Charles Leadbeater: Education innovation in the slums

85,774 views ใƒป 2010-06-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
It's a great pleasure to be here.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๊ด‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
It's a great pleasure to speak after
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๋˜ํ•œ CERN(์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ž…์ž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ)์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ ์ฝ•์Šค ์”จ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ
00:19
Brian Cox from CERN.
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๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๊ด‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
I think CERN is the home
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CERN์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
00:23
of the Large Hadron Collider.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
00:26
What ever happened to the Small Hadron Collider?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž…์ž ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
00:29
Where is the Small Hadron Collider?
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์†Œํ˜• ์ž…์ž ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:32
Because the Small Hadron Collider once was the big thing.
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ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๋„ ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
00:35
Now, the Small Hadron Collider
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†Œํ˜• ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:38
is in a cupboard, overlooked and neglected.
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๋ฒฝ์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘ฌ์„œ, ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
00:41
You know when the Large Hadron Collider started,
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™๋  ๋•Œ.
00:44
and it didn't work, and people tried to work out why,
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๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
it was the Small Hadron Collider team
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์›์ธ์€, ์†Œํ˜• ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘ํŒ€์ด
00:50
who sabotaged it
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๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
because they were so jealous.
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์งˆํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:54
The whole Hadron Collider family
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ํฌ๊ฑด ์ž‘๊ฑด, ์ž…์ž ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ํŒ€๋“ค์€
00:56
needs unlocking.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ„ฐ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
The lesson of Brian's presentation, in a way --
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์•ž์„œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์”จ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€,
01:01
all those fantastic pictures --
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-- ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค๋„ --
01:03
is this really:
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๋ฐ”๋กœ,
01:05
that vantage point determines everything that you see.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
01:08
What Brian was saying was
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:10
science has opened up successively different vantage points
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๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ž€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
from which we can see ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:14
and that's why it's so valuable.
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๊ณผํ•™์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
So the vantage point you take
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์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
01:18
determines virtually everything that you will see.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
The question that you will ask
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋˜์งˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
01:22
will determine much of the answer that you get.
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์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ•ด๋‹ต์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ .
01:25
And so if you ask this question:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”.
01:27
Where would you look to see the future of education?
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:30
The answer that we've traditionally given to that
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€
01:33
is very straightforward, at least in the last 20 years:
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์€์š”.
01:35
You go to Finland.
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"ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ผ."
01:37
Finland is the best place in the world to see school systems.
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ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
The Finns may be a bit boring and depressive and there's a very high suicide rate,
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ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ข€ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‚ด์œจ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:43
but by golly, they are qualified.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ฒฉ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And they have absolutely amazing education systems.
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ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:49
So we all troop off to Finland,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
and we wonder at the social democratic miracle of Finland
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ-๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
and its cultural homogeneity and all the rest of it,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
01:57
and then we struggle to imagine how we might
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„
01:59
bring lessons back.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด์•„ ๊ฐˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Well, so, for this last year,
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์ž, ์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
02:03
with the help of Cisco who sponsored me,
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์ €๋ฅผ ํ›„์›ํ•ด์ค€ ์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”(Cisco)์‚ฌ ๋•๋ถ„์—
02:05
for some balmy reason, to do this,
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์ข€ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ณ 
02:08
I've been looking somewhere else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Because actually radical innovation does sometimes
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„๋•Œ, ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ข…์ข…
02:13
come from the very best,
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์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
02:15
but it often comes from places
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:17
where you have huge need --
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ..
02:19
unmet, latent demand --
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์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
and not enough resources for traditional solutions to work --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์žฌ์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ,
02:24
traditional, high-cost solutions,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋ž€
02:26
which depend on professionals,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:28
which is what schools and hospitals are.
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ํ•™๊ต๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘์› ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
So I ended up in places like this.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
This is a place called Monkey Hill.
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๋ชฝํ‚ค ํž์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
02:35
It's one of the hundreds of favelas in Rio.
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๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์— ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Most of the population growth of the next 50 years
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:41
will be in cities.
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
We'll grow by six cities of 12 million people a year
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ผ๋…„์— 1200๋งŒ๋ช…์”ฉ
02:46
for the next 30 years.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Almost all of that growth will be in the developed world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
02:51
Almost all of that growth will be
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ชฝํ‚ค ํž ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
02:53
in places like Monkey Hill.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
This is where you'll find the fastest growing
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์ด๊ณณ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์ธ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œจ์„
02:57
young populations of the world.
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
So if you want recipes to work --
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๋งŒ์ผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:01
for virtually anything -- health, education,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•,๊ต์œก,
03:03
government politics
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์ •์น˜๋ฌธ์ œ,
03:05
and education --
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๊ต์œก๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:07
you have to go to these places.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And if you go to these places, you meet people like this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:11
This is a guy called Juanderson.
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'ํ›„์•ˆ๋”์Šจ'๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
At the age of 14,
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๊ทธ๋Š” 14์‚ด์—,
03:15
in common with many 14-year-olds in the Brazilian education system,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ 14์‚ด ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
03:18
he dropped out of school.
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ํ•™์—…์„ ์ค‘๋„์— ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
It was boring.
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ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ์ด ์ง€๋ฃจํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:22
And Juanderson, instead, went into
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ํ›„์•ˆ๋”์Šจ์€
03:24
what provided kind of opportunity and hope
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ํฌ๋ง์„
03:26
in the place that he lived, which was the drugs trade.
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์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:29
And by the age of 16, with rapid promotion,
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์กฐ์ง์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์Šน๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ, 16์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋˜ํ•ด์—
03:32
he was running the drugs trade in 10 favelas.
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10๊ฐœ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋งˆ์•ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
He was turning over 200,000 dollars a week.
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์ฃผ๋‹น 20๋งŒ๋ถˆ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์˜€๊ณ ,
03:37
He employed 200 people.
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200์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ์กฐ์ง์›์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:39
He was going to be dead by the age of 25.
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25์‚ด์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์ฃฝ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‚ถ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:41
And luckily, he met this guy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
who is Rodrigo Baggio,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 'ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์ง€์˜ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:45
the owner of the first laptop to ever appear in Brazil.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋žฉํƒ‘์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
1994, Rodrigo started something
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1994๋…„์— ํ˜ธ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” CDI๋ผ๋Š”
03:50
called CDI,
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ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
which took computers
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ›์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
03:54
donated by corporations,
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ›์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
03:56
put them into community centers in favelas
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
and created places like this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํ™”๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:01
What turned Juanderson around
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ํ›„์•ˆ๋”์Šจ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:03
was technology for learning
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'๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ '์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
that made learning fun and accessible.
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๋ฐฐ์›€์„ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
04:07
Or you can go to places like this.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
This is Kibera, which is the largest slum in East Africa.
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์ธ, 'ํ‚ค๋ฒ ๋ผ' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Millions of people living here,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ ์ˆ˜km์˜
04:14
stretched over many kilometers.
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๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
04:16
And there I met these two,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Azra on the left, Maureen on the right.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์ด ์•„์ฆˆ๋ผ, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
They just finished their Kenyan certificate
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์„
04:22
of secondary education.
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๋งˆ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:24
That name should tell you that the Kenyan education system
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์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
04:27
borrows almost everything
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
04:29
from Britain, circa 1950,
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1950๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์— ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
but has managed to make it even worse.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์—ด์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:35
So there are schools in slums like this.
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์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์—๋„ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
They're places like this.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
04:39
That's where Maureen went to school.
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์ด ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ๋ฆฐ์ด ๋‹ค๋‹Œ ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
They're private schools. There are no state schools in slums.
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์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์˜€์ฃ . ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And the education they got was pitiful.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ต์œก์€ ์ •๋ง ์• ์ฒ˜๋กœ์šธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
It was in places like this. This a school set up by some nuns
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ํ•™๊ตํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…€๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
04:50
in another slum called Nakuru.
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๋‚˜์ฟ ๋ฃจ(Nakuru)๋ผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Half the children in this classroom have no parents
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์ด ๊ต์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ๊ณ ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
because they've died through AIDS.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
04:58
The other half have one parent
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ํŽธ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
because the other parent has died through AIDS.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So the challenges of education
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ
05:05
in this kind of place
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:07
are not to learn the kings and queens of Kenya or Britain.
