Charles Leadbeater: Education innovation in the slums

Prevodilac: Jelena Katic Lektor: Ivana Korom

It's a great pleasure to be here.

Veliko mi je zadovoljstvo da budem ovde.

It's a great pleasure to speak after

Veliko mi je zadovoljstvo da govorim nakon

Brian Cox from CERN.

Brajana Koksa iz CERN-a.

I think CERN is the home

Čini mi se da je CERN dom

of the Large Hadron Collider.

Velikog hadronskog kolajdera.

What ever happened to the Small Hadron Collider?

Ali šta se desilo sa Malim hadronskim kolajderom?

Where is the Small Hadron Collider?

Gde je Mali hadronski kolajder?

Because the Small Hadron Collider once was the big thing.

Jer Mali hadronski kolajder je nekad bio u trendu.

Now, the Small Hadron Collider

A sada, Mali hadronski kolajder

is in a cupboard, overlooked and neglected.

leži na nekoj polici, neprimećen i zanemaren.

You know when the Large Hadron Collider started,

Sećate se kada je Veliki hadronski kolajder počeo s radom,

and it didn't work, and people tried to work out why,

pa se pokvario i mnogi su se pitali zašto,

it was the Small Hadron Collider team

bio je to tim naučnika Malog hadronskog kolajdera

who sabotaged it

koji ga je sabotirao

because they were so jealous.

jer su bili ljubomorni.

The whole Hadron Collider family

Celoj porodici hadronskog kolajdera

needs unlocking.

bi dobro došla terapija.

The lesson of Brian's presentation, in a way --

Pouka Brajanove prezentacije, na izvestan način --

all those fantastic pictures --

sve te fantastične slike --

is this really:

je u stvari sledeća:

that vantage point determines everything that you see.

da širina perspektive određuje sve što vidite.

What Brian was saying was

Brajan je hteo da kaže

science has opened up successively different vantage points

da je nauka postepeno otvorila različite perspektive

from which we can see ourselves,

sa kojih možemo sebe da posmatramo.

and that's why it's so valuable.

I u tome leži njen značaj.

So the vantage point you take

Dakle, perspektiva iz koje posmatrate

determines virtually everything that you will see.

određuje praktično sve što ćete videti.

The question that you will ask

Pitanje koje postavljamo

will determine much of the answer that you get.

određuje veći deo odgovora koji dobijamo.

And so if you ask this question:

I tako, ako postavimo pitanje:

Where would you look to see the future of education?

Gde gledati da bismo videli budućnost obrazovanja?

The answer that we've traditionally given to that

Odgovor koji nam se tradicionalno daje,

is very straightforward, at least in the last 20 years:

ili bar u poslednjih 20 godina, je vrlo jednostavan.

You go to Finland.

Idite u Finsku.

Finland is the best place in the world to see school systems.

Finska ima najbolji obrazovni sistem na svetu.

The Finns may be a bit boring and depressive and there's a very high suicide rate,

Finci mogu biti pomalo dosadni i depresivni i sa visokom stopom samoubistava,

but by golly, they are qualified.

ali, sveca mu, imaju kvalifikacije.

And they have absolutely amazing education systems.

I oni zaista imaju apsolutno zadivljujući sistem obrazovanja.

So we all troop off to Finland,

I tako svi odmarširamo do Finske,

and we wonder at the social democratic miracle of Finland

i onda se divimo njihovom socio-demokratskom čudu

and its cultural homogeneity and all the rest of it,

njihovoj kulturalnoj homogenosti i svemu ostalom,

and then we struggle to imagine how we might

i onda imamo muke da zamislimo kako da te

bring lessons back.

lekcije primenimo kod kuće.

Well, so, for this last year,

Tako da sam, u poslednjih godinu dana,

with the help of Cisco who sponsored me,

uz pomoć Cisco kompanije, koja me je, iz nekog šašavog

for some balmy reason, to do this,

razloga, sponzorisala da to učinim,

I've been looking somewhere else.

tražio odgovor na drugim mestima.

Because actually radical innovation does sometimes

Radikalna inovacija zaista ponekad može da

come from the very best,

dođe od najboljih,

but it often comes from places

ali ona često dolazi i iz sredina

where you have huge need --

gde postoji velika potreba,

unmet, latent demand --

neispunjena, skrivena potreba

and not enough resources for traditional solutions to work --

i nedovoljni resursi da bi se primenila tradicionalna rešenja --

traditional, high-cost solutions,

tradicionalna skupa rešenja

which depend on professionals,

koja zavise od profesionalnih ustanova,

which is what schools and hospitals are.

kao što su škole i bolnice.

So I ended up in places like this.

Tako sam se našao na mestima kao što su ova.

This is a place called Monkey Hill.

Ovo je Manki Hil.

It's one of the hundreds of favelas in Rio.

Jedno od stotina sirotinjskih naselja, favela u Riju.

Most of the population growth of the next 50 years

Najveći deo rasta populacije u sledećih 50 godina

will be in cities.

odvijaće se u gradovima.

We'll grow by six cities of 12 million people a year

Svetska populacija će svake godine rasti za po šest gradova sa 12 miliona stanovnika

for the next 30 years.

i tako narednih 30 godina.

Almost all of that growth will be in the developed world.

Skoro sav taj rast će se dešavati u razvijenom svetu.

Almost all of that growth will be

Ali on će se uglavnom dešavati

in places like Monkey Hill.

na mestima kao što je Manki Hil.

This is where you'll find the fastest growing

Ovo su mesta gde ćete videti najbrže rastuću

young populations of the world.

populaciju mladih u svetu.

So if you want recipes to work --

Znači, ako želite recept koji funkcioniše --

for virtually anything -- health, education,

u bilo kojoj oblasti -- zdravstvo, obrazovanje,

government politics

državna politika

and education --

i školstvo --

you have to go to these places.

morate da idete na ovakva mesta.

And if you go to these places, you meet people like this.

I ako odete na ta mesta, upoznaćete ljude kao ove.

This is a guy called Juanderson.

Ovo je momak pod imenom Huanderson.

At the age of 14,

Sa 14 godina,

in common with many 14-year-olds in the Brazilian education system,

slično kao i mnogi 14-ogodišnjaci u brazilskom sistemu obrazovanja,

he dropped out of school.

napustio je školu.

It was boring.

Bila je dosadna.

And Juanderson, instead, went into

I Huanderson je umesto toga, krenuo u

what provided kind of opportunity and hope

ono što obezbeđuje vrstu životne prilike i nade,

in the place that he lived, which was the drugs trade.

u mestu u kojem je živeo, a to je - trgovina drogom.

And by the age of 16, with rapid promotion,

I do svoje šesnaeste godine, uz brzo napredovanje,

he was running the drugs trade in 10 favelas.

nadgledao je trgovinu drogom u 10 favela.

He was turning over 200,000 dollars a week.

Obrt mu je iznosio 200 hiljada dolara nedeljno.

He employed 200 people.

Zapošljavao je 200 ljudi.

He was going to be dead by the age of 25.

I bio bi mrtav pre svoje 25. godine.

And luckily, he met this guy,

Srećom, upoznao je ovog momka,

who is Rodrigo Baggio,

pod imenom Rodrigo Bađio,

the owner of the first laptop to ever appear in Brazil.

vlasnika prvog laptopa ikad u Brazilu.

1994, Rodrigo started something

1994. godine, Rodrigo je započeo nešto

called CDI,

što se zvalo CDI,

which took computers

projekat koji je kompjutere,

donated by corporations,

dobijene donacijom od korporacija,

put them into community centers in favelas

postavljao u mesnim zajednicama naselja

and created places like this.

I stvarao mesta kao što je ovo.

What turned Juanderson around

Ono što je preobratilo Huandersona

was technology for learning

bila je tehnologija koja je učenje

that made learning fun and accessible.

učinila zabavnim i pristupačnim.

Or you can go to places like this.

Ili možete otići na mesta kao što je ovo.

This is Kibera, which is the largest slum in East Africa.

Ovo je Kibera, koja je najveća sirotinjska naseobina u istočnoj Africi.

Millions of people living here,

Ovde žive milioni ljudi,

stretched over many kilometers.

naselje se prostire kilometrima.

And there I met these two,

I tamo sam upoznao ove dve devojke,

Azra on the left, Maureen on the right.

Azra je s leve strane, Morin sa desne.

They just finished their Kenyan certificate

One su upravo dobile kenijsku potvrdu

of secondary education.

o završenom srednjem obrazovanju (CSE).

That name should tell you that the Kenyan education system

Ovo ime vam govori da kenijski sistem obrazovanja

borrows almost everything

pozajmljuje gotovo sve

from Britain, circa 1950,

od Britanskog sistema, cca 1950. godine,

but has managed to make it even worse.

s tim što je uspeo da ga načini još gorim.

So there are schools in slums like this.

Dakle, postoje škole u mestima kao što je ovo.

They're places like this.

One izgledaju ovako.

That's where Maureen went to school.

Tu je Morin išla u školu.

They're private schools. There are no state schools in slums.

To su privatne škole. Državnih škola nema u karton-naseljima.

And the education they got was pitiful.

Obrazovanje koje su tu dobile bilo je jadno.

It was in places like this. This a school set up by some nuns

Na mestima kao što je ovo. Ovu školu su osnovale neke kaluđerice

in another slum called Nakuru.

u drugom divljem naselju pod imenom Nakuru.

Half the children in this classroom have no parents

Polovina dece u ovom razredu nema roditelje

because they've died through AIDS.

jer su umrli od AIDS-a.

The other half have one parent

Druga polovina ima samo jednog roditelja

because the other parent has died through AIDS.

jer je drugi takođe umro od AIDS-a.

So the challenges of education

Dakle, izazovi školstva

in this kind of place

na ovakvim mestima

are not to learn the kings and queens of Kenya or Britain.

nisu u tome kako obrazovati kraljeve i kraljice Kenije ili Britanije.

They are to stay alive, to earn a living,

Već kako da opstanu, kako da zarade za život,

to not become HIV positive.

kako da ne postanu HIV pozitivni.

The one technology that spans rich and poor

Tehnologija dostupna i bogatima i siromašnima

in places like this

na mestima kao što je ovo

is not anything to do with industrial technology.

nema nikakve veze sa industrijskom tehnologijom.

It's not to do with electricity or water.

Niti ima veze sa strujom ili vodom.

It's the mobile phone.

To je mobilni telefon.

If you want to design from scratch

Ukoliko želite da od nule pokrenete

virtually any service in Africa,

bilo koju uslugu u Africi,

you would start now with the mobile phone.

danas ćete započeti sa mobilnim telefonom.

Or you could go to places like this.

Ili možete otići u mesto kao što je ovo.

This is a place called the Madangiri Settlement Colony,

Zove se Madandžiri kolonija,

which is a very developed slum

koja je veoma razvijeno divlje naselje

about 25 minutes outside New Delhi,

na 25 minuta od Nju Delhija,

where I met these characters

gde sam susreo ove devojke,

who showed me around for the day.

moje vodiče u obilasku tog kraja.

The remarkable thing about these girls,

Izvanredna stvar o ovim devojkama,

and the sign of the kind of social revolution

i znak svojevrsne društvene revolucije,

sweeping through the developing world

koja je zahvatila sve zemlja u razvoju,

is that these girls are not married.

je da ove devojke nisu udate.

Ten years ago, they certainly would have been married.

Pre 10 godina, one bi već sigurno bile udate.

Now they're not married, and they want to go on

Danas one nisu udate i žele da nastave svoje

to study further, to have a career.

školovanje, da imaju karijeru.

They've been brought up by mothers who are illiterate,

Njih su podigle majke koje su nepismene,

who have never ever done homework.

koje nikada nisu radile domaće zadatke.

All across the developing world there are millions of parents --

Širom zemalja u razvoju, postoje milioni roditelja,

tens, hundreds of millions --

na desetine, stotine miliona,

who for the first time

koji po prvi put

are with children doing homework and exams.

imaju decu koja rade domaće zadatke i testove.

And the reason they carry on studying

Razlog zbog kojeg one nastavljaju da uče,

is not because they went to a school like this.

nije zato što su išle u školu kao što je ova.

This is a private school.

Ovo je privatna škola.

This is a fee-pay school. This is a good school.

Ovo je škola koja se plaća. Ovo je dobra škola.

This is the best you can get

Ovo je najbolje što možete dobiti od indijskog obrazovnog sistema

in Hyderabad in Indian education.

u Hajderabadu.

The reason they went on studying was this.

Razlog što su one nastavile sa obrazovanjem je sledeći.

This is a computer installed in the entrance to their slum

Ovo je kompjuter, postavljen na ulasku u njihovo naselje.

by a revolutionary social entrepreneur

Postavio ga je revolucionarni društveni preduzetnik

called Sugata Mitra

pod imenom Sugata Mitra

who has conducted the most radical experiments,

koji je usvojio najradikalniji pristup,

showing that children, in the right conditions,

dokazujući da deca, u ispravnim uslovima,

can learn on their own with the help of computers.

mogu da uče sama, uz pomoć kompjutera.

Those girls have never touched Google.

Ove devojčice nikad nisu prišle Google-u.

They know nothing about Wikipedia.

Ne znaju ništa o Vikipediji.

Imagine what their lives would be like

Zamislite kako bi njihovi životi izgledali

if you could get that to them.

kad biste mogli da im to pružite.

So if you look, as I did,

Tako, ako pogledate, kao što sam ja učinio,

through this tour,

na ovoj turneji,

and by looking at about a hundred case studies

i pročitavši oko sto studija

of different social entrepreneurs

različitih društvenih inovatora i preduzetnika

working in these very extreme conditions,

koji su radili u ovim vrlo ekstremnim uslovima,

look at the recipes that they come up with for learning,

i ako pogledate modele obrazovanja do kojih su došli,

they look nothing like school.

videćete da ovi ni izbliza ne podsećaju na školu.

What do they look like?

Kako ti modeli izgledaju?

Well, education is a global religion.

Pa, obrazovanje je svetska religija.

And education, plus technology,

A obrazovanje plus tehnologija

is a great source of hope.

je veliki izvor nade.

You can go to places like this.

Možete otići na mesta kao što je ovo.

This is a school three hours outside of Sao Paulo.

Ovo je škola na tri sata udaljenosti od Sao Paola.

Most of the children there have parents who are illiterate.

Većina dece iz ove škole ima nepismene roditelje.

Many of them don't have electricity at home.

Mnogi od njih kod svojih kuća nemaju struju.

But they find it completely obvious

Ali za njih je potpuno prirodna stvar

to use computers, websites,

da koriste kompjutere, Internet sajtove,

make videos, so on and so forth.

prave video zapise i tome slično.

When you go to places like this

Kad posetite ovakva mesta

what you see is that

shvatite da

education in these settings

obrazovanje u ovim okolnostima

works by pull, not push.

deluje na principu privlačenja a ne prinude.

Most of our education system is push.

Veći deo našeg obrazovnog sistema je prinuda.

I was literally pushed to school.

Mene su doslovce gurali da idem u školu.

When you get to school, things are pushed at you:

Kad stignete u školu, stvari vam se nameću,

knowledge, exams,

znanje, ispiti,

systems, timetables.

sistemi, rasporedi.

If you want to attract people like Juanderson

Ukoliko želite da privučete ljude kao što je Huanderson

who could, for instance,

koji bi mogao, na primer,

buy guns, wear jewelry,

da kupi oružje, nosi nakit,

ride motorbikes and get girls

vozi motocikle i osvaja devojke,

through the drugs trade,

sve kroz trgovinu drogom,

and you want to attract him into education,

i vi želite da ga privučete da se školuje,

having a compulsory curriculum doesn't really make sense.

vaš obavezni nastavni plan i program zaista nemaju nikakvog smisla.

That isn't really going to attract him.

To ga sigurno neće privući.

You need to pull him.

Morate da ga privučete.

And so education needs to work by pull, not push.

Dakle, obrazovanje treba da deluje na principu privlačnosti, ne prinude.

And so the idea of a curriculum

I tako, koncept nastavnog plana i programa

is completely irrelevant in a setting like this.

je potpuno irelevantan u ovakvim okolnostima.

You need to start education

Obrazovanje treba da započne

from things that make a difference

od stvari koje su značajne

to them in their settings.

za njih, u njihovom okruženju.

What does that?

Koje su to stvari?

Well, the key is motivation, and there are two aspects to it.

Pa, ključ je u motivaciji i tu postoje dva aspekta.

One is to deliver extrinsic motivation,

Jedan je da se obezbedi spoljašnja motivacija

that education has a payoff.

odnosno, da se obrazovanje isplati.

Our education systems all work

Naši obrazovni sistemi svi funkcionišu

on the principle that there is a payoff,

na principu da se oni na kraju isplate,

but you have to wait quite a long time.

ali na to mora prilično da se pričeka.

That's too long if you're poor.

To je predugačak period kada ste siromašni.

Waiting 10 years for the payoff from education

Čekati 10 godina da bi vam se obrazovanje isplatilo

is too long when you need to meet daily needs,

je suviše dug period, kad vam osnovne životne potrebe nisu ispunjene,

when you've got siblings to look after

kad imate braću i sestre o kojima morate da se starate

or a business to help with.

ili posao kojim morate da se bavite.

So you need education to be relevant and help people

Znači, treba vam obrazovanje koje je primenljivo i pomaže ljudima

to make a living there and then, often.

da odmah zarade za život, tu gde jesu.

And you also need to make it intrinsically interesting.

Takođe, morate da ga načinite suštinski zanimljivim.

So time and again, I found people like this.

Tako sam uvek iznova nailazio na ljude kao što su ovi.

This is an amazing guy, Sebastiao Rocha,

Ovo je jedan neverovatan čovek, Sebasteo Roha,

in Belo Horizonte,

iz Belo Horizonta,

in the third largest city in Brazil.

trećeg po veličini grada u Brazilu.

He's invented more than 200 games

Izmislio je više od 200 igrica

to teach virtually any subject under the sun.

da bi podučavao praktično bilo koji predmet pod suncem.

In the schools and communities

U školama i zajednicama

that Taio works in,

u kojima Teo radi,

the day always starts in a circle

deca dan uvek započinju u krugu

and always starts from a question.

i uvek s nekim pitanjem.

Imagine an education system that started from questions,

Zamislite obrazovni sistem koji bi počinjao od pitanja,

not from knowledge to be imparted,

a ne od znanja koje treba saopštiti,

or started from a game, not from a lesson,

ili od igre, a ne od lekcije,

or started from the premise

Ili od stava

that you have to engage people first

da ljude prvo treba uključiti

before you can possibly teach them.

pre nego što možete nečemu da ih naučite.

Our education systems,

U našim obrazovnim sistemima,

you do all that stuff afterward, if you're lucky,

sve te stvari radite naknadno, ukoliko imate sreće,

sport, drama, music.

sport, gluma, muzika.

These things, they teach through.

To su nastavna sredstva.

They attract people to learning

Dok u mestima kao što su ova, ljudi bivaju privučeni obrazovanju

because it's really a dance project

kroz plesni projekat

or a circus project

ili cirkuski projekat

or, the best example of all --

ili, najbolji primer od svih --

El Sistema in Venezuela --

El Sistema u Venecueli --

it's a music project.

koji je muzički projekat.

And so you attract people through that into learning,

Tako da ljude privučete učenju kroz te aktivnosti,

not adding that on after

a ne dodavanjem istih nakon

all the learning has been done

što je učenje završeno

and you've eaten your cognitive greens.

i već ste sažvakali svoje "kognitivno povrće".

So El Sistema in Venezuela

Tako El Sistema u Venecueli

uses a violin as a technology of learning.

koristi violinu kao metod učenja.

Taio Rocha uses making soap

Teo Roha koristi pravljenje sapuna

as a technology of learning.

kao metod učenja.

And what you find when you go to these schemes

I ono što vidite kad pogledate ovakve metode

is that they use people and places

je da one koriste ljude i mesta

in incredibly creative ways.

na neverovatno kreativne načine.

Masses of peer learning.

Vršnjaci pomažu jedni drugima pri učenju.

How do you get learning to people

Kako obezbediti obrazovanje

when there are no teachers,

kad nema učitelja,

when teachers won't come, when you can't afford them,

kad učitelji ne žele da dođu ili ne možete da ih priuštite,

and even if you do get teachers,

ili čak, kad ih i dobijete,

what they teach isn't relevant to the communities that they serve?

ono što predaju, nije primenljivo u zajednicama gde se nalaze?

Well, you create your own teachers.

Pa, stvorite svoje sopstvene učitelje.

You create peer-to-peer learning,

Starija deca podučavaju mlađu,

or you create para-teachers, or you bring in specialist skills.

ili stvorite para-učitelje, ili dovedete specijalistu.

But you find ways to get learning that's relevant to people

Ali postoje načini da ljudima donesete primenljivo obrazovanje

through technology, people and places that are different.

putem tehnologije, ljudi i mesta koja su drugačija.

So this is a school in a bus

Ovo je škola u autobusu

on a building site

na gradilištu

in Pune, the fastest growing city in Asia.

u Puni, najbrže rastućem gradu u Aziji.

Pune has 5,000 building sites.

U Puni postoji 5000 gradilišta.

It has 30,000 children

30 hiljada dece

on those building sites.

živi na tim gradilištima.

That's one city.

To je ceo jedan grad.

Imagine that urban explosion

Zamislite eksploziju urbanog razvoja

that's going to take place across the developing world

koja će dogoditi širom zemalja u razvoju

and how many thousands of children

i koliko hiljada dece

will spend their school years on building sites.

će provesti svoje školske godine na takvim gradilištima.

Well, this is a very simple scheme

Dakle, ovo je vrlo jednostavan projekat

to get the learning to them through a bus.

da im se obrazovanje približi pomoću autobusa.

And they all treat learning,

I svi oni učenje doživljavaju,

not as some sort of academic, analytical activity,

ne kao neku akademsku, analitičku aktivnost,

but as that's something that's productive,

već kao nešto što je produktivno,

something you make,

nešto što pravite,

something that you can do, perhaps earn a living from.

nešto što možete da uradite i od toga čak zaradite za život.

So I met this character, Steven.

Tako sam upoznao ovog momka, Stivena.

He'd spent three years in Nairobi living on the streets

Proveo je tri godine u Najrobiju živeći na ulicama

because his parents had died of AIDS.

jer su njegovi roditelji umrli od AIDS-a.

And he was finally brought back into school,

Konačno se vratio u školu,

not by the offer of GCSEs,

ne zbog srednjoškolske diplome britanskog sistema,

but by the offer of learning how to become a carpenter,

već zbog ponude da nauči stolarski zanat,

a practical making skill.

praktičnu zanatsku veštinu.

So the trendiest schools in the world,

Čak i najprestižnije škole u svetu,

High Tech High and others,

kao što su Haj Tek srednja i druge,

they espouse a philosophy of learning as productive activity.

priznaju filozofiju učenja kao produktivne aktivnosti.

Here, there isn't really an option.

Ovde i nema drugog izbora.

Learning has to be productive

Obrazovanje mora da bude upotrebljivo

in order for it to make sense.

da bi imalo smisla.

And finally, they have a different model of scale,

I konačno, oni imaju drugačiji model rasta.

and it's a Chinese restaurant model

I to je model po kojem se šire

of how to scale.

kineski restorani.

And I learned it from this guy,

To sam naučio od ovog momka,

who is an amazing character.

neverovatne osobe.

He's probably the most remarkable social entrepreneur

On je, moguće, najznačajniji društveni preduzetnik na svetu

in education in the world.

u oblasti obrazovanja.

His name is Madhav Chavan,

Njegovo ime je Madhav Chavan,

and he created something called Pratham.

i on je stvorio nešto što se zove Pratham.

And Pratham runs preschool play groups

Pratham danas vodi predškolske grupe za igru

for, now, 21 million children in India.

za 21 milion dece u Indiji.

It's the largest NGO in education in the world.

To je najveća NVO u obrazovanju na svetu.

And it also supports working-class kids going into Indian schools.

Takođe, podržava decu radnika koja idu u indijske škole.

He's a complete revolutionary.

On je apsolutni revolucionar.

He's actually a trade union organizer by background,

Zapravo, on je sindikalni organizator po zanimanju.

and that's how he learned the skills

I tu je stekao sposobnosti

to build his organization.

koje su mu pomogle da izgradi ovu organizaciju.

When they got to a certain stage,

Kada su stigli do određenog stupnja u razvoju,

Pratham got big enough to attract

projekat Pratham je postao dovoljno velik da privuče

some pro bono support from McKinsey.

pro-bono podršku od Mekkinsija (velika firma za menadžment konsalting).

McKinsey came along and looked at his model and said,

Došli su iz Mekkinsija, pogledali u njegov model i rekli,

"You know what you should do with this, Madhav?

"Znate li šta treba da uradite sa ovim projektom g. Madhav?

You should turn it into McDonald's.

Treba da ga pretvorite u MekDonalds

And what you do when you go to any new site

I tako, kad god dođete na neku novu lokaciju

is you kind of roll out a franchise.

vi jednostavno otvorite franšizu.

And it's the same wherever you go.

Ona je ista gde god da odete.

It's reliable and people know exactly where they are.

To ljudima uliva pouzdanje jer znaju tačno gde se nalaze.

And there will be no mistakes."

I tako neće biti greške."

And Madhav said,

A Madhav im je odgovorio,

"Why do we have to do it that way?

"Zašto moramo da to učinimo na taj način?

Why can't we do it more like the Chinese restaurants?"

Zašto taj model ne bi bio više nalik na kineske restorane?"

There are Chinese restaurants everywhere,

Kineski restorani su svuda,

but there is no Chinese restaurant chain.

ali ne postoji lanac kineskih restorana.

Yet, everyone knows what is a Chinese restaurant.

I pored toga, svako zna šta je kineski restoran.

They know what to expect, even though it'll be subtly different

Znaju šta da očekuju, čak i kada se ovi donekle razlikuju.

and the colors will be different and the name will be different.

Možda će enterijer biti drugačiji ili će nositi drugačije ime.

You know a Chinese restaurant when you see it.

Ali vi znate šta je kineski restoran kad ga vidite.

These people work with the Chinese restaurant model --

Ovi ljudi, dakle, rade po modelu kineskog restorana.

same principles, different applications and different settings --

Isti principi, ali različita primena i različita okruženja.

not the McDonald's model.

Ne po MekDonaldsovom modelu.

The McDonald's model scales.

Princip MekDonaldsa je da se penje.

The Chinese restaurant model spreads.

Princip kineskog restorana je da se širi.

So mass education

Tako je masovno obrazovanje

started with social entrepreneurship

započelo socijalnim preduzetništvom

in the 19th century.

u 19. veku.

And that's desperately what we need again

I to je ono što nam je sad ponovo očajnički potrebno

on a global scale.

na globalnom nivou.

And what can we learn from all of that?

Šta možemo da naučimo iz svega ovoga?

Well, we can learn a lot

Pa, možemo da naučimo mnogo,

because our education systems

jer naši obrazovni sistemi

are failing desperately in many ways.

očajno podbacuju u svakom aspektu.

They fail to reach the people

Ne uspevaju da dosegnu one

they most need to serve.

kojima najviše treba da služe.

They often hit their target but miss the point.

Često pogode metu ali promaše smisao.

Improvement is increasingly

Sve teže je doći do

difficult to organize;

napretka u sistemu.

our faith in these systems, incredibly fraught.

Naše poverenje u te sisteme je izuzetno narušeno.

And this is just a very simple way of

A ovi primeri vrlo jednostavno

understanding what kind of innovation,

ukazuju koja nam je vrsta inovacije,

what kind of different design we need.

drugačijeg koncepta, potrebna.

There are two basic types of innovation.

Postoje dve osnovne vrste inovacije.

There's sustaining innovation,

Postoji održavajuća inovacija,

which will sustain an existing institution or an organization,

koja održava postojeću instituciju ili organizaciju,

and disruptive innovation

i postoji - remetilačka inovacija

that will break it apart, create some different way of doing it.

koja će je razoriti, stvorivši neki novi pristup stvarima.

There are formal settings --

Postoje formalna okruženja,

schools, colleges, hospitals --

škole, fakulteti, bolnice,

in which innovation can take place,

u kojima ima prostora za inovaciju,

and informal settings -- communities,

i neformalna okruženja, zajednice,

families, social networks.

porodice, socijalne mreže.

Almost all our effort goes in this box,

Gotovo svi naši napori su usmereni na ovu kutiju -

sustaining innovation in formal settings,

održavajuću inovaciju u formalnom okruženju,

getting a better version

stvaranje bolje verzije

of the essentially Bismarckian school system

jednog, suštinski, Bizmarkovog školskog sistema,

that developed in the 19th century.

koji je razvijen u 19. veku.

And as I said, the trouble with this is that,

I kao što sam rekao, problem sa tim je što

in the developing world

u zemljama u razvoju

there just aren't teachers to make this model work.

jednostavno nema dovoljno nastavnika da bi ovaj model funkcionisao.

You'd need millions and millions of teachers

Za to bi bili neophodni milioni nastavnika

in China, India, Nigeria

u Kini, Indiji, Nigeriji

and the rest of developing world to meet need.

i ostalim zemljama u razvoju, da bi ta potreba bila ispunjena.

And in our system, we know

A i u našem sistemu, mi znamo

that simply doing more of this won't eat into

da njegovo prosto uvećanje neće načeti

deep educational inequalities,

duboke obrazovne nejednakosti,

especially in inner cities

naročito u siromašnim, urbanim kvartovima

and former industrial areas.

i bivšim industrijskim naseljima.

So that's why we need three more kinds of innovation.

Zato su nam potrebne sledeće tri vrste inovacije.

We need more reinvention.

Treba nam više novih izuma.

And all around the world now you see

Širom sveta danas vidimo

more and more schools reinventing themselves.

sve više škola koje same sebe iznova osmišljavaju.

They're recognizably schools, but they look different.

I dalje su prepoznatljive kao škole, ali sada drugačije izgledaju.

There are Big Picture schools

To su škole "širokog pogleda" (Big Picture)

in the U.S. and Australia.

u SAD i Australiji.

There are Kunskapsskolan schools

To su Kunskap škole

in Sweden.

u Švedskoj.

Of 14 of them,

Od njih 14,

only two of them are in schools.

samo dve se nalaze u školskim zgradama.

Most of them are in other buildings not designed as schools.

Ostatak je smešten u zgradama koje nisu projektovane kao škole.

There is an amazing school in Northen Queensland

Postoji jedna fenomenalna škola u Severnom Kvinslandu (Australija)

called Jaringan.

pod nazivom Džaringan.

And they all have the same kind of features:

Sve one imaju ista obeležja,

highly collaborative, very personalized,

vrlo saradljivu, veoma personalizovanu,

often pervasive technology,

često prodornu tehnologiju.

learning that starts from questions

U tim školama, učenje započinje pitanjem,

and problems and projects,

problemima i projektima,

not from knowledge and curriculum.

ne gotovim znanjem i nastavnim planom.

So we certainly need more of that.

Tako da nam svakako treba više toga.

But because so many of the issues in education

Ali zato što mnoga od pitanja u obrazovanju

aren't just in school,

nisu samo u vezi sa školom

they're in family and community,

već i porodicom i širom zajednicom,

what you also need, definitely,

ono što nam još treba, definitivno,

is more on the right hand side.

je više izuma na desnoj strani ovde.

You need efforts to supplement schools.

Potrebno je uložiti napor da dopunimo školstvo.

The most famous of these is Reggio Emilia in Italy,

Najpoznatiji od ovih je Ređio Emilija pristup u Italiji,

the family-based learning system

obrazovni sistem zasnovan na porodici

to support and encourage people in schools.

koji podržava i ohrabruje učenike u školama.

The most exciting is the Harlem Children's Zone,

A najuzbudljiviji od svih je projekat Dečja zona u Harlemu,

which over 10 years, led by Geoffrey Canada,

koji tokom poslednjih 10 godina vodi Džefri Kanada,

has, through a mixture of schooling

i koji je, kroz mešavinu nastave u školi

and family and community projects,

i porodičnih kao i lokalnih projekata,

attempted to transform not just education in schools,

pokušao da preobrazi, ne samo obrazovanje u školama,

but the entire culture and aspiration

već kompletnu kulturu i stremljenje

of about 10,000 families in Harlem.

oko 10 hiljada porodica iz Harlema (Njujork).

We need more of that

Treba nam više takvog,

completely new and radical thinking.

potpuno novog i radikalnog razmišljanja.

You can go to places an hour away, less,

Možete otići do mesta udaljenih sat vremena,

from this room,

ili čak manje, od ove sobe,

just down the road, which need that,

do komšiluka kojem je upravo to potrebno,

which need radicalism of a kind that we haven't imagined.

kojima je potreban radikalan pristup kakav nismo zamišljali.

And finally, you need transformational innovation

I konačno, potrebna nam je preobražavajuća inovacija

that could imagine getting learning to people

koja je u stanju da ljudima približi obrazovanje

in completely new and different ways.

na potpuno nove i različite načine.

So we are on the verge, 2015,

Nalazimo se na domak, 2015. godine,

of an amazing achievement,

neverovatnog postignuća,

the schoolification of the world.

"školarizacije" sveta.

Every child up to the age of 15 who wants a place in school

Svako dete do 15-e godine koje želi mesto u školi

will be able to have one in 2015.

će moći da ga ima u 2015. godini.

It's an amazing thing.

To je neverovatna stvar.

But it is,

Ali za razliku

unlike cars, which have developed

od automobilske industrije koja se razvila

so rapidly and orderly,

tako brzo i uredno,

actually the school system is recognizably

školski sistem je nesumnjivo

an inheritance from the 19th century,

nasleđe iz 19. veka,

from a Bismarkian model of German schooling

po Bizmarkovom modelu nemačkog školstva

that got taken up by English reformers,

kojeg su preuzeli engleski reformisti,

and often by

i često

religious missionaries,

verski misionari,

taken up in the United States

a u SAD

as a force of social cohesion,

kao sila socijalne kohezije,

and then in Japan and South Korea as they developed.

i konačno u Japanu i Južnoj Koreji tokom njihovog razvoja.

It's recognizably 19th century in its roots.

Koren današnjeg obrazovanja je nesumnjivo u 19. veku.

And of course it's a huge achievement.

Naravno da je to veliko dostignuće.

And of course it will bring great things.

Naravno da će doneti velike stvari.

It will bring skills and learning and reading.

Doneće stručnost, učenost i pismenost.

But it will also lay waste to imagination.

Ali takođe - opustošiće maštovitost.

It will lay waste to appetite. It will lay waste to social confidence.

Opustošiće (intelektualni) apetit. Opustošiće poverenje u društvo.

It will stratify society

Raslojiće društvo

as much as it liberates it.

isto koliko ga i oslobađa.

And we are bequeathing to the developing world

Zemljama u razvoju ostavljamo u zaveštanje

school systems that they will now spend

školski sistem na koji će oni potrošiti ceo vek

a century trying to reform.

pokušavajući da ga reformišu.

That is why we need really radical thinking,

To je razlog zbog kojeg nam je potrebno istinsko radikalno mišljenje,

and why radical thinking is now

i zbog kojeg je radikalno razmišljanje o načinu na koji učimo

more possible and more needed than ever in how we learn.

danas mnogo i verovatnije i potrebnije nego ikada.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala.