Charles Leadbeater: Education innovation in the slums

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

It's a great pleasure to be here.

Veliko je zadovoljstvo biti ovdje.

It's a great pleasure to speak after

Veliko je zadovoljstvo govoriti nakon

Brian Cox from CERN.

Briana Coxa iz CERN-a.

I think CERN is the home

Mislim da je CERN dom

of the Large Hadron Collider.

velikog hadronskog sudarača (LHC).

What ever happened to the Small Hadron Collider?

Što se dogodilo s malim hadronskim sudaračem?

Where is the Small Hadron Collider?

Gdje je mali hadronski sudarač?

Because the Small Hadron Collider once was the big thing.

Jer nekada je mali hadronski sudarač bio velika stvar.

Now, the Small Hadron Collider

A sada je mali hadronski sudarač

is in a cupboard, overlooked and neglected.

na polici, neprimjetan i zanemaren.

You know when the Large Hadron Collider started,

Znate, kada je veliki hadronski sudarač započeo

and it didn't work, and people tried to work out why,

i nije uspio i ljudi su pokušavali odgonetnuti zašto nije uspio,

it was the Small Hadron Collider team

ekipa iz malog hadronskog sudarača je to

who sabotaged it

sabotirala

because they were so jealous.

zato što su bili jako ljubomorni.

The whole Hadron Collider family

Cijela obitelj hadronskih sudarača

needs unlocking.

treba otključavanje.

The lesson of Brian's presentation, in a way --

Predavanje Brianove prezentacije, na neki način –

all those fantastic pictures --

sve te fantastične slike –

is this really:

je li to stvarno:

that vantage point determines everything that you see.

taj povoljni trenutak određuje sve što vidite.

What Brian was saying was

Ono što je Brian rekao je to da je

science has opened up successively different vantage points

znanost otvorila uzastopno drugačije povoljne trenutke

from which we can see ourselves,

iz kojih se možemo vidjeti.

and that's why it's so valuable.

I to je ono zbog čega je to toliko dragocjeno.

So the vantage point you take

Dakle, povoljne prilike koje uzmete

determines virtually everything that you will see.

određuju virtualno sve što ćete vidjeti.

The question that you will ask

Pitanje koje ćete postaviti

will determine much of the answer that you get.

odredit će većinu odgovora koji ćete dobiti.

And so if you ask this question:

I ako postavite ovo pitanje:

Where would you look to see the future of education?

Gdje biste gledali da vidite budućnost obrazovanja?

The answer that we've traditionally given to that

Odgovor koji uobičajeno dajemo na ovo pitanje

is very straightforward, at least in the last 20 years:

je veoma jednoznačan, barem u zadnjih 20 godina.

You go to Finland.

Otiđite u Finsku.

Finland is the best place in the world to see school systems.

Finska je najbolje mjesto na svijetu za vidjeti sustav školovanja.

The Finns may be a bit boring and depressive and there's a very high suicide rate,

Finci se možda čine malo dosadnjikavi i depresivni i tamo je jako visok broj samoubojstava,

but by golly, they are qualified.

ali su zasigurno kvalificirani.

And they have absolutely amazing education systems.

I imaju stvarno nevjerojatne sustave obrazovanja.

So we all troop off to Finland,

I tako svi mi zajedno odemo u Finsku i

and we wonder at the social democratic miracle of Finland

čudimo se socijaldemokratskom čudu Finske

and its cultural homogeneity and all the rest of it,

i njenoj kulturne homogenosti i svega ostaloga

and then we struggle to imagine how we might

i onda se borimo zamišljajući kako bismo mogli

bring lessons back.

dovesti neku pouku sa sobom.

Well, so, for this last year,

Dakle, prošlu godinu

with the help of Cisco who sponsored me,

uz pomoć Ciscoa koji me sponzorirao

for some balmy reason, to do this,

da iz nekog razloga ovo napravim,

I've been looking somewhere else.

tražio sam negdje drugdje.

Because actually radical innovation does sometimes

Zato što zapravo radikalne inovacije ponekad

come from the very best,

dolaze od najboljih,

but it often comes from places

ali često dolaze iz mjesta

where you have huge need --

na kojima postoji velika potreba,

unmet, latent demand --

nezadovoljstvo, skriveni zahtjevi

and not enough resources for traditional solutions to work --

i nedovoljno resursa kako bi tradicionalna riješenja radila –

traditional, high-cost solutions,

tradicionalno skupa rješenja

which depend on professionals,

koja ovise o profesionalcima,

which is what schools and hospitals are.

kao što su na primjer škole i bolnice.