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์ผ€๋ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์™•์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์™•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
05:10
They are to stay alive, to earn a living,
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์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•, ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฒ•,
05:13
to not become HIV positive.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
The one technology that spans rich and poor
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ž์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
05:19
in places like this
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์•„์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
05:21
is not anything to do with industrial technology.
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์‚ฐ์—…์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
It's not to do with electricity or water.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
05:25
It's the mobile phone.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
If you want to design from scratch
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ด
05:29
virtually any service in Africa,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:31
you would start now with the mobile phone.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Or you could go to places like this.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
This is a place called the Madangiri Settlement Colony,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋งˆ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฐฉ์ดŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
05:39
which is a very developed slum
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ฝค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
about 25 minutes outside New Delhi,
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๋‰ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์œผ๋กœ 25๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:44
where I met these characters
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
who showed me around for the day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด์คฌ์ฃ ,.
05:48
The remarkable thing about these girls,
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์ด ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
and the sign of the kind of social revolution
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์„ ํœฉ์“ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:53
sweeping through the developing world
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
05:55
is that these girls are not married.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
Ten years ago, they certainly would have been married.
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10๋…„์ „๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Now they're not married, and they want to go on
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
06:02
to study further, to have a career.
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ํ•™์—…์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
They've been brought up by mothers who are illiterate,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋งน์ธ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
who have never ever done homework.
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ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋ชปํ•ด๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
06:10
All across the developing world there are millions of parents --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€
06:12
tens, hundreds of millions --
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด
06:14
who for the first time
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
06:16
are with children doing homework and exams.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
And the reason they carry on studying
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:21
is not because they went to a school like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
This is a private school.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ ํ•™๊ต ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
This is a fee-pay school. This is a good school.
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๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”, ์ข‹์€ ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
This is the best you can get
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ต์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ์น˜๊ณ ๋Š”
06:29
in Hyderabad in Indian education.
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ํ•˜์ด๋ฐ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ•™๊ต์ฃ .
06:32
The reason they went on studying was this.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
This is a computer installed in the entrance to their slum
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๊ตฌ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
by a revolutionary social entrepreneur
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ํ˜๋ช…์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์ธ
06:40
called Sugata Mitra
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ํƒ€ ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ผ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:42
who has conducted the most radical experiments,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ,
06:44
showing that children, in the right conditions,
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
06:47
can learn on their own with the help of computers.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Those girls have never touched Google.
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์ด ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
They know nothing about Wikipedia.
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
06:55
Imagine what their lives would be like
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:58
if you could get that to them.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”.
07:00
So if you look, as I did,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:02
through this tour,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
07:04
and by looking at about a hundred case studies
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
07:07
of different social entrepreneurs
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜
07:09
working in these very extreme conditions,
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100์—ฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
07:12
look at the recipes that they come up with for learning,
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ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
07:15
they look nothing like school.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ž€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
What do they look like?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
07:19
Well, education is a global religion.
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๊ต์œก์ด๋ž€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‹ ์•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
And education, plus technology,
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๊ต์œก์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
07:23
is a great source of hope.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ํฌ๋ง์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
You can go to places like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
This is a school three hours outside of Sao Paulo.
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋ฃจ์—์„œ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Most of the children there have parents who are illiterate.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋งน์ด๊ณ ,
07:34
Many of them don't have electricity at home.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
But they find it completely obvious
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
07:40
to use computers, websites,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:42
make videos, so on and so forth.
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๋™์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
When you go to places like this
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:46
what you see is that
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ต์œก์€
07:48
education in these settings
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๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:51
works by pull, not push.
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์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Most of our education system is push.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
I was literally pushed to school.
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์ „ ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
When you get to school, things are pushed at you:
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋„, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
knowledge, exams,
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์ง€์‹, ์‹œํ—˜,
08:01
systems, timetables.
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ํ•™๊ต์ฒด์ œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ ๋“ฑ..
08:03
If you want to attract people like Juanderson
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์•„๊นŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ ํ›„์•ˆ๋”์Šจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
08:05
who could, for instance,
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๋งˆ์•ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:07
buy guns, wear jewelry,
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์ด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ณด์„์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
08:09
ride motorbikes and get girls
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๋ฐ”์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ผฌ๋“œ๊ธฐ๋Š”
08:11
through the drugs trade,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
08:13
and you want to attract him into education,
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๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—๋Š”
08:15
having a compulsory curriculum doesn't really make sense.
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๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์€ ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
That isn't really going to attract him.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ต์œก์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:20
You need to pull him.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And so education needs to work by pull, not push.
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๊ต์œก์€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋– ๋ฏธ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
08:24
And so the idea of a curriculum
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€
08:27
is completely irrelevant in a setting like this.
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
You need to start education
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž๋Š”
08:31
from things that make a difference
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:33
to them in their settings.
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๊ต์œก์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
What does that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:37
Well, the key is motivation, and there are two aspects to it.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:40
One is to deliver extrinsic motivation,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
that education has a payoff.
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๊ต์œก์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Our education systems all work
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๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œํ•˜์—
08:48
on the principle that there is a payoff,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
but you have to wait quite a long time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ์ฃ .
08:52
That's too long if you're poor.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Waiting 10 years for the payoff from education
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ํ•™์—…์„ ๋งˆ์นœํ›„ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ 10๋…„์ด๋ž€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€
08:57
is too long when you need to meet daily needs,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
when you've got siblings to look after
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๋Œ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:02
or a business to help with.
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ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
09:04
So you need education to be relevant and help people
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ต์œก์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
to make a living there and then, often.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ณ„์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:09
And you also need to make it intrinsically interesting.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
So time and again, I found people like this.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
This is an amazing guy, Sebastiao Rocha,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด๋ฐ์š”. ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์„ธ๋ฐ”์Šคํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋กœ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
in Belo Horizonte,
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๋ฒจ๋กœ ํ˜ธ๋ฆฌ์กดํ…Œ๋ผ๋Š”
09:20
in the third largest city in Brazil.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
He's invented more than 200 games
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•ฝ 200๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„
09:24
to teach virtually any subject under the sun.
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์šฉ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
In the schools and communities
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ํƒ€์ด์˜ค๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š”
09:29
that Taio works in,
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ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š”
09:31
the day always starts in a circle
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์•‰์•„
09:33
and always starts from a question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Imagine an education system that started from questions,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:39
not from knowledge to be imparted,
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์ง€์‹์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:41
or started from a game, not from a lesson,
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
or started from the premise
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
09:46
that you have to engage people first
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:49
before you can possibly teach them.
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์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:51
Our education systems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
09:53
you do all that stuff afterward, if you're lucky,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ›„์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์šด์ด์ข‹๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
09:55
sport, drama, music.
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์šด๋™, ์—ฐ๊ทน, ์Œ์•…ํ™œ๋™..
09:57
These things, they teach through.
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
10:00
They attract people to learning
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™์Šต์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
because it's really a dance project
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ„์Šค๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:04
or a circus project
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์„œ์ปค์Šค ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:06
or, the best example of all --
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€
10:08
El Sistema in Venezuela --
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๋ฒ ๋„ค์ฃผ์—˜๋ผ์˜ '์—˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ๋งˆ'๋ผ๋Š”
10:10
it's a music project.
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์Œ์•…๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And so you attract people through that into learning,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•™์Šต์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:14
not adding that on after
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์Šต์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ 
10:16
all the learning has been done
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์ธ์ง€๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ํ›„์—
10:18
and you've eaten your cognitive greens.
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๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
So El Sistema in Venezuela
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๋ฒ ๋„ค์ฃผ์–ผ๋ผ์˜ ์—˜ ์—์Šคํ‹ฐ๋งˆ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:23
uses a violin as a technology of learning.
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ•™์Šต๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Taio Rocha uses making soap
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ํƒ€์ด์˜ค ๋กœ์นด๋Š” ๋น„๋ˆ„๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:29
as a technology of learning.
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ํ•™์Šต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
10:31
And what you find when you go to these schemes
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:33
is that they use people and places
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ํŠน์„ฑ์„
10:35
in incredibly creative ways.
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
Masses of peer learning.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ•™์Šต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
10:39
How do you get learning to people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
10:41
when there are no teachers,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”.
10:43
when teachers won't come, when you can't afford them,
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์˜ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•ํŽธ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:45
and even if you do get teachers,
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์„ค๋ น ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
10:48
what they teach isn't relevant to the communities that they serve?
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ๋„์›€๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
10:51
Well, you create your own teachers.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
You create peer-to-peer learning,
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์ผ๋Œ€์ผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:55
or you create para-teachers, or you bring in specialist skills.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์ „๋ฌธ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:58
But you find ways to get learning that's relevant to people
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜๋‹จ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:01
through technology, people and places that are different.
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๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
So this is a school in a bus
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
on a building site
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์ธ๋„ ํ“จ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:09
in Pune, the fastest growing city in Asia.
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ํ“จ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ
11:12
Pune has 5,000 building sites.
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์•ฝ 5000๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:15
It has 30,000 children
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์•ฝ 3๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
11:17
on those building sites.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
That's one city.
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๋„์‹œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ์ •๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Imagine that urban explosion
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
11:23
that's going to take place across the developing world
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:26
and how many thousands of children
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
11:28
will spend their school years on building sites.
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๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•™์ฐฝ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
11:30
Well, this is a very simple scheme
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๋ฒ„์Šค์•ˆ์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
11:32
to get the learning to them through a bus.
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์ •๋ง ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:35
And they all treat learning,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
11:38
not as some sort of academic, analytical activity,
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ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„์  ํ™œ๋™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:41
but as that's something that's productive,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
11:43
something you make,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:45
something that you can do, perhaps earn a living from.
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์‚ถ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
So I met this character, Steven.
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์ „ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
He'd spent three years in Nairobi living on the streets
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๊ทธ๋Š” 3๋…„๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋กœ ์ง€๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
because his parents had died of AIDS.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:56
And he was finally brought back into school,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
not by the offer of GCSEs,
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๊ฒ€์ •๊ณ ์‹œ(GCSE)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:00
but by the offer of learning how to become a carpenter,
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๋ชฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
a practical making skill.
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์‹ค์ œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
12:05
So the trendiest schools in the world,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์ถ”์„ธ๋Š”
12:07
High Tech High and others,
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ํ•˜์ดํ…Œํฌ, ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
they espouse a philosophy of learning as productive activity.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ต์œก์ฒ ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋– ๋ฐ›๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:12
Here, there isn't really an option.
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์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Learning has to be productive
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ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
in order for it to make sense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:19
And finally, they have a different model of scale,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
and it's a Chinese restaurant model
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์  ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:24
of how to scale.
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์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„“ํ˜€๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ฃ .
12:26
And I learned it from this guy,
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์ „ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
who is an amazing character.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์—์š”.
12:30
He's probably the most remarkable social entrepreneur
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
in education in the world.
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์ด ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:34
His name is Madhav Chavan,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋งˆ๋“œํ•˜๋ธŒ ์ฐจ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
and he created something called Pratham.
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ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ด(Pratham)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:38
And Pratham runs preschool play groups
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ด์€ ์ด์ฒœ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ธ๋„์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
12:41
for, now, 21 million children in India.
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์ทจํ•™์ „ ๋†€์ด๊ต์‹ค์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
It's the largest NGO in education in the world.
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๊ต์œก๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ NGO๋‹จ์ฒด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
And it also supports working-class kids going into Indian schools.
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๊ทธ๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ง„ํ•™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
He's a complete revolutionary.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
He's actually a trade union organizer by background,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์กฐ์งํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:55
and that's how he learned the skills
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”
12:57
to build his organization.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
When they got to a certain stage,
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ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ด์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ผ์ • ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
13:01
Pratham got big enough to attract
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ž
13:03
some pro bono support from McKinsey.
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๋งฅํ‚จ์ง€(McKinsey)์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌด์ƒ ์ง€์›์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
McKinsey came along and looked at his model and said,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งฅํ‚จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:08
"You know what you should do with this, Madhav?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”?
13:10
You should turn it into McDonald's.
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๋งฅ๋„๋„๋“œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:12
And what you do when you go to any new site
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
13:14
is you kind of roll out a franchise.
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ํ”„๋žœ์ฐจ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:16
And it's the same wherever you go.
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์–ด๋”œ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
13:18
It's reliable and people know exactly where they are.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ธ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
13:21
And there will be no mistakes."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์‹คํŒจ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”"
13:23
And Madhav said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž, ๋งˆ๋“œํ•˜๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
"Why do we have to do it that way?
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:27
Why can't we do it more like the Chinese restaurants?"
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์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์  ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”?"
13:30
There are Chinese restaurants everywhere,
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:32
but there is no Chinese restaurant chain.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์  ์ฒด์ธ๋ง์€ ์—†์ฃ .
13:35
Yet, everyone knows what is a Chinese restaurant.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์ ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์š”.
13:37
They know what to expect, even though it'll be subtly different
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์ƒ‰๊น”์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
13:40
and the colors will be different and the name will be different.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
You know a Chinese restaurant when you see it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์‹œ์ž–์•„์š”.
13:45
These people work with the Chinese restaurant model --
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ํ”„๋ผ๋‹ด์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์ ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
same principles, different applications and different settings --
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„, ์›์น™์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:51
not the McDonald's model.
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๋งฅ๋„๋„๋“œ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
The McDonald's model scales.
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๋งฅ๋„๋„๋“œ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
13:55
The Chinese restaurant model spreads.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์Œ์‹์ ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
So mass education
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๋Œ€์ค‘๊ณ„๋ชฝ ์šด๋™์€
14:00
started with social entrepreneurship
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌํšŒ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด
14:02
in the 19th century.
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์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
And that's desperately what we need again
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒ”์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:06
on a global scale.
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๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
And what can we learn from all of that?
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:10
Well, we can learn a lot
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์•„๋งˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
because our education systems
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
14:14
are failing desperately in many ways.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
They fail to reach the people
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๊ต์œก์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
14:18
they most need to serve.
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
14:20
They often hit their target but miss the point.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
14:23
Improvement is increasingly
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๊ต์œก๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋Š”
14:25
difficult to organize;
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๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
our faith in these systems, incredibly fraught.
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๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ๋ ค์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
And this is just a very simple way of
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ
14:32
understanding what kind of innovation,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:35
what kind of different design we need.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
There are two basic types of innovation.
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ํ˜์‹ ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:40
There's sustaining innovation,
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ํ˜„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ,
14:42
which will sustain an existing institution or an organization,
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์ฆ‰ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ด์ฃ 
14:45
and disruptive innovation
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ํ˜„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:47
that will break it apart, create some different way of doing it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ถ•๊ดดํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
There are formal settings --
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
14:52
schools, colleges, hospitals --
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ํ•™๊ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๋ณ‘์› ๊ฐ™์€
14:54
in which innovation can take place,
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๊ณต์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ,
14:56
and informal settings -- communities,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด, ๊ฐ€์ •, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
14:58
families, social networks.
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์‚ฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
Almost all our effort goes in this box,
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๊ณต์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
15:02
sustaining innovation in formal settings,
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ํ˜„์ƒ์œ ์ง€ํ˜• ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
getting a better version
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19์„ธ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
15:07
of the essentially Bismarckian school system
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๋น„์Šค๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜
15:09
that developed in the 19th century.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:12
And as I said, the trouble with this is that,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
in the developing world
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:16
there just aren't teachers to make this model work.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์œก๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
You'd need millions and millions of teachers
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์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ธ๋„, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:21
in China, India, Nigeria
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
and the rest of developing world to meet need.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
15:26
And in our system, we know
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:28
that simply doing more of this won't eat into
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
15:31
deep educational inequalities,
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๋„์‹ฌ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ณต์—…์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜
15:33
especially in inner cities
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๊ต์œก๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„
15:35
and former industrial areas.
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์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
So that's why we need three more kinds of innovation.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
We need more reinvention.
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๋จผ์ € ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
And all around the world now you see
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ์ด, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ
15:44
more and more schools reinventing themselves.
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์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™๊ต๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
They're recognizably schools, but they look different.
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๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™๊ต์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
There are Big Picture schools
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—๋Š”
15:52
in the U.S. and Australia.
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๋น…ํ”ฝ์ณ(Big Picture)๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:54
There are Kunskapsskolan schools
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์—๋Š” ์ฟค์Šค์บ… ์Šค์ฝœ๋ž€(Kunscap Skolan) ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€
15:56
in Sweden.
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์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
15:58
Of 14 of them,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ „์ฒด 14๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ต์ค‘์—
16:01
only two of them are in schools.
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๋‹จ ๋‘๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
Most of them are in other buildings not designed as schools.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:06
There is an amazing school in Northen Queensland
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๋ถํ€ธ์Šค๋žœ๋“œ์—๋„ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
16:08
called Jaringan.
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์ž๋ง๊ฑด(Jaringan)์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
And they all have the same kind of features:
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์ด๋“ค ํ•™๊ต๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
highly collaborative, very personalized,
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๊ณต๋™์ž‘์—…์˜ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
16:15
often pervasive technology,
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๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
learning that starts from questions
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์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
16:20
and problems and projects,
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
16:22
not from knowledge and curriculum.
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ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
So we certainly need more of that.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
But because so many of the issues in education
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ต์œก์ƒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
16:29
aren't just in school,
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
they're in family and community,
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๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜์ฃ .
16:33
what you also need, definitely,
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ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ํŽธ์— ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
16:35
is more on the right hand side.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
You need efforts to supplement schools.
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ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
16:40
The most famous of these is Reggio Emilia in Italy,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ '๋ ˆ์ง€์˜ค ์—๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„'๋ผ๋Š”
16:43
the family-based learning system
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๊ฐ€์ •๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์Šต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
to support and encourage people in schools.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
16:49
The most exciting is the Harlem Children's Zone,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œํ”„๋ฆฌ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
16:52
which over 10 years, led by Geoffrey Canada,
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10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์˜จ 'ํ• ๋ ˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ตฌ์—ญ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
has, through a mixture of schooling
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜
16:57
and family and community projects,
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์œตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
16:59
attempted to transform not just education in schools,
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ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธํ™”์™€
17:02
but the entire culture and aspiration
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ํ• ๋ ˜๊ฐ€ 1๋งŒ์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํฌ๋ง์„
17:05
of about 10,000 families in Harlem.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
We need more of that
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ 
17:10
completely new and radical thinking.
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
You can go to places an hour away, less,
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์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
17:15
from this room,
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
17:17
just down the road, which need that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
17:20
which need radicalism of a kind that we haven't imagined.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
And finally, you need transformational innovation
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
that could imagine getting learning to people
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
17:27
in completely new and different ways.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
So we are on the verge, 2015,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
17:33
of an amazing achievement,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
17:36
the schoolification of the world.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
Every child up to the age of 15 who wants a place in school
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2015๋…„์—๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” 15์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€
17:41
will be able to have one in 2015.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ํ†ตํ•™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
It's an amazing thing.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
17:45
But it is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
17:47
unlike cars, which have developed
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์งˆ์„œ์ •์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ
17:49
so rapidly and orderly,
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๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
actually the school system is recognizably
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํ•™๊ต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
17:54
an inheritance from the 19th century,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋…์ผ์‹ ํ•™๊ต์ฒด์ œ์˜
17:56
from a Bismarkian model of German schooling
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๋น„์Šค๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค ๋ฐ›์•„,
17:59
that got taken up by English reformers,
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
18:02
and often by
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ํ˜น์€
18:05
religious missionaries,
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์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
18:07
taken up in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฐ์†์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
18:09
as a force of social cohesion,
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์ฑ„ํƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด,
18:11
and then in Japan and South Korea as they developed.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์ผ๋ณธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
It's recognizably 19th century in its roots.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
18:16
And of course it's a huge achievement.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
And of course it will bring great things.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
18:20
It will bring skills and learning and reading.
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๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰, ํ•™์Šต, ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
But it will also lay waste to imagination.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ ,
18:26
It will lay waste to appetite. It will lay waste to social confidence.
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ํ•™์Šต์š•๊ตฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ ๋งˆ์ € ํ™ฉํํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
It will stratify society
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
18:31
as much as it liberates it.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
And we are bequeathing to the developing world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
18:35
school systems that they will now spend
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๋ฌผ๋ ค ์ฃผ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
18:38
a century trying to reform.
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๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ 100๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
That is why we need really radical thinking,
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
and why radical thinking is now
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
18:45
more possible and more needed than ever in how we learn.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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