JP Rangaswami: Information is food

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Aleksandra Jovovic Lektor: Miloš Milosavljević

I love my food.

Volim hranu.

And I love information.

I volim informacije.

My children usually tell me

Moja deca mi obično kažu

that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other.

da je jedna od tih strasti malo očiglednija od druge.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so

Ono što želim da uradim u sledećih osam minuta

is to take you through how those passions developed,

je da vas provedem kroz to kako su se ove strasti razvile

the point in my life when the two passions merged,

u mom životu do tačke kada su se spojile,

the journey of learning that took place from that point.

put učenja koje je počelo od tog trenutka.

And one idea I want to leave you with today

Jedna ideja koju danas hoću da vam prenesem je

is what would would happen differently in your life

šta bi se drugačije desilo u vašem životu

if you saw information the way you saw food?

kada biste na informaciju gledali na način na koji vidite hranu?

I was born in Calcutta --

Rođen sam u Kalkuti -

a family where my father and his father before him

u porodici gde su moj otac i njegov otac pre njega

were journalists,

bili novinari

and they wrote magazines in the English language.

i pisali su časopise na engleskom jeziku.

That was the family business.

To je bio porodični posao.

And as a result of that,

I kao rezultat toga

I grew up with books everywhere around the house.

odrastao sam sa knjigama svuda po kući.

And I mean books everywhere around the house.

I to baš svuda po kući.

And that's actually a shop in Calcutta,

To je u stvari prodavnica u Kalkuti,

but it's a place where we like our books.

ali to je mesto gde volimo svoje knjige.

In fact, I've got 38,000 of them now

U stvari, sada ih imam 38.000

and no Kindle in sight.

i nema Kindle-a ni na pomolu.

But growing up as a child with the books around everywhere,

Ali odrastajući kao dete okruženo knjigama,

with people to talk to about those books,

sa ljudima sa kojima sam mogao da pričam o tim knjigama,

this wasn't a sort of slightly learned thing.

to nije bila tek uzgred naučena stvar.

By the time I was 18, I had a deep passion for books.

Do trenutka kada sam napunio 18, imao sam snažnu strast prema knjigama.

It wasn't the only passion I had.

To nije bila jedina strast koju sam imao.

I was a South Indian

Ja sam iz južne Indije

brought up in Bengal.

odrastao u Bengalu.

And two of the things about Bengal:

I postoje dve stvari u vezi sa Bengalom:

they like their savory dishes

oni vole svoja slana jela

and they like their sweets.

i vole svoje slatkiše.

So by the time I grew up,

Tako da, kad sam odrastao

again, I had a well-established passion for food.

imao sam čvrsto uspostavljenu strast prema hrani.

Now I was growing up in the late '60s and early '70s,

Odrastao sam kasnih '60-ih i ranih '70-ih godina

and there were a number of other passions I was also interested in,

i postojale su brojne druge strasti za koje sam takođe bio zainteresovan

but these two were the ones that differentiated me.

ali pomenute dve su bile one zbog kojih sam se razlikovao.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then life was fine, dandy.

Život je bio dobar, ugodan.

Everything was okay,

Sve je bilo OK,

until I got to about the age of 26,

dok nisam napunio 26 godina

and I went to a movie called "Short Circuit."

i odgledao film "Kratak spoj".

Oh, some of you have seen it.

Aha, neki od vas su ga gledali.

And apparently it's being remade right now

Sada se snima rimejk

and it's going to be coming out next year.

i izaći će sledeće godine.

It's the story of this experimental robot

To je priča o eksperimentalnom robotu

which got electrocuted and found a life.

koga je pogodio električni udar i oživeo ga.

And as it ran, this thing was saying, "Give me input. Give me input."

I dok je trčala, ova stvar je govorila: "Daj mi input. Daj mi input."

And I suddenly realized that for a robot

I odjednom sam shvatio da su za robota

both information as well as food

i informacija i hrana

were the same thing.

bile ista stvar.

Energy came to it in some form or shape,

Energija mu je dolazila u nekoj formi i obliku,

data came to it in some form or shape.

podaci su mu dolazili u nekoj formi i obliku.

And I began to think,

I počeo sam da razmišljam,

I wonder what it would be like

da se pitam kako bi bilo

to start imagining myself

da počnem da zamišljam sebe

as if energy and information were the two things I had as input --

kao da su energija i informacije dve stvari koje imam kao input -

as if food and information were similar in some form or shape.

kao da su hrana i informacije slični u nekom obliku.