So I ended up in places like this.

Pa sam završio na mjestu poput ovog.

This is a place called Monkey Hill.

Ovo mjesto se zove Monkey Hill.

It's one of the hundreds of favelas in Rio.

To je jedna od stotine favela u Riu.

Most of the population growth of the next 50 years

Većina populacije će u sljedećih 50 godina

will be in cities.

biti u gradovima.

We'll grow by six cities of 12 million people a year

Narast ćemo za 6 gradova od 12 milijuna ljudi na godinu

for the next 30 years.

sljedećih 30 godina.

Almost all of that growth will be in the developed world.

Većina tih ljudi će biti u razvijenom svijetu.

Almost all of that growth will be

Gotovo svi ti ljudi će biti

in places like Monkey Hill.

u mjestima poput Monkey Hilla.

This is where you'll find the fastest growing

Ovdje ćete naći najbržu mladu rastuću

young populations of the world.

populaciju na svijetu.

So if you want recipes to work --

Pa ako želite recept za rad –

for virtually anything -- health, education,

za doslovno bilo što – zdravstvo, obrazovanje,

government politics

vladajuću politiku

and education --

i obrazovanje –

you have to go to these places.

morate ići na ta mjesta.

And if you go to these places, you meet people like this.

I ako odete na mjesta poput ovih, srest ćete ljude poput ovih.

This is a guy called Juanderson.

Ovaj se dečko zove Juanderson.

At the age of 14,

U 14-oj godini,

in common with many 14-year-olds in the Brazilian education system,

slično kao i većina četrnaestogodišnjaka u brazilskom obrazovnom sustavu,

he dropped out of school.

napustio je školu.

It was boring.

Bilo je dosadno.

And Juanderson, instead, went into

I Juanderson je, umjesto toga, otišao u

what provided kind of opportunity and hope

nešto što mu je na neki način osiguravalo priliku i nadu

in the place that he lived, which was the drugs trade.

u mjesto na kojemu je živio, to je trgovina drogom.

And by the age of 16, with rapid promotion,

I do šesnaeste godine, s brzim napretkom,

he was running the drugs trade in 10 favelas.

vodio je tržište droge u deset favela.

He was turning over 200,000 dollars a week.

Okretao je preko 200.000 dolara na tjedan.

He employed 200 people.

Zapošljavao je 200 ljudi.

He was going to be dead by the age of 25.

Mogao je biti mrtav do 25. godine.

And luckily, he met this guy,

I srećom, upoznao je jednog dečka,

who is Rodrigo Baggio,

Rodriga Baggia,

the owner of the first laptop to ever appear in Brazil.

vlasnika prvog laptopa koji se ikada pojavio u Brazilu.

1994, Rodrigo started something

1994. godine Rodrigo je započeo nešto

called CDI,

pod imenom CDI,

which took computers

što je predstavljalo uzimanje računala

donated by corporations,

doniranih od raznih korporacija

put them into community centers in favelas

te stavljanje u centre zajednica u favele

and created places like this.

i stvorio je mjesta poput ovih.

What turned Juanderson around

Ono što je promijenilo Juadersona je

was technology for learning

bila tehnologija za učenje

that made learning fun and accessible.

što je učinilo učenje zabavnim i dostupnim.

Or you can go to places like this.

Ili možete otići na mjesta poput ovog.

This is Kibera, which is the largest slum in East Africa.

Ovo je Kibera, najveće predgrađe u istočnoj Africi.

Millions of people living here,

Milijuni ljudi žive ovdje,

stretched over many kilometers.

rašireni na mnogo kilometara.

And there I met these two,

I tamo sam upoznao ove dvije,

Azra on the left, Maureen on the right.

Azra s lijeve strane, Maureen s desne.

They just finished their Kenyan certificate

Baš su završile svoj kenijski program

of secondary education.

srednjoškolskog obrazovanja.

That name should tell you that the Kenyan education system

Taj naziv bi vam trebao govoriti da je kenijsko obrazovanje

borrows almost everything

posudilo gotovo sve

from Britain, circa 1950,

od britanskog, negdje oko 1950.,

but has managed to make it even worse.

ali ga je uspjelo učiniti još i gorim.

So there are schools in slums like this.

Dakle, postoje škole u predgrađima poput ovoga.

They're places like this.

To su ovakva mjesta.

That's where Maureen went to school.

Tu je Maureen išla u školu.

They're private schools. There are no state schools in slums.

To su privatne škole. Ne postoje državne škole u predgrađima.

And the education they got was pitiful.

I obrazovanje koje su dobile bilo je mizerno.

It was in places like this. This a school set up by some nuns

Bilo je na mjestima poput ovoga. Ovo je škola koju su osnovale neke redovnice

in another slum called Nakuru.

u drugom pregrađu zvanom Nakuru.

Half the children in this classroom have no parents

Pola djece u ovoj učionici nema roditelje

because they've died through AIDS.

zato što su umrli od AIDS-a.

The other half have one parent

Druga polovica ima jednog roditelja

because the other parent has died through AIDS.

jer je drugi roditelj umro od AIDS-a.

So the challenges of education

Dakle, izazov obrazovanja

in this kind of place

na ovakvom mjesto

are not to learn the kings and queens of Kenya or Britain.

nije naučiti kraljeve i kraljice Kenije ili Britanije.

They are to stay alive, to earn a living,

Izazov je naučiti kako ostati živ, zaraditi za život,

to not become HIV positive.

ne postati HIV pozitivan.

The one technology that spans rich and poor

Tehnologija koja se širi između bogatih i siromašnih

in places like this

mjesta poput ovoga

is not anything to do with industrial technology.

nema ništa s industrijskom tehnologijom.

It's not to do with electricity or water.

Nema ništa s električnom strujom i vodom.

It's the mobile phone.

To je mobilni telefon.

If you want to design from scratch

Ako želite napraviti doslovno

virtually any service in Africa,

bilo koju službu u Africi,

you would start now with the mobile phone.

sada biste počeli s mobilnim telefonom.

Or you could go to places like this.

Ili možete otići na mjesta poput ovih.

This is a place called the Madangiri Settlement Colony,

Ovo mjesto se zove Madangiri Settlement Colony

which is a very developed slum

i veoma je razvijeno predgrađe,

about 25 minutes outside New Delhi,

nekih 25 minuta izvan New Delhija,

where I met these characters

gdje sam upoznao ove osobe

who showed me around for the day.

koje su bile moji turistički vodiči tijekom dana.

The remarkable thing about these girls,

Osobita stvar kod ovih djevojaka

and the sign of the kind of social revolution

i znak socijalne revolucije

sweeping through the developing world

koja se širi kroz zemlje u razvoju

is that these girls are not married.

je to da te djevojke nisu udane.

Ten years ago, they certainly would have been married.

Prije 10 godina bi zasigurno bile udane.

Now they're not married, and they want to go on

Sada nisu udane i

to study further, to have a career.

žele dalje učiti, imati karijeru.

They've been brought up by mothers who are illiterate,

Podigle su ih majke koje su nepismene,

who have never ever done homework.

koje nikad nisu napisale niti jednu domaću zadaću.

All across the developing world there are millions of parents --

Posvuda u zemljama u razvoju postoje milijuni roditelja,

tens, hundreds of millions --

deset, sto milijuna

who for the first time

koji po prvi puta

are with children doing homework and exams.

s djecom rade domaće zadaće i ispite.

And the reason they carry on studying

A razlog zbog kojega nastavljaju školovanje

is not because they went to a school like this.

je zato što nisu išle u škole poput ovih.

This is a private school.

Ovo je privatna škola.

This is a fee-pay school. This is a good school.

Ovo je škola u kojoj se plaća naknada. Ovo je dobra škola.

This is the best you can get

Ovo je najbolje što možete dobiti

in Hyderabad in Indian education.

u Hyderabadu u indijskom obrazovanju.

The reason they went on studying was this.

Razlog zbog kojeg su išle studirati je ovo.

This is a computer installed in the entrance to their slum

Ovo je računalo instalirano na ulazu u njihovo predgrađe,

by a revolutionary social entrepreneur

a instalirao ga je poduzetnik

called Sugata Mitra

Sugata Mitra

who has conducted the most radical experiments,

koji je izveo većinu ključnih pokusa,

showing that children, in the right conditions,

pokazujući da djeca u pravim uvjetima

can learn on their own with the help of computers.

mogu učiti sama uz pomoć računala.

Those girls have never touched Google.

Te djevojke nikad nisu došle do Googlea.

They know nothing about Wikipedia.

Ne znaju ništa o Wikipediji.

