JP Rangaswami: Information is food

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevoditelj: Suzana Baric Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

I love my food.

Volim hranu.

And I love information.

Volim i informacije.

My children usually tell me

Moja djeca obično mi kažu

that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other.

da je jedna od te dvije strasti malo očitija od druge.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so

Ali ono što želim učiniti u sljedećih osam minuta

is to take you through how those passions developed,

jest provesti vas kroz načine na koje su se te strasti razvile,

the point in my life when the two passions merged,

trenutak u mom životu kada su se te dvije strasti sjedinile,

the journey of learning that took place from that point.

put učenja koji se odvijao od tog trena.

And one idea I want to leave you with today

A jedna ideja s kojom želim da odete danas

is what would would happen differently in your life

jest što bi se drugačije odvijalo u vašem životu

if you saw information the way you saw food?

kada biste na informacije gledali kao što gledate na hranu?

I was born in Calcutta --

Rodio sam se u Calcutti --

a family where my father and his father before him

u obitelji u kojoj su moj otac i njegov otac prije njega

were journalists,

bili novinari,

and they wrote magazines in the English language.

i pisali su časopise na engleskom jeziku.

That was the family business.

To je bio obiteljski posao.

And as a result of that,

Kao posljedica toga,

I grew up with books everywhere around the house.

odrastao sam s knjigama svuda po kući.

And I mean books everywhere around the house.

I stvarno mislim svuda po kući.

And that's actually a shop in Calcutta,

To je zapravo trgovina u Calcutti,

but it's a place where we like our books.

ali to je mjesto gdje volimo svoje knjige.

In fact, I've got 38,000 of them now

U biti, imam ih 38.000 sada,

and no Kindle in sight.

a nigdje na vidiku Kindle-a.

But growing up as a child with the books around everywhere,

Ali odrastajući kao dijete s knjigama posvuda okolo,

with people to talk to about those books,

s ljudima s kojima sam mogao razgovarati o tim knjigama,

this wasn't a sort of slightly learned thing.

to baš i nije bila pomalo naučena stvar.

By the time I was 18, I had a deep passion for books.

Do svoje 18. godine, imao sam duboku strast prema knjigama.

It wasn't the only passion I had.

Nije to bila jedina strast koju sam imao.

I was a South Indian

Bio sam južni Indijac

brought up in Bengal.

odrastao u Bengalu.

And two of the things about Bengal:

Postoje dvije stvari kod Bengala:

they like their savory dishes

oni vole svoja ukusna jela

and they like their sweets.

i vole svoje slatkiše.

So by the time I grew up,

Do kada sam odrastao,

again, I had a well-established passion for food.

ponavljam, imao sam dobro razvijenu strast prema hrani.

Now I was growing up in the late '60s and early '70s,

Odrastao sam u kasnim 60-ima i ranim 70-ima,

and there were a number of other passions I was also interested in,

i postojao je niz strasti koje su me također zanimale,

but these two were the ones that differentiated me.

ali ove dvije su bile one koje su me razlikovale od drugih.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And then life was fine, dandy.

A život je bio lijep, fin.

Everything was okay,

Sve je bilo u redu,

until I got to about the age of 26,

dok nisam navršio nekih 26 godina

and I went to a movie called "Short Circuit."

i pogledao film "Kratki spoj".

Oh, some of you have seen it.

O, neki od vas su ga gledali.

And apparently it's being remade right now

I navodno da se upravo snima remake

and it's going to be coming out next year.

koji će izaći sljedeće godine.

It's the story of this experimental robot

To je priča o pokusnom robotu

which got electrocuted and found a life.

kojeg je ubila struja i pronašao je život.

And as it ran, this thing was saying, "Give me input. Give me input."

I kako je trčala, ta stvar je govorila: "Dajte mi input. Dajte mi input."

And I suddenly realized that for a robot

I odjednom sam shvatio da su za robota

both information as well as food

informacije i hrana

were the same thing.

bile ista stvar.

Energy came to it in some form or shape,

Energija mu je dolazila u nekoj formi ili obliku,

data came to it in some form or shape.

podaci su mu dolazili u nekoj formi ili obliku.

And I began to think,

I počeo sam razmišljati,

I wonder what it would be like

pitao sam se kako bi bilo

to start imagining myself

kada bih počeo zamišljati sebe

as if energy and information were the two things I had as input --

kao da su mi energija i informacije dvije stvari koje su input --

as if food and information were similar in some form or shape.

kao da su hrana i informacija slične u nekoj formi ili obliku.

I started doing some research then, and this was the 25-year journey,

Tada sam počeo istraživati, a to je bilo 25-ogodišnje putovanje,

and started finding out

i počeo otkrivati

that actually human beings as primates

da ljudska bića kao primati

have far smaller stomachs

imaju mnogo manje želuce

than should be the size for our body weight

nego što bi trebali biti za našu tjelesnu masu

and far larger brains.

i mnogo veće mozgove.

And as I went to research that even further,

I kako sam to još više istraživao,

I got to a point where I discovered something

došao sam do točke gdje sam otkrio nešto

called the expensive tissue hypothesis.

što se zove hipoteza skupog tkiva.

That actually for a given body mass of a primate

Prema toj hipotezi, za određenu tjelesnu masu primata

the metabolic rate was static.

brzina metabolizma je statična.

What changed was the balance of the tissues available.

Ono što se mijenjalo je ravnoteža raspoloživih tkiva.

And two of the most expensive tissues in our human body

A dva od najskupljih tkiva u našim ljudskim tijelima

are nervous tissue and digestive tissue.

su živčana tkiva i tkiva probavnog sustava.

And what transpired was that people had put forward a hypothesis

Dogodilo se da su ljudi postavili hipotezu

that was apparently coming up with some fabulous results by about 1995.

koja je naoko davala odlične rezultate do negdje 1995.

It's a lady named Leslie Aiello.

To je gospođa koja se zove Leslie Aiello.

And the paper then suggested that you traded one for the other.

A rad je predlagao da mijenjamo jedno za drugo.

If you wanted your brain for a particular body mass to be large,

Ako ste željeli da vaš mozak za određenu tjelesnu masu bude velik,

you had to live with a smaller gut.

morali ste živjeti sa slabijim apetitom.

That then set me off completely

To me onda zbilja razljutilo

to say, Okay, these two are connected.

i rekao sam: "Dobro, to dvoje je povezano."

So I looked at the cultivation of information as if it were food

Pa sam razmotrio uzgoj informacija kao da su one hrana

and said, So we were hunter-gathers of information.

i rekao: Mi smo bili lovci-sakupljači informacija.

We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.

Napredovali smo od toga i postali poljoprivrednici i uzgajivači informacija.

Does that really explain what we're seeing

Objašnjava li to uistinu ono što vidimo

with the intellectual property battles nowadays?

kod borbi oko intelektualnog vlasništva danas?

Because those people who were hunter-gatherers in origin

Zato što su ti ljudi koji su u početku bili lovci-sakupljači

wanted to be free and roam and pick up information as they wanted,

htjeli biti slobodni, tumarati i skupljati informacije kako su htjeli,

and those that were in the business of farming information

a oni koji su se bavili uzgojem informacija

wanted to build fences around it,

htjeli su sagraditi ograde oko njih,

create ownership and wealth and structure and settlement.

stvoriti vlasništvo i bogatstvo i strukturu i naseobinu.

So there was always going to be a tension within that.

Dakle, uvijek će postojati napetost unutar toga.

And everything I saw in the cultivation

I sve što sam vidio u uzgoju

said there were huge fights amongst the foodies

govorilo je da postoje ogromne borbe među foodie-ima

between the cultivators and the hunter-gatherers.

između uzgajivača i lovaca-sakupljača.

And this is happening here.

I to se događa ovdje.

When I moved to preparation, this same thing was true,

Kada sam došao do pripreme, ta ista stvar je bila točna,

expect that there were two schools.

osim što su postojale dvije škole.

One group of people said you can distill your information,

Jedna grupa ljudi tvrdila je da se informacije mogu destilirati,

you can extract value, separate it and serve it up,

da možemo izlučiti vrijednost, odvojiti je i servirati je,

while another group turned around

dok se druga grupa suprotstavila tome

and said no, no you can ferment it.

i rekla: "Ne, ne. Možete je obraditi vrenjem."

You bring it all together and mash it up

Sve stavite skupa i izgnječite

and the value emerges that way.

i vrijednost na taj način izbije na površinu.

The same is again true with information.

Isto je opet točno s informacijama.

But consumption was where it started getting really enjoyable.

Ali konzumiranje je dio kod kojeg se moglo uživati.

Because what I began to see then

Zato što sam onda počeo uviđati

was there were so many different ways people would consume this.

kako postoji mnogo različitih načina na koje bi ljudi to konzumirali.

They'd buy it from the shop as raw ingredients.

Kupili bi ih u trgovini kao sirove sastojke.

Do you cook it? Do you have it served to you?

Hoćete li ih skuhati? Hoćete li naručiti dostavu?

Do you go to a restaurant?

Hoćete li otići u restoran?

The same is true every time as I started thinking about information.

Svaki put kada bih razmislio, sve bi vrijedilo i za informacije.

The analogies were getting crazy --

Usporedbe su postajale lude --

that information had sell-by dates,

informacije imaju rok trajanja,

that people had misused information that wasn't dated properly

ljudi su zloupotrebljavali informacije koje nisu bilo ispravno datirane

and could really make an effect on the stock market,

i zbilja su mogli utjecati na burzu,

on corporate values, etc.

na korporacijske vrijednosti, itd.

And by this time I was hooked.

I tada sam se već navukao na sve to.

And this is about 23 years into this process.

I to je bilo 23 godine nakon što je taj proces započeo.

And I began to start thinking of myself

I počeo sam razmišljati o sebi

as we start having mash-ups of fact and fiction,

kao kada se počnu ispreplitati činjenice i fikcija,

docu-dramas, mockumentaries, whatever you call it.

doku-drame, pseudodokumentarci, kako god ih zovete.

Are we going to reach the stage

Hoćemo li dostići stupanj

where information has a percentage for fact associated with it?

gdje informacija ima postotak činjenice s kojom je povezana?

We start labeling information for the fact percentage?

Počet ćemo etiketirati informacije prema postotku činjenice?

Are we going to start looking at what happens

Zar ćemo početi gledati na ono što se događa

when your information source is turned off, as a famine?

kada se vaš izvor informacije ugasi, kao glad?

Which brings me to the final element of this.

To me dovodi do posljednjeg dijela.

Clay Shirky once stated that there is no such animal as information overload,

Clay Shirky jednom je rekao da ne postoji preoterećenje informacijama,

there is only filter failure.

postoji samo neuspjeh u filtriranju.

I put it to you that information,

Kažem vam da informacije,

if viewed from the point of food,

ako se promatraju s gledišta hrane,

is never a production issue; you never speak of food overload.

nikada nisu problem proizvodnje; nikad ne govorimo o preopterećenju hranom.

Fundamentally it's a consumption issue.

U osnovi je to problem konzumacije.

And we have to start thinking

I moramo početi razmišljati

about how we create diets within ourselves, exercise within ourselves,

o načinu na koji stvaramo način prehrane za sebe, vježbamo unutar sebe,

to have the faculties to be able to deal with information,

moramo imati sposobnosti da bismo se mogli nositi s informacijama,

to have the labeling to be able to do it responsibly.

imati oznake da bismo to mogli učiniti odgovorno.

In fact, when I saw "Supersize Me," I starting thinking of saying,

U biti, kada sam odgledao "Supersize Me", počeo sam razmišljati o tome

What would happen

što bi se dogodilo

if an individual had 31 days nonstop Fox News?

kada bi pojedinac 31 dan neprekidno gledao Fox-ove Vijesti?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Would there be time to be able to work with it?

Bi li bilo vremena da se s time radi?

So you start really understanding

Pa tako počnete stvarno shvaćati

that you can have diseases, toxins, a need to balance your diet,

da možete imati bolesti, toksine, potrebu da uravnotežite svoj način prehrane,

and once you start looking, and from that point on,

i jednom kad počnete gledati, i od tog trena na dalje,

everything I have done in terms of the consumption of information,

sve što sam radio vezano uz konzumaciju informacija,

the production of information, the preparation of information,

proizvodnju informacija, pripremu informacija,

I've looked at from the viewpoint of food.

sve sam to promatrao s gledišta hrane.

It has probably not helped my waistline any

To vjerojatno nije pomoglo mojoj liniji

because I like practicing on both sides.

zato što volim prakticirati na obje strane.

But I'd like to leave you with just that question:

Ali volio bih da odete upravo s ovim pitanjem:

If you began to think of all the information that you consume

Kada biste počeli razmišljati o informacijama koje konzumirate

the way you think of food,

na način na koji razmišljate o hrani,

what would you do differently?

što biste učinili drugačije?

Thank you very much for your time.

Puno vam hvala na vašem vremenu.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)