强有力的东西

as information and the sharing of it can challenge inequality,

能够挑战不平等的制度，

because facts, like people,

因为真相就如同人民，

want to be free, and when they're free,

都希望不受约束，而当他们不受约束时，

liberty is usually around the corner,

普天之下皆是自由，

even for the poorest of the poor --

哪怕是最贫穷的穷人。

facts that can challenge cynicism

真相可以挑战犬儒主义，

and the apathy that leads to inertia,

以及冷漠所导致的惰性。

facts that tell us what's working and,

真相告诉我们什么可行，

more importantly, what's not, so we can fix it,

以及更重要的——什么不可行，于是我们可以去修正。

facts that if we hear them and heed them could help us

当我们用心去倾听真相，

meet the challenge that Nelson Mandela made

它将有助于我们去应对纳尔逊·曼德拉(Nelson Mandela 前南非总统)

back in 2005,

在2005年所提出的挑战。

when he asked us to be that great generation

他倡导我们成为伟大的一代，

that overcomes that most awful offense to humanity,

去矫正人类最丑陋的错误——

extreme poverty,

极度的贫穷。

facts that build a powerful momentum.

真相建立了一个强有力的气势。

So I thought, forget the rock opera,

所以我想，忘记摇滚乐吧，

forget the bombast, my usual tricks.

忘记我那些常用的夸夸其谈的摇滚伎俩。

The only thing singing today would be the facts,

今天我们只关注事实真相，

for I have truly embraced by inner nerd.

我就是这么单纯，一根筋。

So exit the rock star.

现在我不是摇滚巨星，

Enter the evidence-based activist, the factivist.

而是一个基于事实证据的激进主义者，真相运动者。

Because what the facts are telling us

因为真相告诉我们的是

is that the long, slow journey,

那个漫长而缓慢的旅程，

humanity's long, slow journey of equality,

人类追求平等的那个漫长而缓慢的旅程，

is actually speeding up.

实际正在加速。

Look at what's been achieved.

看看我们的成就。

Look at the pictures these data sets print.

看看这组数据图片。

Since the year 2000, since the turn of the millennium,

自2000年以来，自这个千禧年以来，

there are eight million more AIDS patients

世界上有超过八百万艾滋病患者

getting life-saving antiretroviral drugs.

正接受抗逆转录病毒的有效治疗。

Malaria: There are eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa

至于疟疾：在撒哈拉以南的非洲有八个国家

that have their death rates cut by 75 percent.

的死亡率下降了75%。

For kids under five, child mortality, kids under five,

五岁以下的儿童的死亡人数

it's down by 2.65 million a year.

每年下降了265万。

That's a rate of 7,256 children's lives saved each day.

这代表每天有7256名儿童被拯救。

Wow. Wow. (Applause)

哇！哇！（掌声）

Let's just stop for a second, actually, and think about that.

让我们先暂停下，说实话，咱想想，

Have you read anything anywhere in the last week

在过去的一周你有在任何地方读过任何消息

that is remotely as important as that number? Wow.

它的重要性能沾上这个数字的边吗？哇！

Great news. It drives me nuts

这是天大的好消息！然而让我抓狂的是

that most people don't seem to know this news.

大多数人似乎并不知道这个消息。

Seven thousand kids a day. Here's two of them.

每天，七千多名儿童。这里是其中的两位。

This is Michael and Benedicta,

这是Michael和Benedicta，

and they're alive thanks in large part

他们能活下来，很大程度上要归功于

to Dr. Patricia Asamoah -- she's amazing --

Patricia Asamoah医师——她真的很了不起！

and the Global Fund, which all of you financially support,

还有全球基金会（Global Fund），你们全都资助过它

whether you know it or not.

无论你们是否知道。

And the Global Fund provides antiretroviral drugs

全球基金会提供抗逆转录病毒的药物，

that stop mothers from passing HIV to their kids.

这个药物可以阻止母亲将携带的HIV病毒传给孩子。

This fantastic news didn't happen by itself.

这么神奇的事情不是自己发生的，

It was fought for, it was campaigned for,

而是斗争的结果，是运动的诉求，

it was innovated for.

是创新的目的。

And this great news gives birth to even more great news,

而这个好消息催生了更多的好消息，

because the historic trend is this.

因为这是历史发展的趋势所然。

The number of people living in back-breaking,

那些生活在筋骨劳累、心力憔悴的极度贫穷的人们

soul-crushing extreme poverty has declined

的数量已经下降

from 43 percent of the world's population in 1990

从1990年占世界人口的43%

to 33 percent by 2000

到2000年的33%

and then to 21 percent by 2010.

再到2010年的21%。

Give it up for that. (Applause)

来点掌声！（掌声）

Halved. Halved.

降低了一半！

Now, the rate is still too high -- still too many people

现在，这个比率仍然偏高，仍然有太多的人

unnecessarily losing their lives.

本不应失去生命。

There's still work to do.

我们仍然有很多工作要做。

But it's heart-stopping. It's mind-blowing stuff.

但这是令人激动的刻骨铭心的事。

And if you live on less than $1.25 a day,

尤其如果你每天靠不足1.25美金生存，

if you live in that kind of poverty,

如果你处于那样的贫穷，

this is not just data.

这就不仅仅是数据，

This is everything.

而是你的一切。

If you're a parent who wants the best for your kids -- and I am --

如果你是父母想让自己孩子拥有最好的一切——正如我

this rapid transition is a route out of despair and into hope.

那如今飞速的转变正是从绝望通往希望的道路。

And guess what? If the trajectory continues,

想想看，如果这个轨迹延伸下去......

look where the amount of people living on $1.25 a day

看看，那些每天生活消费1.25美金的人们

gets to by 2030.

到2030年 （图象显示为零）

Can't be true, can it?

这不可能吧？可能吗？

That's what the data is telling us. If the trajectory continues,

这正是数据告诉我们的。如果沿着这条道路继续走下去，

we get to, wow, the zero zone.

我们将会到达——哇！零的区域。

For number-crunchers like us,

对于像我们这种鼓捣数据的人来说，

that is the erogenous zone,

这是所谓的性感区域，

and it's fair to say that I am, by now,

现在，可以说，

sexually aroused by the collating of data.

鼓捣这些数据让我有了性冲动。

So virtual elimination of extreme poverty,

所以说在我们的模型里，极度贫困，

as defined by people living on less than $1.25 a day,

被定义为每天生活费1.25美元以下，

adjusted, of course, for inflation from a 1990 baseline.

当然这是指以1990年的水准为基线并进行通胀调整的。

We do love a good baseline.

我们当然喜欢好的基线。

That's amazing.

这太棒了！

Now I know that some of you think this progress

现在，我知道在座诸位中有人认为

is all in Asia or Latin America or

这样的进展只是发生在亚洲或是拉美

model countries like Brazil --

或是典范（model）国家比如巴西

and who doesn't love a Brazilian model? --

——谁不喜欢巴西的模特（model）呢？

but look at sub-Saharan Africa.

可是，看看撒哈拉以南的非洲。

There's a collection of 10 countries, some call them the lions,

这里有一系列的10个国家，有人称之为狮群，

who in the last decade have had a combination

它们在过去十年获得了

of 100 percent debt cancellation,

总计100%的债务取消，

a tripling of aid, a tenfold increase in FDI --

三倍的经济援助，以及增长了10倍的FDI

that's foreign direct investment --

——也就是境外直接投资，

which has unlocked a quadrupling of domestic resources -- that's local money --

这使得国内的资源，也就是当地的财富，翻了两番。

which, when spent wisely -- that's good governance --

当它们被妥善运用时，也就是良好的管理，

cut childhood mortality by a third,

让儿童死亡率减少了三分之一，

doubled education completion rates,

学业完成率翻番，

and they, too, halved extreme poverty,

同时，极度贫困人口减半，

and at this rate, these 10 get to zero too.

而照这样的速度，这10个国家也将到达零的区域。

So the pride of lions

所以，这些狮子的骄傲

is the proof of concept.

就是这个观念的的佐证。

There are all kinds of benefits to this.

这有各种各样的好处。

For a start, you won't have to listen

首先说，你们再也不用理会

to an insufferable little jumped-up Jesus like myself.

一个讨厌的上蹿下跳的耶稣，也就是我

How about that? (Applause)

这样可好？

And 2028, 2030? It's just around the corner.

那2028年，2030年呢？很快就要到了。

I mean, it's about three Rolling Stones farewell concerts away.

我是说，是大约再过三次滚石乐团的告别演唱会。

(Laughter) I hope. I'm hoping.

（笑声）我希望。我是这么希望的

Makes us look really young.

这样我们（U2乐队）看起来还很年轻。

So why aren't we jumping up and down about this?

那为什么我们并没有上蹿下跳地为之兴奋呢？

Well, the opportunity is real, but so is the jeopardy.

嗯，机会与危机并存。

We can't get this done until we really accept

我们无法完成这件事，

that we can get this done.

除非我们认为我们能够完成。

Look at this graph.

看看这个图表。

It's called inertia. It's how we screw it up.

这叫做惰性，就是我们如何搞砸这件事。

And the next one is really beautiful.

而下一个东西很美妙，

It's called momentum.

叫做态势。

And it's how we can bend the arc of history

就是我们如何扭转历史

down towards zero,

是它朝向零，

just doing the things that we know work.

只需去做那些我们知道有效的事情。

So inertia versus momentum.

所以说是惰性与态势的对抗。

There is jeopardy, and of course,

当然，这其中潜藏危机，

the closer you get, it gets harder.

而你靠得越近，危机越重。

We know the obstacles that are in our way

我们明白，前路充满险阻，

right now, in difficult times.

如今正是艰难的时刻。

In fact, today in your capital, in difficult times,

事实上，现今你们国家的首都，正是艰难的时刻，

some who mind the nation's purse want to cut

而那些看管国家金库的人

life-saving programs like the Global Fund.

想要削减像全球基金会这样的拯救生命的计划。

But you can do something about that.

但你们是能够对此行动起来的。

You can tell politicians

你们可以告诉那些政客

that these cuts [can cost] lives.

这样砍预算，付出的是许多生命的代价。

Right now today, in Oslo as it happens,

今天，就在现在，在奥斯陆（挪威首都）正在发生的

oil companies are fighting to keep secret

石油公司为了从发展中国家提取石油

their payments to governments

而向政府交钱

for extracting oil in developing countries.

它们正全力避免其行为曝光

You can do something about that too.

你们同样可以对此行动起来。

You can join the One Campaign,

你们可以加入One Campaign （一项国际慈善运动，主要针对艾滋援助和扶贫），

and leaders like Mo Ibrahim, the telecom entrepreneur.

加入像Mo Ibrahim（电信创业家）那样的领导者。

We're pushing for laws that make sure that at least some

我们正在推动一项法案，以确保

of the wealth under the ground

至少一部分“地下”的财富

ends up in the hands of the people living above it.

能够最终到达住在那土地之上的人民的手里。

And right now, we know

而现在，我们知道

that the biggest disease of all

在所有的疾病中最严重的

is not a disease. It's corruption.

并不是疾病，而是腐败。

But there's a vaccine for that too.

但这同样有疫苗可以预防。

It's called transparency, open data sets,

它叫做透明化，资讯公开化，

something the TED community is really on it.

这是TED社区所依赖所倡导的。

Daylight, you could call it, transparency.

在日光下，可以这么讲，透明化。

And technology is really turbocharging this.

而科技实实在在地使其飞速发展。

It's getting harder to hide if you're doing bad stuff.

越来越难隐藏那些见不得人的事。

So let me tell you about the U-report,

就让我来给各位介绍U-report

which I'm really excited about. It's 150,000 millennials

这是让我振奋的东西。它是由15万青年人

all across Uganda, young people

遍布乌干达的年轻人

armed with 2G phones, an SMS social network

用2G手机组成的短信社区网络

exposing government corruption

用来揭发政府的腐败，

and demanding to know what's in the budget

以及用来要求公开预算内容

and how their money is being spent.

和经费开支。

This is exciting stuff.

这是振奋人心的东西。

Look, once you have these tools,

看，一旦你拥有了这样一些工具，

you can't not use them.

你没法不去运用。

Once you have this knowledge, you can't un-know it.

而当你有了这些知识，你没法忘记。

You can't delete this data from your brain,

你不能删除你脑海中的记忆，

but you can delete the cliched image

但你可以删除那些成为历史的景象

of supplicant, impoverished peoples

那些屈从、贫穷的人们

not taking control of their own lives.

无法掌控自己的人生。

You can erase that, you really can,

你可以抹掉这些，你真的可以，

because it's not true anymore. (Applause)

因为这不再是事实了。（掌声）

It's transformational.

这是革命性的。

2030? By 2030, robots,

2030年？到了2030年，

not just serving us Guinness, but drinking it.

机器人不再是只为我们端来健力士（爱尔兰黑啤酒），而是自己能享用。

By the time we get there,

到了那个时候，

every place with a rough semblance of governance

世界各地那些如今还不成熟的政权

might actually be on their way.

可能也将步入正轨。

So I'm here to -- I guess we're here

所以今天我来到这里，我想应该说是我们来到这里

to try and infect you with this virtuous, data-based virus,

是为了试着用这个美好的基于数据的“病毒”来感染你们，

the one we call factivism.

我们称它为真相运动主义。

It's not going to kill you.

这病毒并不会致你于死地。

In fact, it could save countless lives.

事实上，它会拯救无数的生命。

I guess we in the One Campaign would love you

我想我们，One Campaign运动参与者，会热切希望你

to be contagious, spread it, share it, pass it on.

具有感染力，扩散它，分享它，传播它。

By doing so, you will join us and countless others

通过这样，你会加入我们以及其他数不清的人

in what I truly believe is the greatest adventure ever taken,

加入到一场我相信是史上最大的历险，

the ever-demanding journey of equality.

这个旅行是为了追逐从未如此渴求的平等。

Could we really be the great generation

我们能成为一个曼德拉所号召的

that Mandela asked us to be?

伟大的一代吗？

Might we answer that clarion call with science,

希望我们用来吹响号角的，是科学，

with reason, with facts,

是理性，是真相，

and, dare I say it, emotions?

以及，我敢说，情感。

Because as is obvious, factivists have feelings too.

因为，显而易见，真相运动者也是感性的。

I'm thinking of Wael Ghonim, though.

我在想威尔·戈宁（Wael Ghonim 埃及互联网行动主义者）。

Some of you know him. He set up one of the Facebook groups

你们有人知道他。他建立了一个脸书团体

behind the Tahrir Square in Cairo.

是开罗塔利尔广场事件背后的组织。

He got thrown in jail for it,

为此，他被扔进监狱里，

but I have his words tattooed on my brain.

但他的话深深铭刻在我的脑海中。

"We are going to win because we don't understand politics.

“我们终将赢得胜利，因为我们不懂得政治。

We are going to win because we don't play their dirty games.

我们终将赢得胜利，因为我们不同流合污。

We are going to win because we don't have a party political agenda.

我们终将赢得胜利，因为我们没有党政议程。

We are going to win because the tears

我们终将赢得胜利，因为

that come from our eyes actually come from our hearts.

我们眼里的泪水来源于我们内心。

We are going to win because we have dreams,

我们终将赢得胜利，因为我们拥有梦想，

and we're willing to stand up for those dreams."

并且甘愿为梦想挺身而出。”

Wael is right.

Wael是正确的。

We're going to win

我们终将赢得胜利，

if we work together as one,

只要我们齐心协力，

because the power of the people

因为 人民的力量

is so much stronger than the people in power.

远比掌握权利的人 更强大

Thank you.

谢谢！

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you so much. (Applause)

非常感谢！（掌声）