Imagine what their lives would be like

Zamislite kakav bi im život bio

if you could get that to them.

da im to možete dati.

So if you look, as I did,

Dakle, ako pogledate, kao što sam ja učinio

through this tour,

tijekom ovog obilaska,

and by looking at about a hundred case studies

gledajući u oko sto slučaja obrazovanja različitih

of different social entrepreneurs

socijalnih poduzetnika

working in these very extreme conditions,

kako rade u ovim veoma ekstremnim uvjetima,

look at the recipes that they come up with for learning,

pogledajte upute koje su smislili za učenje,

they look nothing like school.

ne izgledaju nimalo kao škola.

What do they look like?

Kako izgledaju?

Well, education is a global religion.

Pa, obrazovanje je globalna religija.

And education, plus technology,

I obrazovanje plus tehnologija

is a great source of hope.

je odličan izvor nade.

You can go to places like this.

Možete otići na mjesta poput ovih.

This is a school three hours outside of Sao Paulo.

Ovo je škola udaljena tri sata od Sao Paula.

Most of the children there have parents who are illiterate.

Većina djece imaju roditelje koji su nepismeni.

Many of them don't have electricity at home.

Mnogi od njih nemaju struje u kućama.

But they find it completely obvious

Ali smatraju potpuno normalnim

to use computers, websites,

upotrebljavati računala, internet stranice,

make videos, so on and so forth.

napraviti video i tako dalje.

When you go to places like this

Kada odete na ovakva mjesta

what you see is that

ono što vidite je da

education in these settings

obrazovanje u ovakvim okolnostima

works by pull, not push.

radi po principu poticaja, a ne guranja.

Most of our education system is push.

Većina našeg sustava obrazovanja je guranje.

I was literally pushed to school.

Doslovno sam natjeran u školu.

When you get to school, things are pushed at you:

Kada dođete u školu prisiljeni ste na neke stvari,

knowledge, exams,

znanje, ispiti,

systems, timetables.

sustavi, rasporedi.

If you want to attract people like Juanderson

Ako želite privući ljude poput Juanandersona

who could, for instance,

koji je na primjer mogao

buy guns, wear jewelry,

kupovati pištolje, nositi nakit,

ride motorbikes and get girls

voziti motore i dobivati djevojke

through the drugs trade,

preko trgovine drogom

and you want to attract him into education,

i želite ga privući obrazovanju

having a compulsory curriculum doesn't really make sense.

uz pomoć obveznog nastavnog plana i programa, to zaista nema smisla.

That isn't really going to attract him.

To ga neće privući.

You need to pull him.

Trebate ga potaknuti.

And so education needs to work by pull, not push.

I tako, obrazovanje treba biti poput povlačenja, a ne guranja.

And so the idea of a curriculum

I tako je ideja nastavnog plana

is completely irrelevant in a setting like this.

potpuno beznačajna u ovakvim okolnostima.

You need to start education

Trebate započeti obrazovanje

from things that make a difference

pomoću stvari koje im znače razliku

to them in their settings.

u njihovom okruženju.

What does that?

Što bi to bilo?

Well, the key is motivation, and there are two aspects to it.

Pa, ključ je motivacija i postoje dva vida toga.

One is to deliver extrinsic motivation,

Jedan je poticati vanjsku motivaciju.

that education has a payoff.

Da se obrazovanje isplati.

Our education systems all work

Naš obrazovni sustav radi

on the principle that there is a payoff,

na principu da se to sve isplati,

but you have to wait quite a long time.

ali morate relativno dugo čekati.

That's too long if you're poor.

To je predugo ako ste siromašni.

Waiting 10 years for the payoff from education

Čekati 10 godina da se obrazovanje

is too long when you need to meet daily needs,

isplati je predugo kad se susrećete s dnevnim potrebama,

when you've got siblings to look after

kad imate braću na koju morate paziti ili

or a business to help with.

posao za koji vam treba pomoć.

So you need education to be relevant and help people

Dakle, trebate obrazovanje koje će biti bitno i pomoći ljudima

to make a living there and then, often.

da žive tamo i tada.

And you also need to make it intrinsically interesting.

I također ga trebate napraviti zanimljivim iznutra.

So time and again, I found people like this.

Dakle, s vremena na vrijeme pronalazim ljude poput ovih.

This is an amazing guy, Sebastiao Rocha,

Ovo je odličan dečko, Sebastiao Rocha

in Belo Horizonte,

u Belo Horizonteu,

in the third largest city in Brazil.

trećem najvećem gradu u Brazilu.

He's invented more than 200 games

Izumio je više od 200 igara

to teach virtually any subject under the sun.

kako naučiti bilo koji predmet pod suncem.

In the schools and communities

U školama i zajednicama

that Taio works in,

u kojima Taio radi

the day always starts in a circle

dan uvijek počinje sjedenjem u krugu

and always starts from a question.

i s postavljanjem pitanja,

Imagine an education system that started from questions,

Zamislite edukacijski sustav koji je započeo pitanjima,

not from knowledge to be imparted,

ne sa znanjem koje se treba pružati,

or started from a game, not from a lesson,

ili s igrom, ne s predavanjem,

or started from the premise

ili s pretpostavkom

that you have to engage people first

da ljude morate aktivirati

before you can possibly teach them.

prije nego što ih uopće možete naučiti nečemu.

Our education systems,

U našim obrazovnim sustavima

you do all that stuff afterward, if you're lucky,

sve te stvari radite poslije, ako imate sreće;

sport, drama, music.

sport, drama, glazba.

These things, they teach through.

Te stvari oni uče kroz obrazovanje.

They attract people to learning

Oni privlače ljude na učenje

because it's really a dance project

jer je to zaista plesni projekt

or a circus project

ili cirkus projekt,

or, the best example of all --

najbolji primjer od svih –

El Sistema in Venezuela --

El Sistema u Venezueli –

it's a music project.

glazbeni projekt.

And so you attract people through that into learning,

I tako kroz to privlačite ljude na učenje,

not adding that on after

ne dodajući da je nakon

all the learning has been done

svega učenje gotovo

and you've eaten your cognitive greens.

i da ste pojeli svoje kognitivno zelenilo.

So El Sistema in Venezuela

Dakle, El Sistema u Venezueli

uses a violin as a technology of learning.

koristi violinu kao tehnologiju učenja.

Taio Rocha uses making soap

Taio Rocha upotrebljava izradu sapuna

as a technology of learning.

kao tehnologiju učenja.

And what you find when you go to these schemes

I ono što pronađete tamo kad odete u te sustave

is that they use people and places

je to da koriste ljude i mjesta

in incredibly creative ways.

na nevjerojatno kreativne načine.

Masses of peer learning.

Masa iskustvenog učenja.

How do you get learning to people

Kako uspijete naučiti ljude

when there are no teachers,

kad nema učitelja,

when teachers won't come, when you can't afford them,

kad učitelji ne žele doći, kada si ih ne možete priuštiti

and even if you do get teachers,

i kada čak i onda kad dobijete učitelje

what they teach isn't relevant to the communities that they serve?

ono što ih naučite nije bitno za zajednicu kojoj služe?

Well, you create your own teachers.

Pa, stvorite vlastite učitelje.

You create peer-to-peer learning,

Stvorite iskustveno učenje

or you create para-teachers, or you bring in specialist skills.

ili pomoćne učitelje ili dovedete vještog specijalista.

But you find ways to get learning that's relevant to people

Ali pronađete načine kako bi učenje postalo ono važno ljudima

through technology, people and places that are different.

kroz tehnologiju, ljude i mjesta koja su različita.

So this is a school in a bus

Dakle, ovo je škola u autobusu

on a building site

na gradilištu

in Pune, the fastest growing city in Asia.

u Puneu, gradu s najvećim porastom stanovništva u Aziji.

Pune has 5,000 building sites.

Pune ima 5.000 gradilišta.

It has 30,000 children

Na tim gradilištima

on those building sites.

je oko 30.000 djece.

That's one city.

To je jedan grad.

Imagine that urban explosion

Zamislite tu urbanu eksploziju

that's going to take place across the developing world

koja će se dogoditi u zemljama u razvoju

and how many thousands of children

i kako će tisuće djece

will spend their school years on building sites.

provesti svoje školske godine na gradilištima.

Well, this is a very simple scheme

Pa, ovo je vrlo jednostavna shema

to get the learning to them through a bus.

da bi im se učenje predstavilo u autobusu.

And they all treat learning,

I svi se ponašaju prema učenju

not as some sort of academic, analytical activity,

ne kao prema nekoj vrsti akademske, analitičke aktivnosti,

but as that's something that's productive,

nego kao prema nečemu što je produktivno,

something you make,

nečemu što napravite,

something that you can do, perhaps earn a living from.

nećemu što sami možete napraviti ili od čega možda možete živjeti.

So I met this character, Steven.

Upoznao sam jednu osobu, Stevena.

He'd spent three years in Nairobi living on the streets

Proveo je tri godine živeći na ulicama Nairobija

because his parents had died of AIDS.

zato što su mu roditelji umrli od AIDS-a.

And he was finally brought back into school,

I konačno je vraćen u školu,

not by the offer of GCSEs,

ne zbog GCSE-a

but by the offer of learning how to become a carpenter,

već zato da bi naučio kako postati stolar,

a practical making skill.

vještina praktične izrade.

So the trendiest schools in the world,

Najpopularnije škole u svijetu,

High Tech High and others,

srednja škola High Tech i ostale,

they espouse a philosophy of learning as productive activity.

zauzimaju filozofiju učenja kao produktivne aktivnosti.

Here, there isn't really an option.

Ovdje to nije opcija.

Learning has to be productive

Učenje mora biti produktivno

in order for it to make sense.

da bi imalo smisla.

And finally, they have a different model of scale,

I u konačnici, imaju drugačije modele rangiranja.

and it's a Chinese restaurant model

I kineski restoran je model

of how to scale.

toga kako rangirati.

And I learned it from this guy,

I to sam naučio od jednog tipa,

who is an amazing character.

koji je sjajna osoba.

He's probably the most remarkable social entrepreneur

On je vjerojatno jedan od najosobitijih socijalnih poduzetnika

in education in the world.

u obrazovanju na svijetu.

His name is Madhav Chavan,

Ime mu je Madhav Chavan

and he created something called Pratham.

i stvorio je nešto zvano Pratham.

And Pratham runs preschool play groups

I Pratham vodi predškolske dječje vrtiće

for, now, 21 million children in India.

za trenutno 21 milijun djece u Indiji.

It's the largest NGO in education in the world.

To je najveća nevladina organizacija u svijetu što se obrazovanja tiče.

And it also supports working-class kids going into Indian schools.

I također podupire djecu iz radničkih obitelji da idu u indijske škole.

He's a complete revolutionary.

Totalni je revolucionar.

He's actually a trade union organizer by background,

Zapravo je u pozadini organizator sindikata.

and that's how he learned the skills

I na taj je način naučio vještine

to build his organization.

kako bi izgradio ovu organizaciju.

When they got to a certain stage,

Kada su došli do određenog stupnja razvoja,

Pratham got big enough to attract

Pratham je postao dovoljno velik da privuče

some pro bono support from McKinsey.

nešto pro bono podrške od McKinseya.

McKinsey came along and looked at his model and said,

McKinsey je došao i pogledao ovaj model i rekao:

"You know what you should do with this, Madhav?

"Znate što trebate učiniti s ovim Madhav?

You should turn it into McDonald's.

Trebate to pretvoriti u McDonalds.

And what you do when you go to any new site

I ono što ćete učiniti kada dođete na bilo koje novo gradilište je

is you kind of roll out a franchise.

nešto poput franšize.

And it's the same wherever you go.

I isto je gdje god odete.

It's reliable and people know exactly where they are.

Pouzdano je i ljudi znaju točno gdje ste.

And there will be no mistakes."

I neće biti zabune."

And Madhav said,

I Madhav je rekao,

"Why do we have to do it that way?

"Zašto to moramo učiniti na taj način?

Why can't we do it more like the Chinese restaurants?"

Zašto to ne bismo učinili poput kineskih restorana?“

There are Chinese restaurants everywhere,

Posvuda postoje kineski restorani,

but there is no Chinese restaurant chain.

ali ne postoji lanac kineskih restorana.

Yet, everyone knows what is a Chinese restaurant.

No ipak, svi znaju što je kineski restoran.

They know what to expect, even though it'll be subtly different

Znaju što očekivati, čak i ako će biti malo drugačije

and the colors will be different and the name will be different.

i boje će biti drugačije i ime će biti drugačije.

You know a Chinese restaurant when you see it.

Prepoznajete kineski restoran kada ga vidite.

These people work with the Chinese restaurant model --

Ovi ljudi rade s modelom kineskog restorana.

same principles, different applications and different settings --

Isti principi, drugačiji zahtjevi i drugačije postavke.

not the McDonald's model.

Ne model McDonaldsa.

The McDonald's model scales.

Model McDonaldsa se rangira.

The Chinese restaurant model spreads.

Model kineskog restorana se širi.

So mass education

Dakle, masovno obrazovanje

started with social entrepreneurship

započelo je sa socijalnim poduzetništvom

in the 19th century.

u 19. stoljeću.

And that's desperately what we need again

I to je ono što očajnički trebamo

on a global scale.

na globalnoj razini.

And what can we learn from all of that?

I što iz svega toga možemo naučiti?

Well, we can learn a lot

Pa, možemo mnogo naučiti

because our education systems

zato što naši obrazovni sustavi

are failing desperately in many ways.

očajnički podbacuju na mnogo načina.

They fail to reach the people

Podbacuju u tome da dopru do ljudi

they most need to serve.

u onome što najviše trebaju kako bi shvatili.

They often hit their target but miss the point.

Često pogode metu, ali promaše poantu.

Improvement is increasingly

Napredak je sve

difficult to organize;

teže organizirati.

our faith in these systems, incredibly fraught.

Naša je vjera u sustave nevjerojatno velika.

And this is just a very simple way of

I ovo je samo jednostavan način

understanding what kind of innovation,

razumijevanja kakvu vrstu inovacije

what kind of different design we need.

i kakvu vrstu drugačijeg dizajna trebamo.

There are two basic types of innovation.

Postoje dva osnovna tipa inovacija.

There's sustaining innovation,

Održavajuća inovacija

which will sustain an existing institution or an organization,

koja će održati postojeću instituciju ili organizaciju

and disruptive innovation

i ometajuća inovacija

that will break it apart, create some different way of doing it.

koja će to slomiti i stvoriti drugačiji način na koji će se to raditi.

There are formal settings --

Postoje formalne postavke,

schools, colleges, hospitals --

škole, fakulteti, bolnice,

in which innovation can take place,

u kojima inovacije mogu zauzeti mjesto

and informal settings -- communities,

i neformalne postavke, zajednice,

families, social networks.

obitelji, društvene mreže.

Almost all our effort goes in this box,

Gotovo sav naš napor ide u ovu kutiju,

sustaining innovation in formal settings,

održavanje inovacija u formalnim postavkama

getting a better version

kako bi dobili bolju verziju

of the essentially Bismarckian school system

Bismarckovskog školskog sustava

that developed in the 19th century.

koji se razvio u 19. stoljeću.

And as I said, the trouble with this is that,

I kao što sam rekao, problem s time je to što

in the developing world

u zemljama u razvoju

there just aren't teachers to make this model work.

nema učitelja pomoću kojih bi ovaj model radio.

You'd need millions and millions of teachers

Trebali bi nam milijuni i milijuni učitelja

in China, India, Nigeria

u Kini, Indiji, Nigeriji

and the rest of developing world to meet need.

i ostatku zemalja u razvoju da bismo zadovoljili potrebe.

And in our system, we know

A u našem sustavu, znamo

that simply doing more of this won't eat into

da jednostavno djelovanje više od ovog neće uzrokovati

deep educational inequalities,

duboke obrazovne nejednakosti,

especially in inner cities

posebno u unutrašnjim gradovima

and former industrial areas.

i bivšim industrijskim područjima.

So that's why we need three more kinds of innovation.

Eto zašto trebamo više vrsta inovacija.

We need more reinvention.

Trebamo više ponovljenih izuma.

And all around the world now you see

I svuda po svijetu vidite sve

more and more schools reinventing themselves.

više škola kako se ponovno uspostavljaju.

They're recognizably schools, but they look different.

To su prepoznatljive škole, ali izgledaju drugačije.

There are Big Picture schools

Tu su Big Picture škole

in the U.S. and Australia.

u SAD-u i Australiji.

There are Kunskapsskolan schools

Tu su Kunscap Skolan škole

in Sweden.

u Švedskoj.

Of 14 of them,

Od njih četrnaest,

only two of them are in schools.

samo dvije su u školama.

Most of them are in other buildings not designed as schools.

Većina ih je u drugim zgradama koje nisu dizajnirane kao škole.

There is an amazing school in Northen Queensland

Tu je nevjerojatna škola u Sjevernom Queenslandu

called Jaringan.

pod imenom Jaringan.

And they all have the same kind of features:

I sve imaju iste značajke,

highly collaborative, very personalized,

visoko suradničke, veoma personalizirane,

often pervasive technology,

često prožete tehnologijom.

learning that starts from questions

Učenje koje počinje od pitanja

and problems and projects,

i problema i projekata,

not from knowledge and curriculum.

a ne od znanja i nastavnog plana.