I started doing some research then, and this was the 25-year journey,

Onda sam počeo malo da istražujem i to je putovanje koje je trajalo 25 godina

and started finding out

i počeo sam da otkrivam

that actually human beings as primates

da, u stvari, ljudska bića kao primati

have far smaller stomachs

imaju daleko manji želudac

than should be the size for our body weight

nego što bi trebalo da imaju za našu telesnu težinu

and far larger brains.

i daleko veći mozak.

And as I went to research that even further,

I kako sam to istraživao još dalje

I got to a point where I discovered something

stigao sam do tačke gde sam otkrio nešto

called the expensive tissue hypothesis.

što se zove hipoteza skupih tkiva.

That actually for a given body mass of a primate

Da je u stvari, za datu telesnu masu primata,

the metabolic rate was static.

metabolizam bio statičan.

What changed was the balance of the tissues available.

Ono što se menjalo je odnos između raspoloživih tkiva.

And two of the most expensive tissues in our human body

A dva najskuplja tkiva u našem telu

are nervous tissue and digestive tissue.

su nervno tkivo i tkivo digestivnog trakta.

And what transpired was that people had put forward a hypothesis

I dogodilo se to da su ljudi izneli hipotezu

that was apparently coming up with some fabulous results by about 1995.

koja je davala odlične rezultate do otprilike 1995.

It's a lady named Leslie Aiello.

to je gospođa koja se zove Lesli Ajelo.

And the paper then suggested that you traded one for the other.

Rad je sugerisao da se zamenjuje jedno za drugo.

If you wanted your brain for a particular body mass to be large,

Ako želite da vaš mozak za određenu telesnu težinu bude veći,

you had to live with a smaller gut.

morate živeti sa manjim stomakom.

That then set me off completely

To me je zaista pokrenulo da kažem

to say, Okay, these two are connected.

"U redu, ove dve stvari su povezane".

So I looked at the cultivation of information as if it were food

Zato sam razmotrio uzgajanje informacija kao da su hrana

and said, So we were hunter-gathers of information.

i rekao sam: "Bili smo lovci-sakupljači informacija."

We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.

Napredovali smo do toga da smo postali farmeri i uzgajivači informacija.

Does that really explain what we're seeing

Da li to zaista objašnjava ono što vidimo

with the intellectual property battles nowadays?

u današnjim borbama oko intelektualnog vlasništva?

Because those people who were hunter-gatherers in origin

Zato što su ti ljudi koji su izvorno bili lovci-sakupljači

wanted to be free and roam and pick up information as they wanted,

hteli da budu slobodni i lutaju i skupljaju informacije kako žele,

and those that were in the business of farming information

a oni koji su se bavili poslom uzgajanja informacija

wanted to build fences around it,

hteli su da sagrade ograde oko njih,

create ownership and wealth and structure and settlement.

stvore vlasništvo, bogatstvo, strukturu i naselja.

So there was always going to be a tension within that.

Oduvek je trebalo da postoji tenzija unutar toga.

And everything I saw in the cultivation

I sve što sam video unutar kultivacije

said there were huge fights amongst the foodies

govorilo je da je bilo velikih borbi među ljubiteljima hrane,

between the cultivators and the hunter-gatherers.

između uzgajivača i lovaca-sakupljača.

And this is happening here.

I to se događa ovde.

When I moved to preparation, this same thing was true,

Kada sam prešao na pripremu ova ista stvar je važila

expect that there were two schools.

osim što su tu postojale dve škole.

One group of people said you can distill your information,

Jedna grupa ljudi je tvrdila da se informacije mogu destilovati,

you can extract value, separate it and serve it up,

vrednost se može ekstrahovati, izdvojiti i poslužiti,

while another group turned around

dok je druga grupa uzvratila

and said no, no you can ferment it.

i rekla: Ne, ne. Možete ih fermentisati.

You bring it all together and mash it up

Spojte ih sve i izmešajte

and the value emerges that way.

i vrednost se na taj način pojavljuje.

The same is again true with information.

Ista stvar opet važi za informacije.

But consumption was where it started getting really enjoyable.

Ali konzumiranje je ono gde je počelo da postaje stvarno zabavno.

Because what I began to see then

Jer ono što sam tada počeo da uviđam je to

was there were so many different ways people would consume this.

da postoji toliko mnogo različitih načina na koje bi ljudi ovo konzumirali.

They'd buy it from the shop as raw ingredients.

Kupili bi ih u prodavnici kao sirove sastojke.

Do you cook it? Do you have it served to you?

Da li ih kuvate? Da li vam ih poslužuju?

Do you go to a restaurant?

Da li idete u restoran?

The same is true every time as I started thinking about information.

Isto je važilo svaki put kada bih počeo da razmišljam o informacijama.

The analogies were getting crazy --

Analogije su počele da bivaju sve luđe -

that information had sell-by dates,

informacije imaju rokove za prodaju,

that people had misused information that wasn't dated properly

ljudi su zloupotrebljavali informacije koje nisu nosile propisan datum

and could really make an effect on the stock market,

i mogli su zaista da imaju uticaj na berzu,

on corporate values, etc.

korporativne vrednosti itd.

And by this time I was hooked.

I do tog trenutka sam već bio navučen.

And this is about 23 years into this process.

Sada sam oko 23 godine u ovom procesu.

And I began to start thinking of myself

I počeo sam da razmišljam o sebi

as we start having mash-ups of fact and fiction,

kako smo počeli da mešamo činjenice i fikciju,

docu-dramas, mockumentaries, whatever you call it.

doku-drame, pseudo-dokumentarce, kako god da ih zovete.

Are we going to reach the stage

Da li ćemo dostići nivo

where information has a percentage for fact associated with it?

gde će informacija po definiciji sadržati određen procenat istine?

We start labeling information for the fact percentage?

Krenućemo da obeležavamo informacije prema procentu istine u njima?

Are we going to start looking at what happens

Da li ćemo početi da posmatramo ono što se događa

when your information source is turned off, as a famine?

kada je izvor informacija isključen, kao glad?

Which brings me to the final element of this.

Što me dovodi do poslednjeg elementa.

Clay Shirky once stated that there is no such animal as information overload,

Klej Širki je jednom izjavio da ne postoji takva stvar

there is only filter failure.

kao što je pretrpanost informacijama, postoji samo neuspešno filtriranje.

I put it to you that information,

Predočio sam vam da informacija,

if viewed from the point of food,

ako je posmatrana iz ugla hrane,

is never a production issue; you never speak of food overload.

nikad nije problem proizvodnje; nikad se ne govori o pretrpanosti hranom.

Fundamentally it's a consumption issue.

U osnovi to je problem konzumiranja.

And we have to start thinking

I moramo da počnemo da se pitamo

about how we create diets within ourselves, exercise within ourselves,

kako da napravimo sopstvene dijete, sopstvene vežbe,

to have the faculties to be able to deal with information,

da bismo stekli sposobnosti da se nosimo sa informacijama,

to have the labeling to be able to do it responsibly.

da ih obeležavamo kako bismo radili to odgovorno.

In fact, when I saw "Supersize Me," I starting thinking of saying,

U stvari, kada sam odgledao "Super veliki ja",

počeo sam da razmišljam o tome šta bi se dogodilo

What would happen

if an individual had 31 days nonstop Fox News?

ako bi neko 31 dan neprekidno gledao Fox News?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Would there be time to be able to work with it?

Da li bi imao vremena da to obradi?

So you start really understanding

Tako da počinjete zaista da shvatate

that you can have diseases, toxins, a need to balance your diet,

da možete imati bolesti, toksine, potrebu da uravnotežite ishranu

and once you start looking, and from that point on,

i čim počnete da posmatrate i od tog trenutka nadalje

everything I have done in terms of the consumption of information,

sve što sam uradio u vezi sa konzumacijom informacija,

the production of information, the preparation of information,

proizvodnjom informacija, pripremom informacija,

I've looked at from the viewpoint of food.

sve sam posmatrao sa stanovišta hrane.

It has probably not helped my waistline any

To verovatno nije pomoglo mom obimu struka

because I like practicing on both sides.

zato što volim da vežbam na obe strane.

But I'd like to leave you with just that question:

Ali bih voleo da vas ostavim samo sa tim pitanjem:

If you began to think of all the information that you consume

ako biste počeli da mislite o informacijama koje konzumirate

the way you think of food,

na način na koji mislite o hrani,

what would you do differently?

šta biste uradili drugačije?

Thank you very much for your time.

Hvala vam mnogo na vašem vremenu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)