Bono: The good news on poverty (Yes, there's good news)

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Jui-Hsin Chen 審譯者: Cho Lena

Chris Anderson asked me if I could put the last 25 years

Chris Anderson(作家，以長尾理論著名) 詢問我是否可以將過去25年來

of anti-poverty campaigning into 10 minutes for TED.

對抗貧窮的運動濃縮成10分鐘的TED講座。

That's an Englishman asking an Irishman to be succinct.

一個英國人竟然要求一個愛爾蘭人長話短說。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I said, "Chris, that would take a miracle."

我說 : " Chris啊，除非有奇蹟發生 。"

He said, "Bono, wouldn't that be a good use of your messianic complex?"

他說 : " BONO，這不是一個展現你彌賽亞情結的好時機嗎? "

So, yeah.

所以，我來了。

Then I thought, let's go even further than 25 years.

然後我又想，讓我們把涵蓋的時空超越25年吧。

Let's go back before Christ, three millennia,

讓我們回到基督誕生以前，也就是三千年以前，

to a time when, at least in my head, the journey for justice,

回到那個，我心目中正義的腳步

the march against inequality and poverty really began.

和對抗不公平及貧困的正要啟程的時代。

Three thousand years ago,

三千年以前，

civilization just getting started on the banks of the Nile,

文明正要開始在尼羅河畔孕育，

some slaves, Jewish shepherds in this instance,

某些奴隸，以猶太裔的牧羊人為例，

smelling of sheep shit, I guess,

我想他們渾身都是羊糞的味道吧，

proclaimed to the Pharaoh, sitting high on his throne,

對著坐在至高王位上的法老宣稱 :

"We, your majesty-ness, are equal to you."

‘ 吾皇，我們的地位是和你一樣的 ’

And the Pharaoh replies, "Oh, no.

然後法老回說 " 喔，你們錯了 "

You, your miserableness, have got to be kidding."

"你，你們這些可悲的下人，一定是在開玩笑吧。"

And they say, "No, no, that's what it says here

然後他們就說了 " 不!不! 根據我們的聖書所說，

in our holy book."

事實就是如此。 "

Cut to our century, same country, same pyramids,

場景切到我們這個世紀，同一個國家，同一個金字塔，

another people spreading the same idea

不同的人們正在散播同樣關於平等的思想

of equality with a different book.

而這次根據的是不同的書。

This time it's called the Facebook.

這一次的書，叫做臉書。

Crowds are gathered in Tahrir Square.

群眾聚集在解放廣場上，

They turn a social network from virtual to actual,

他們將虛擬的社交網路轉化為實際的行動，

and kind of rebooted the 21st century.

這好像是在為21世紀重開機一樣。

Not to undersell how messy and ugly

先不說前陣子的阿拉伯之春過後，

the aftermath of the Arab Spring has been,

我們低估了接踵而來的混亂和醜陋，

neither to oversell the role of technology,

更不用說我們高估了科技在其中扮演的角色，

but these things have given a sense of what's possible

但這些事給了我們希望，

when the age-old model of power, the pyramid,

當老邁的金字塔權力體系，

gets turned upside down, putting the people on top

由上而下反轉過來，把人民拉到塔頂，

and the pharaohs of today on the bottom, as it were.

然後現代法老們被丟到底端去。

It's also shown us that something as powerful

這同時也告訴我們，像資訊以及傳播

as information and the sharing of it can challenge inequality,

這樣強而有力的東西，可以挑戰不平等的體制。

because facts, like people,

因為"真相"，就像人民，

want to be free, and when they're free,

都希望不受拘束，而當他們不受到限制時，

liberty is usually around the corner,

目光所及之處，皆是自由，

even for the poorest of the poor --

就連最窮的窮人也是如此。

facts that can challenge cynicism

真相可以對犬儒主義

and the apathy that leads to inertia,

和冷漠所導致的惰性提出質疑，

facts that tell us what's working and,

真相告訴我們什麼是可行的，而且

more importantly, what's not, so we can fix it,

更重要的是，什麼是不可行的，所以我們可以去修正它，

facts that if we hear them and heed them could help us

如果我們傾聽並關心真相時，它是有助於我們

meet the challenge that Nelson Mandela made

去應對納尓遜·曼德拉 (前南非總統)在2005年

back in 2005,

所提出的挑戰。

when he asked us to be that great generation

當他請求我們成為一個偉大的世代，

that overcomes that most awful offense to humanity,

去糾正人類最糟糕的錯誤，

extreme poverty,

也就是極端的貧窮，

facts that build a powerful momentum.

真相建立了一個強而有力的態勢。

So I thought, forget the rock opera,

所以我就想，忘了搖滾歌劇吧

forget the bombast, my usual tricks.

忘了我過去所發下的豪語吧。

The only thing singing today would be the facts,

真相，是現今唯一能放聲歌唱的，

for I have truly embraced by inner nerd.

因為我被內心的純真環繞著。

So exit the rock star.

自此，我已不再是搖滾巨星。

Enter the evidence-based activist, the factivist.

我轉變成以證據為基礎的社會運動份子，也就是真相運動者。

Because what the facts are telling us

因為真相告訴我們的

is that the long, slow journey,

是那又長又慢的路程，

humanity's long, slow journey of equality,

人類通往平等那又長又慢的路程，

is actually speeding up.

實際上正在加快腳步。

Look at what's been achieved.

看看我們已經達成了什麼。

Look at the pictures these data sets print.

看看這組資料所展現的圖片。

Since the year 2000, since the turn of the millennium,

自從公元2000年以來，自從這個千禧年以來，

there are eight million more AIDS patients

世界上多了八百萬個接受高效抗逆轉錄病毒療法

getting life-saving antiretroviral drugs.

的愛滋病患者。

Malaria: There are eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa

瘧疾 : 在非洲撒哈拉南邊八個國家

that have their death rates cut by 75 percent.

的死亡率已經下降了75%。

For kids under five, child mortality, kids under five,

五歲以下的小孩死亡人數，五歲以下的小孩，

it's down by 2.65 million a year.

每年的數目已下降了265萬人次。

That's a rate of 7,256 children's lives saved each day.

這代表每天有7,256個幼童被拯救。

Wow. Wow. (Applause)

(掌聲)

Let's just stop for a second, actually, and think about that.

讓我們先暫停一下，說真的，然後想一想

Have you read anything anywhere in the last week

在過去的一週以來，你有在任何地方看到任何事，

that is remotely as important as that number? Wow.

它的重要性能沾上這個數字的邊的嗎?

Great news. It drives me nuts

這是天大的好消息。讓我抓狂的是

that most people don't seem to know this news.

絕大多數的人似乎不知道這個消息。

Seven thousand kids a day. Here's two of them.

每天有超過七千個小孩存活。這裡是其中的兩位。

This is Michael and Benedicta,

這是Michael 和 Benedicta，

and they're alive thanks in large part

他們能活下來的主要原因，

to Dr. Patricia Asamoah -- she's amazing --

要感謝醫生 Patricia Asamoah ，她真的很了不起，

and the Global Fund, which all of you financially support,

還有Global Fund, 你們全都資助過它，

whether you know it or not.

不論是有意還是無意。

And the Global Fund provides antiretroviral drugs

Global Fund 提供了抗逆轉錄病毒的藥，

that stop mothers from passing HIV to their kids.

這可以阻止擁有HIV的母親把病毒傳給小孩。

This fantastic news didn't happen by itself.

這樣神奇的事不是無來由的自己發生的，

It was fought for, it was campaigned for,

它是被爭取來的，它是社會運動的訴求，

it was innovated for.

它是科技創新的目的。

And this great news gives birth to even more great news,

而這個好消息催生了更多的好消息，

because the historic trend is this.

因為歷史的潮流是如此的。

The number of people living in back-breaking,

生活在那勞筋苦骨、心力交瘁

soul-crushing extreme poverty has declined

的極端貧窮的人數已經下降了，

from 43 percent of the world's population in 1990

從1990年佔全球人口的百分之43，

to 33 percent by 2000

到2000年的百分之33，

and then to 21 percent by 2010.

再到2010年的百分之21。

Give it up for that. (Applause)

掌聲鼓勵一下

Halved. Halved.

只剩一半，只剩一半。

Now, the rate is still too high -- still too many people

現今，這比率還是徧高，還是有太多的人

unnecessarily losing their lives.

不必要的喪失了他們的生命。

There's still work to do.

還有許多工作要去完成。

But it's heart-stopping. It's mind-blowing stuff.

但這是令人心碎。令人刻骨銘心的事。

And if you live on less than $1.25 a day,

如果你每天生活的總花費少於1.25美金，

if you live in that kind of poverty,

如果你生活在那樣貧困的環境，

this is not just data.

這就不只單單是一個數據而已。

This is everything.

這是你生命的所有。

If you're a parent who wants the best for your kids -- and I am --

如果你是那種想要把最好的都留給孩子的父母，而我也是其中一員

this rapid transition is a route out of despair and into hope.

那這項快速的過渡時期是將絕望帶往希望的道路

And guess what? If the trajectory continues,

猜猜看，如果這條道路繼續延伸下去，

look where the amount of people living on $1.25 a day

那麼那些每天生活費只有1.25美金的人

gets to by 2030.

到2030年會變成多少呢?

Can't be true, can it?

這不可能吧?可能嗎? (簡報顯示為零)

That's what the data is telling us. If the trajectory continues,

這是數據告訴我們的。如果這條道路有持續走下去的話

we get to, wow, the zero zone.

我們會達到，哇，零的區域。

For number-crunchers like us,

對於像我們這樣的數據統計人員來說，

that is the erogenous zone,

這是非常性感的區域，

and it's fair to say that I am, by now,

現在來說，這樣子的整理數據

sexually aroused by the collating of data.

讓我的性慾都被激起了。

So virtual elimination of extreme poverty,

所以虛擬的消除這些生活費在每天1.25美元以下

as defined by people living on less than $1.25 a day,

極端貧窮的人，

adjusted, of course, for inflation from a 1990 baseline.

是有被調整過的，理所當然的，是從1990為基準線的通貨膨脹所致。

We do love a good baseline.

我們當然喜歡基準線

That's amazing.

多麼的驚人

Now I know that some of you think this progress

現在，我知道你們其中一些人覺得這樣的進展

is all in Asia or Latin America or

只發生在亞洲或拉丁美洲

model countries like Brazil --

或模範(model)國家像是巴西，

and who doesn't love a Brazilian model? --

而有誰不喜歡巴西的模特兒(model)呢?

but look at sub-Saharan Africa.

但看看非洲薩哈拉南邊。

There's a collection of 10 countries, some call them the lions,

這裡有10個一系列的國家，某些人稱呼它們為獅子群，

who in the last decade have had a combination

它們在過去的十年來得到了

of 100 percent debt cancellation,

加起來是百分之百的債務取消，

a tripling of aid, a tenfold increase in FDI --

獲得三倍的援助，和增加十倍的FDI

that's foreign direct investment --

也就是境外直接投資。

which has unlocked a quadrupling of domestic resources -- that's local money --

這讓國內的資源，也就是當地貨幣，翻了兩翻。

which, when spent wisely -- that's good governance --

當它們被妥善運用時，也就是良好的管理，

cut childhood mortality by a third,

讓小孩的死亡率減少了三分之一，

doubled education completion rates,

學業完成率也增加了變成兩倍，

and they, too, halved extreme poverty,

他們同時也將極端貧窮人口減半了。

and at this rate, these 10 get to zero too.

而在這樣的速率下，這十個國家也將到達零的領域。

So the pride of lions

這些獅子的驕傲

is the proof of concept.

就是這概念最好的佐證。

There are all kinds of benefits to this.

而這樣子會有各式各樣的好處。

For a start, you won't have to listen

我來舉個例子，你們再也不用

to an insufferable little jumped-up Jesus like myself.

去理會一個像學耶穌跳躍且難以忍受的人，也就是本人我。

How about that? (Applause)

這樣如何? (掌聲)

And 2028, 2030? It's just around the corner.

那2028，2030年呢? 它們很快就會來了。

I mean, it's about three Rolling Stones farewell concerts away.

我的意思是，那大概是再三次的滾石樂團再見演唱會之後。

(Laughter) I hope. I'm hoping.

(笑聲) 我希望。我也這麼希望。

Makes us look really young.

這會讓我們看起來都很年輕。

So why aren't we jumping up and down about this?

那為什麼我們並沒有很興奮地期待這件事呢?

Well, the opportunity is real, but so is the jeopardy.

這麼說好了，機會是存在的，但危機也潛藏在之中。

We can't get this done until we really accept

我們在承認可以做到這件事之前，

that we can get this done.

我們無法完成這件事。

Look at this graph.

看看這個圖表。

It's called inertia. It's how we screw it up.

這叫做惰性。這就是我們如何搞砸這件事的。

And the next one is really beautiful.

而下一個東西真的很美妙

It's called momentum.

它叫做態勢。

And it's how we can bend the arc of history

這是讓我們能夠扭轉歷史

down towards zero,

使它朝向零的領域的原因。

just doing the things that we know work.

只要去做那些我們知道有效的事就行了。

So inertia versus momentum.

惰性對抗態勢。

There is jeopardy, and of course,

其中潛藏著危機，當然，

the closer you get, it gets harder.

你靠得越近舊傷得越重。

We know the obstacles that are in our way

我們知道目前阻擋在我們前面的阻礙，

right now, in difficult times.

而這是艱難的時刻。

In fact, today in your capital, in difficult times,

事實上，你們國家的首都，正處於艱難的時刻，

some who mind the nation's purse want to cut

其中某些看管國家金庫的人，

life-saving programs like the Global Fund.

想要刪減像是Global Fund這樣拯救生命的計畫。

But you can do something about that.

但你們可以為此做些甚麼。

You can tell politicians

你可以告訴那些政治人物，

that these cuts [can cost] lives.

這樣砍預算的同時也砍了許多生命。

Right now today, in Oslo as it happens,

今日，就在現在，在挪威的奧斯陸正在發生，

oil companies are fighting to keep secret

石油公司為了不讓當地政府

their payments to governments

知道它們從開發中國家提取石油時

for extracting oil in developing countries.

所付出的資金而在抵抗著。

You can do something about that too.

你也可以為這件事做些甚麼。

You can join the One Campaign,

你可以參加其中一場抗爭，

and leaders like Mo Ibrahim, the telecom entrepreneur.

像加入Mo Ibrahim 這樣的領導者，同時也是電信公司企業家。

We're pushing for laws that make sure that at least some

我們正在推動一個法案，以確保

of the wealth under the ground

至少讓土地下的財富，

ends up in the hands of the people living above it.

能夠到達住在該片土地上的人手上。

And right now, we know

而現在，我們知道

that the biggest disease of all

在所有疾病之中，最嚴重的，

is not a disease. It's corruption.

並不是疾病。而是腐敗。

But there's a vaccine for that too.

但這同樣也是有疫苗可以預防的。

It's called transparency, open data sets,

這疫苗叫做透明化，資訊公開化。

something the TED community is really on it.

這在TED社群裡面已經有某部分在運作中了。

Daylight, you could call it, transparency.

陽光，你也可以如此稱乎它，和透明是一樣的。

And technology is really turbocharging this.

而科技也讓這項工作極速發展。

It's getting harder to hide if you're doing bad stuff.

隱藏見不得人的事會變得越來越難。

So let me tell you about the U-report,

所以，讓我來為大家介紹U-report，

which I'm really excited about. It's 150,000 millennials

這是讓我非常興奮的一個東西。他是橫跨烏干達

all across Uganda, young people

，由150,000個年輕人

armed with 2G phones, an SMS social network

用2G手機組成的簡訊社群聯絡網，

exposing government corruption

用來揭發政府的腐敗，

and demanding to know what's in the budget

以及用來要求公開預算內容

and how their money is being spent.

和他們的錢是怎樣被花掉的。

This is exciting stuff.

這是一個很令人興奮的東西。

Look, once you have these tools,

想想看，當你擁有了這些工具後，

you can't not use them.

你沒有辦法不去用它們。

Once you have this knowledge, you can't un-know it.

當你擁有了這些知識後，你沒辦法忘記它們。

You can't delete this data from your brain,

你不能刪除在你腦海中的記憶，

but you can delete the cliched image

但你可以刪除掉那些將成為過去的景象

of supplicant, impoverished peoples

像是貧窮和乞求的人們，

not taking control of their own lives.

他們沒有辦法掌握自己的人生。

You can erase that, you really can,

你可以抺除掉這些，你真的可以，

because it's not true anymore. (Applause)

因為這些將不再是存在這世上的真相了。(掌聲)

It's transformational.

這就叫做轉型。

2030? By 2030, robots,

2030年? 到了2030年，機器人的功能

not just serving us Guinness, but drinking it.

不再只為我們服侍健力士(愛爾蘭黑啤酒) ，同時也能夠飲用。

By the time we get there,

當我們到了那個時代的時候，

every place with a rough semblance of governance

世界各地上每個還不成熟的政權

might actually be on their way.

可能已經步上正軌了。

So I'm here to -- I guess we're here

所以我今天來到這裡，我想應該是我們來到這裡，

to try and infect you with this virtuous, data-based virus,

試著要用這個用資料組成的，善的病毒，來感染你們，

the one we call factivism.

我們稱呼它為真相運動者。

It's not going to kill you.

這病毒不會致你於死地。

In fact, it could save countless lives.

事實上，它可以拯救無數的生命。

I guess we in the One Campaign would love you

我想我們處在一個恨不得你

to be contagious, spread it, share it, pass it on.

變得極具傳染性的抗爭中，散播它，分享它，將它傳給別人。

By doing so, you will join us and countless others

藉此，你會加入我們和數不清的人

in what I truly believe is the greatest adventure ever taken,

參與一場我相信是史上最偉大的一場冒險，

the ever-demanding journey of equality.

為了從未這麼被需要的平等，而啟動的旅程。

Could we really be the great generation

我們能夠成為一個偉大的世代嗎?

that Mandela asked us to be?

就如同曼德拉 請求的那樣?

Might we answer that clarion call with science,

希望我們吹響的號角裡包含了科技、

with reason, with facts,

理性、真相

and, dare I say it, emotions?

以及，我敢說，感性，來回答這個問題。

Because as is obvious, factivists have feelings too.

因為，很顯然的，真相運動者也是有感情的。

I'm thinking of Wael Ghonim, though.

我想到的是Wael Ghonim這號人物。

Some of you know him. He set up one of the Facebook groups

你們有些人可能知道他，他發起了其中一個Facebook團體，

behind the Tahrir Square in Cairo.

因此造成了開羅解放廣場上的事件。

He got thrown in jail for it,

他被丟到了監獄裡去，

but I have his words tattooed on my brain.

但他所說的話就烙印在我腦海裡。

"We are going to win because we don't understand politics.

" 我們最終會獲得勝利，因為我們不瞭解政治。

We are going to win because we don't play their dirty games.

我們最終會贏得勝利，因為我們不同流合污，

We are going to win because we don't have a party political agenda.

我們最終會取得勝利，因為我們沒有政黨政治的議程。

We are going to win because the tears

我們最終會取得勝利，因為從我們眼中

that come from our eyes actually come from our hearts.

的淚水是從我們的良心流下來的。

We are going to win because we have dreams,

我們最終會勝利，因為我們有夢想，

and we're willing to stand up for those dreams."

而且我們會為了夢想而站出來。"

Wael is right.

Wael 是對的。

We're going to win

我們會嚐到勝利的果實，

if we work together as one,

如果我們同心協力，

because the power of the people

因為人民的權力

is so much stronger than the people in power.

比目前掌握權力的人要大得多了。

Thank you.

謝謝你們。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you so much. (Applause)

非常感謝。(掌聲)