So we certainly need more of that.

Stoga definitivno trebamo više toga.

But because so many of the issues in education

Ali zato što mnogo pitanja u obrazovanju

aren't just in school,

nije samo u školama,

they're in family and community,

već su u obiteljima i zajednicama,

what you also need, definitely,

još nešto što definitivno trebate

is more on the right hand side.

je više na desnoj strani.

You need efforts to supplement schools.

Trebate napore da biste nadomjestili škole.

The most famous of these is Reggio Emilia in Italy,

Najpoznatija od njih je Reggio Emilia u Italiji,

the family-based learning system

obiteljski baziran sustav učenja

to support and encourage people in schools.

koji podržava i potiče ljude u školama.

The most exciting is the Harlem Children's Zone,

Najuzbudljivija je Harlem dječja zona,

which over 10 years, led by Geoffrey Canada,

koja već preko 10 godina pod vodstvom Geoffreya Canadea

has, through a mixture of schooling

kroz kombinaciju školskih,

and family and community projects,

obiteljskih i projekata zajednice

attempted to transform not just education in schools,

pokušava promijeniti ne samo edukaciju u školama

but the entire culture and aspiration

već cijelu kulturu i težnje

of about 10,000 families in Harlem.

kod oko 10.000 obitelji u Harlemu.

We need more of that

Trebamo više takvog

completely new and radical thinking.

potpuno novog i radikalnog razmišljanja.

You can go to places an hour away, less,

Možete otići na mjesta koja su samo sat vremena udaljena

from this room,

od ove prostorije,

just down the road, which need that,

niz cestu, koja trebaju tako nešto,

which need radicalism of a kind that we haven't imagined.

koja trebaju radikalizam na način koji nismo ni zamišljali.

And finally, you need transformational innovation

I konačno, trebate transformacijsku inovaciju

that could imagine getting learning to people

koja bi omogućila da prikažemo ljudima učenje

in completely new and different ways.

na potpuno nove i drugačije načine.

So we are on the verge, 2015,

Dakle, na rubu smo, 2015.,

of an amazing achievement,

nevjerojatnog dostignuća,

the schoolification of the world.

obrazovanja svijeta.

Every child up to the age of 15 who wants a place in school

Svako dijete do 15 godine koje želi mjesto u školi

will be able to have one in 2015.

će ga moći dobiti 2015.

It's an amazing thing.

To je nevjerojatna stvar.

But it is,

Ali je,

unlike cars, which have developed

za razliku od auta koji su se razvili

so rapidly and orderly,

tako brzo i uredno,

actually the school system is recognizably

školski sustav zapravo prepoznatljivo

an inheritance from the 19th century,

nasljeđe iz 19. stoljeća

from a Bismarkian model of German schooling

od Bismarckovog modela njemačkog školovanja

that got taken up by English reformers,

koje su preuzeli engleski reformatori,

and often by

i često

religious missionaries,

religiozni misionari

taken up in the United States

i preuzeto je u SAD-u

as a force of social cohesion,

kao sila socijalne kohezije

and then in Japan and South Korea as they developed.

i onda u Japanu i Južnoj Koreji kako su se razvijale.

It's recognizably 19th century in its roots.

19. stoljeće prepoznatljivo je u korijenima.

And of course it's a huge achievement.

I naravno da je to veliko dostignuće.

And of course it will bring great things.

I naravno da će donijeti odlične stvari.

It will bring skills and learning and reading.

Donijet će vještine i učenje i čitanje.

But it will also lay waste to imagination.

Ali će također uništiti maštu.

It will lay waste to appetite. It will lay waste to social confidence.

Uništit će apetit. Uništit će društveno povjerenje.

It will stratify society

Ali će također stratificirati društvo

as much as it liberates it.

što je liberalnije moguće.

And we are bequeathing to the developing world

I sada nagoviještamo školskim sustavima svijeta

school systems that they will now spend

u razvoju kako će sada potrošiti

a century trying to reform.

stoljeće pokušavajući se reformirati.

That is why we need really radical thinking,

Zato trebamo radikalno razmišljanje,

and why radical thinking is now

i zato je radikalno razmišljanje sada

more possible and more needed than ever in how we learn.

moguće i potrebnije nego ikada u tome kako učimo.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam.