The enchanting music of sign language | Christine Sun Kim

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Interpreter: Piano, "p," is my favorite musical symbol.

Prevodilac: Piano, „p“, je moj omiljeni muzički simbol.

It means to play softly.

Znači svirati tiho.

If you're playing a musical instrument and you notice a "p" in the score,

Ako svirate muzički instrument i spazite „p“ u partituri,

you need to play softer.

morate da svirate tiše.

Dva „p“ - još tiše.

Two p's -- even softer.

Four p's -- extremely soft.

Četiri „p“ - izuzetno tiho.

This is my drawing of a p-tree,

Ovo je moj crtež „drveta oznake 'p'“,

which demonstrates

koji prikazuje da, bez obzira na to koliko hiljada oznaka „p“ može biti,

no matter how many thousands upon thousands of p's there may be,

you'll never reach complete silence.

nikada nećete dostići potpunu tišinu.

That's my current definition of silence:

To je moja trenutna definicija tišine -

a very obscure sound.

vrlo nejasan zvuk.

I'd like to share a little bit

Želela bih da podelim ponešto

about the history of American Sign Language, ASL,

o istoriji američkog znakovnog jezika, ASL-a, i još ponešto o mom poreklu.

plus a bit of my own background.

French sign language was brought to America during the early 1800s,

Francuski znakovni jezik je donet u Ameriku tokom ranog 19. veka,

and as time went by, mixed with local signs,

a kako je vreme prolazilo, pomešan za lokalnim znacima,

it evolved into the language we know today as ASL.

razvio se u jezik koji danas prepoznajemo kao ASL.

So it has a history of about 200 years.

Dakle, ima istoriju od oko 200 godina.

I was born deaf,

Rođena sam gluva

and I was taught to believe that sound wasn't a part of my life.

i učili su me da verujem da zvuk nije deo mog života.

And I believed it to be true.

Verovala sam da je to istina.

Yet, I realize now that that wasn't the case at all.

Ipak, sada shvatam da uopšte nije bilo tako.

Sound was very much a part of my life,

Zvuk je poprilično bio deo mog života,

really, on my mind every day.

zaista, svakodnevno mi je bio na pameti.

As a Deaf person living in a world of sound,

Kao gluva osoba koja živi u svetu zvuka,

it's as if I was living in a foreign country,

to je kao da živim u stranoj zemlji,

blindly following its rules, customs, behaviors and norms

slepo sledeći njena pravila, običaje, ponašanja i norme,

without ever questioning them.

nikada ih ne preispitujući.

So how is it that I understand sound?

Kako to da ja razumem zvuk?

Well, I watch how people behave and respond to sound.

Pa, posmatram kako se ljudi ponašaju i reaguju na zvuk.

You people are like my loudspeakers, and amplify sound.

Vi ste kao moji zvučnici i pojačivači zvuka.

I learn and mirror that behavior.

Učim i podražavam to ponašanje.

At the same time, I've learned that I create sound,

Istovremeno sam saznala da stvaram zvuk

and I've seen how people respond to me.

i videla sam kako ljudi reaguju na mene.

Thus I've learned, for example ...

Tako sam naučila, na primer,

"Don't slam the door!"

„Ne lupaj vratima!“

"Don't make too much noise when you're eating from the potato-chip bag!"

„Ne pravi toliko buke kada jedeš čips iz kesice!“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Don't burp,

„Ne podriguj,

and when you're eating,

a kada jedeš,

make sure you don't scrape your utensils on the plate."

potrudi se da ne grebeš po tanjiru priborom za jelo.“

All of these things I term "sound etiquette."

Sve te stvari označavam terminom „zvučni bonton“.

Maybe I think about sound etiquette

Možda ja razmišljam o zvučnom bontonu

more than the average hearing person does.

više od prosečne osobe koja čuje.

I'm hyper-vigilant around sound.

Hiperoprezna sam kada je zvuk u pitanju.

And I'm always waiting in eager nervous anticipation

Uvek nervozno i nestrpljivo iščekujem

around sound, about what's to come next.

kada se radi o zvuku i onome što sledi.

Hence, this drawing.

Otuda ovaj crtež.

TBD, to be decided.

„TBD“ - odlučiće se.

TBC, to be continued.

„TBC“ - nastaviće se.

TBA, to be announced.

„TBA“ - najaviće se.

And you notice the staff --

Primećujete linije -

there are no notes contained in the lines.

nema nota na linijama.

That's because the lines already contain sound

To je zbog toga što je zvuk već prisutan na linijama

through the subtle smudges and smears.

kroz suptilne mrlje i obrise.

In Deaf culture, movement is equivalent to sound.

U kulturi gluvih, pokret je jednak zvuku.

This is a sign for "staff" in ASL.

Ovo je znak za „notni sistem“ u ASL jeziku.

A typical staff contains five lines.

Tipičan notni sistem sadrži pet linija.

Yet for me, signing it with my thumb sticking up like that

Ipak, za mene, njegovo označavanje sa palcem koji ovako viri

doesn't feel natural.

ne deluje prirodno.

That's why you'll notice in my drawings, I stick to four lines on paper.

Zato ćete primetiti na mojim crtežima da se pridržavam četiri linije na papiru.

In the year 2008, I had the opportunity to travel to Berlin, Germany,

Godine 2008, imala sam priliku da putujem u Berlin u Nemačkoj,

for an artist residency there.

da bih boravila tamo kao umetnik.

Prior to this time, I had been working as a painter.

Pre toga sam radila kao slikar.

During this summer, I visited different museums and gallery spaces,

Tokom ovog leta, posećivala sam razne muzeje i galerijske prostore,

and as I went from one place to the next,

a kako sam išla od jednog do drugog mesta,

I noticed there was no visual art there.

primetila sam da tamo nema vizuelne umetnosti.

At that time, sound was trending, and this struck me ...

U to vreme, zvuk je bio u trendu i to me je zapanjilo.

there was no visual art,

Nije bilo vizuelne umetnosti;

everything was auditory.

sve je bilo auditivno.

Now sound has come into my art territory.

Sada je zvuk zašao u moju umetničku teritoriju.

Is it going to further distance me from art?

Da li će me to udaljiti od umetnosti?

I realized that doesn't have to be the case at all.

Shvatila sam da ne mora da bude tako.

I actually know sound.

Ja zapravo poznajem zvuk.

I know it so well

Poznajem ga tako dobro

that it doesn't have to be something just experienced through the ears.

da on ne mora da bude nešto što se doživljava samo kroz uši.

It could be felt tactually,

Može se osetiti dodirom,

or experienced as a visual,

ili iskusiti kroz vid,

or even as an idea.

ili čak i kao ideja.

Stoga sam odlučila da povratim vlasništvo nad zvukom

So I decided to reclaim ownership of sound

and to put it into my art practice.

i unesem ga u svoju umetničku praksu.

And everything that I had been taught regarding sound,

Sve čemu su me učili u vezi sa zvukom

I decided to do away with and unlearn.

rešila sam da odstranim i zaboravim.

Započela sam sa stvaranjem novog opusa.

I started creating a new body of work.

And when I presented this to the art community,

Kada sam ovo predstavila umetničkoj zajednici,

I was blown away with the amount of support and attention I received.

bila sam zapanjena količinom podrške i pažnje koju sam dobila.

I realized:

Shvatila sam:

sound is like money,

zvuk je poput novca,

power, control --

moći, kontrole -

social currency.

društvena valuta.

In the back of my mind, I've always felt that sound was your thing,

Negde u sebi sam uvek mislila da je zvuk nešto vaše,

a hearing person's thing.

nešto što pripada osobi koja čuje.

And sound is so powerful

A zvuk je tako moćan

that it could either disempower me and my artwork,

da može ili da onesposobi mene i moje umetničko delo,

or it could empower me.

ili da me osnaži.

I chose to be empowered.

Izabrala sam da budem osnažena.

There's a massive culture around spoken language.

Postoji ogromna kultura vezana za govorni jezik,

And just because I don't use my literal voice to communicate,

a samo zato što ne koristim svoj glas u bukvalnom smislu da bih komunicirala,

in society's eyes it's as if I don't have a voice at all.

u očima društva, to je kao da uopšte nemam glas.

So I need to work with individuals who can support me as an equal

Zato moram da radim sa pojedincima koji mogu da me podrže kao jednaku njima

and become my voice.

i da postanem svoj glas.

And that way, I'm able to maintain relevancy in society today.

Na taj način mogu da ostanem od značaja u današnjem svetu.

So at school, at work and institutions,

U školi, na poslu i u ustanovama

I work with many different ASL interpreters.

radim sa mnogo različitih prevodilaca za ASL.

And their voice becomes my voice and identity.

Njihov glas postaje moj glas i identitet.

They help me to be heard.

Oni pomažu da se čujem,

And their voices hold value and currency.

a njihovi glasovi imaju vrednost i valutu.

Ironically, by borrowing out their voices,

Ironično, pozajmljujući njihove glasove,

I'm able to maintain a temporary form of currency,

mogu da održavam privremeni oblik valute,

kind of like taking out a loan with a very high interest rate.

kao da uzimam kredit sa veoma visokom kamatnom stopom.

Kad ne bih nastavila sa tom praksom,

If I didn't continue this practice,

I feel that I could just fade off into oblivion

osećam da bih samo nestala u zaboravu

and not maintain any form of social currency.

i ne bih očuvala nikakvu društvenu valutu.

So with sound as my new art medium,

Tako sam, uz zvuk kao moj novi umetnički kanal,

I delved into the world of music.

utonula u svet muzike.

And I was surprised to see the similarities between music and ASL.

Iznenadila sam se kada sam videla sličnosti između muzike i ASL-a.

For example,

Na primer,

a musical note

muzička nota

cannot be fully captured and expressed on paper.

ne može se potpuno uhvatiti i izraziti na papiru.

And the same holds true for a concept in ASL.

Isto važi i za pojam u ASL-u.

They're both highly spatial and highly inflected --

Oba su izuzetno prostorna i promenljiva,

meaning that subtle changes

što znači da suptilne promene

can affect the entire meaning

mogu uticati na celokupno značenje

of both signs and sounds.

i znakova i zvukova.

I'd like to share with you a piano metaphor,

Htela bih da podelim sa vama klavirsku metaforu,

to have you have a better understanding of how ASL works.

kako biste bolje razumeli kako ASL funkcioniše.

So, envision a piano.

Dakle, zamislite klavir.

ASL is broken down into many different grammatical parameters.

ASL je podeljen na mnogo različitih gramatičkih parametara.

If you assign a different parameter to each finger as you play the piano --

Ako dodelite različit parametar svakom prstu dok svirate klavir,

such as facial expression, body movement,

kao što je izraz lica, telesni pokret,

speed, hand shape and so on,

brzina, oblik ruke i tako dalje,

as you play the piano --

dok svirate klavir -

English is a linear language,

engleski je linearni jezik,

as if one key is being pressed at a time.

kao da se pritišće jedna po jedna dirka.

However, ASL is more like a chord --

Međutim, ASL je sličniji akordu -

all 10 fingers need to come down simultaneously

svih 10 prstiju moraju da sadejstvuju uporedo

to express a clear concept or idea in ASL.

da bi izrazili jasan pojam ili ideju u ASL-u.

If just one of those keys were to change the chord,

Kada bi samo jedna od tih dirki promenila akord,

it would create a completely different meaning.

to bi stvorilo potpuno različito značenje.

The same applies to music in regards to pitch, tone and volume.

Isto važi za muziku u pogledu visine, tona i jačine.

In ASL, by playing around with these different grammatical parameters,

U ASL-u, igrajući se sa tim različitim gramatičkim parametrima,

you can express different ideas.

možete izraziti različite ideje.

For example, take the sign TO-LOOK-AT.

Na primer, uzmite znak „gledati“.

This is the sign TO-LOOK-AT.

Ovo je znak za „gledati“.

I'm looking at you.

Gledam vas.

Staring at you.

Zurim u vas.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Oh -- busted.

O - uhvaćeni.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Uh-oh.

O-o.

What are you looking at?

U šta gledate?

Aw, stop.

O, prestani.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I then started thinking,

Potom sam počela da razmišljam:

"What if I was to look at ASL through a musical lens?"

„Šta ako bih posmatrala ASL kroz muzičku perspektivu?“

If I was to create a sign and repeat it over and over,

Kada bih stvorila znak i ponavljala ga iznova i iznova,

it could become like a piece of visual music.

on bi postao poput dela vizuelne muzike.

For example, this is the sign for "day,"

Na primer, ovo je znak za „dan“,

as the sun rises and sets.

dok sunce izlazi i zalazi.

This is "all day."

Ovo je „ceo dan“.

If I was to repeat it and slow it down,

Ako bih to ponovila i usporila,

visually it looks like a piece of music.

to vizuelno izgleda kao muzički komad.

Ceo... dan.

All ... day.

I feel the same holds true for "all night."

Mislim da isto važi i za „celu noć“.

"All night."

„Cela noć.“

This is ALL-NIGHT, represented in this drawing.

Ovo je „cela noć“, predstavljena na ovom crtežu.

And this led me to thinking about three different kinds of nights:

Ovo me je navelo na razmišljanje o tri različite vrste noći:

"last night,"

„prošla noć“,

"overnight,"

„preko noći“,

(Sings) "all night long."

(Peva) „tokom cele noći“.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I feel like the third one has a lot more musicality than the other two.

Mislim da u trećem ima mnogo više muzikalnosti nego u druga dva.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This represents how time is expressed in ASL

Ovo predstavlja kako se vreme izražava u ASL-u

and how the distance from your body can express the changes in time.

i kako udaljenost od vašeg tela može da izrazi promene u vremenu.

For example,

Na primer,

1H is one hand, 2H is two hand,

1 sat je jedna ruka, 2 sata su dve ruke,

present tense happens closest and in front of the body,

sadašnje vreme se dešava najbliže i ispred tela,

future is in front of the body and the past is to your back.

budućnost je ispred tela, a prošlost vam je za leđima.

So, the first example is "a long time ago."

Dakle, prvi primer je „odavno“.

Then "past,"

Zatim „prošlost“,

"used to"

„nekada je bilo“

and the last one, which is my favorite,

i poslednji, moj omiljeni,

with the very romantic and dramatic notion to it,

sa vrlo romantičnom i dramatičnom konotacijom,

"once upon a time."

„nekada davno“.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Common time"

„Četvoročetvrtinski takt“

is a musical term

je muzički termin

with a specific time signature of four beats per measure.

sa specifičnom promenom takta od četiri otkucaja po taktu.

Yet when I see the word "common time,"

Ipak, kada vidim „četvoročetvrtinski takt“,

what automatically comes to mind for me is "at the same time."

automatski mi je na pameti „u isto vreme“.

So notice RH: right hand, LH: left hand.

Dakle, obratite pažnju na RH: desna ruka, LH: leva ruka.

We have the staff across the head and the chest.

Imamo notni sistem preko glave i grudi.

[Glava: RH, brza kandža]

[Head: RH, Flash claw]

[Common time]

[Četvoročetvrtinski takt]

[Chest: LH, Flash claw]

[Grudi: LH, brza kandža]

I'm now going to demonstrate a hand shape called the "flash claw."

Sada ću demonstrirati obllik ruke zvani „brza kandža“.

Can you please follow along with me?

Možete li da me pratite, molim vas?

Everybody, hands up.

Svi podignite ruke.

Now we're going to do it in both the head and the chest,

Sada ćemo to uraditi ujedno na glavi i grudima,

kind of like "common time" or at the same time.

kao „četvoročetvrtinski takt“ ili istovremeno.

Yes, got it.

Da, shvatate.

That means "to fall in love" in International [Sign].

To znači „zaljubiti se“ na internacionalnom znakovnom jeziku.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Internacionalni znakovni jezik, kao nota,

International [Sign], as a note,

is a visual tool to help communicate

je vizuelno sredstvo koje pomaže u komunikaciji

across cultures and sign languages around the world.

širom kultura i znakovnih jezika celog sveta.

The second one I'd like to demonstrate is this --

Drugo što bih htela da demonstriram je ovo.

please follow along with me again.

Molim vas da me ponovo pratite.

And now this.

A sada ovo.

This is "colonization" in ASL.

To je „kolonizacija“ na ASL-u.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now the third --

Sada treće -

please follow along again.

molim vas da ponovo pratite.

I opet.

And again.

This is "enlightenment" in ASL.

To je „prosvetljenje“ na ASL-u.

So let's do all three together.

Hajde da uradimo sva tri zajedno.

"Fall in love,"

„Zaljubiti se“,

"colonization"

„kolonizacija“

and "enlightenment."

i „prosvetljenje“.

Good job, everyone.

Odlično ste to obavili.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Notice how all three signs are very similar,

Obratite pažnju kako su sva tri znaka vrlo slična,

they all happen at the head and the chest,

svi se odvijaju na glavi i grudima,

but they convey quite different meanings.

ali prenose sasvim različita značenja.

So it's amazing to see how ASL is alive and thriving,

Sjajno je videti da je ASL živ i napredan,

just like music is.

baš kao i muzika.

However, in this day and age,

Međutim, u današnje vreme

we live in a very audio-centric world.

živimo u vrlo audiocentričnom svetu,

And just because ASL has no sound to it,

a samo zato što ASL nema zvuk u sebi,

it automatically holds no social currency.

automatski nema nikakvu društvenu valutu.

We need to start thinking harder about what defines social currency

Moramo da počnemo da više razmišljamo o tome šta definiše društvenu valutu

and allow ASL to develop its own form of currency --

i omogućimo ASL-u da razvije sopstveni oblik valute

without sound.

bez zvuka.

And this could possibly be a step to lead to a more inclusive society.

To bi mogao biti korak koji bi vodio ka inkluzivnijem društvu.

And maybe people will understand

Možda će ljudi shvatiti

that you don't need to be deaf to learn ASL,

da ne morate biti gluvi da biste naučili ASL,

nor do you have to be hearing to learn music.

niti morate da čujete da biste naučili muziku.

ASL is such a rich treasure

ASL je tako bogata riznica

that I'd like you to have the same experience.

da bih volela da imate isto iskustvo

And I'd like to invite you to open your ears,

i želela bih da vas pozovem da načuljite uši,

to open your eyes,

da otvorite oči,

take part in our culture

učestvujete u našoj kulturi

and experience our visual language.

i iskusite naš vizuelni jezik.

And you never know,

I nikad se ne zna,

you might just fall in love with us.

možda se i zaljubite u nas.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala.

Denise Kahler-Braaten: Hey, that's me.

Deniz Kaler-Braten: Hej, to sam ja.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)