Let’s Help Refugees Thrive, Not Just Survive | Melissa Fleming | TED Talks

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Mile Živković

So I started working

Počela sam da radim sa izbeglicama

with refugees because I wanted

jer sam želela da donesem promenu,

to make a difference,

and making a difference starts

a donošenje promena počinje pričanjem njihovih priča.

with telling their stories.

So when I meet refugees,

Kada se sretnem sa izbeglicama,

I always ask them questions.

uvek im postavljam pitanja.

Who bombed your house?

Ko je bombardovao vašu kuću?

Who killed your son?

Ko je ubio vašeg sina?

Did the rest of your family make it out alive?

Da li je ostatak vaše porodice preživeo?

How are you coping

Kako se snalazite

in your life in exile?

u vašem životu u izgnanstvu?

Ali postoji jedno pitanje za koje mi se uvek čini

But there's one question that always seems to me

da najviše otkriva, a to je:

to be most revealing, and that is:

What did you take?

"Šta ste poneli sa sobom?

What was that most important thing

Šta je bila ta najvažnija stvar

that you had to take with you

koju ste morali da ponesete sa sobom

when the bombs were exploding in your town,

kada su bombe eksplodirale u vašem gradu,

and the armed gangs were approaching your house?

a naoružane grupe se približavale vašoj kući?"

Sirijski dečak izbeglica kojeg poznajem

A Syrian refugee boy I know

told me that he didn't hesitate

rekao mi je da nije oklevao

when his life was in imminent danger.

kada je njegov život bio u neposrednoj opasnosti.

He took his high school diploma,

Uzeo je svoju diplomu srednje škole,

and later he told me why.

i kasnije mi je rekao zašto.

He said, "I took my high school diploma

Rekao je: "Uzeo sam moju diplomu srednje škole

jer je moj život zavisio od nje."

because my life depended on it."

And he would risk his life to get that diploma.

I rizikovao bi svoj život da uzme tu diplomu.

On his way to school, he would dodge snipers.

Na putu za školu, izbegavao bi snajperiste.

His classroom sometimes shook

Njegova učionica se ponekad tresla

with the sound of bombs and shelling,

od zvukova bombi i granata,

and his mother told me,

i njegova majka mi je rekla:

"Every day, I would say to him every morning,

"Svakoga dana, rekla bih mu svakoga jutra:

'Honey, please don't go to school.'"

'Dušo, molim te, ne idi u školu.'"

And when he insisted, she said,

A kada je insistirao, rekla je:

"I would hug him as if it were for the last time."

"Zagrlila bih ga kao da je poslednji put."

But he said to his mother,

Ali rekao je svojoj majci:

"We're all afraid,

"Svi smo mi uplašeni,

but our determination to graduate

ali naša rešenost da diplomiramo

is stronger than our fear."

je jača od našeg straha."

But one day, the family got terrible news.

Ali jednog dana, porodica je dobila užasne vesti.

Hany's aunt, his uncle and his cousin

Hanijeva tetka, njegov teča i njegov rođak

were murdered in their homes for refusing

su ubijeni u svojim domovima jer su odbili

da napuste svoju kuću.

to leave their house.

Their throats were slit.

Njihovi vratovi su presečeni.

It was time to flee.

Bilo je vreme da se beži.

They left that day, right away, in their car,

Otišli su tog dana, odmah, u svojim kolima,

Hany hidden in the back because they were facing

sa Hanijem sakrivenim pozadi jer su se suočavali

checkpoints of menacing soldiers.

sa kontrolnim punktovima pretećih vojnika.

And they would cross the border into Lebanon,

Prešli bi granicu sa Libanom,

where they would find peace.

gde bi pronašli mir.

But they would begin a life of grueling hardship

Ali bi započeli život mukotrpnih poteškoća i monotonije.

and monotony.

Nisu imali izbora nego da izgrade kolibu

They had no choice but to build a shack

on the side of a muddy field,

pokraj blatnjavog polja,

and this is Hany's brother Ashraf,

i ovo je Hanijev brat Ašraf,

who plays outside.

koji se igra napolju.

And that day, they joined

Tog dana, priključili su se

najvećoj populaciji izbeglica na svetu,

the biggest population of refugees in the world,

in a country, Lebanon, that is tiny.

u zemlji Libanu, koja je mala.

It only has four million citizens,

Ima samo četiri miliona građana,

and there are one million Syrian refugees living there.

i milion sirijskih izbeglica koje tu žive.

There's not a town, a city or a village

Ne postoji grad, selo ili varošica

that is not host to Syrian refugees.

koje nije domaćin sirijskim izbeglicama.

This is generosity and humanity

To je darežljivost i humanost

that is remarkable.

koja je izuzetna.

Think about it this way, proportionately.

Mislite o tome na ovaj način, proporcionalno.

It would be as if

To bi bilo kao kad bi

the entire population of Germany,

čitava populacija Nemačke,

80 million people,

80 miliona ljudi,

would flee to the United States in just three years.

prebegla u Sjedinjene Države za svega tri godine.

Half of the entire population of Syria

Polovina čitave populacije Sirije

is now uprooted,

je sada iskorenjena,

most of them inside the country.

većina njih unutar zemlje.

Six and a half million people

Šest i po miliona ljudi

have fled for their lives.

je pobeglo da spasu svoje živote.

Over and well over three million people

Mnogo više od tri miliona ljudi

have crossed the borders

je prešlo granice

and have found sanctuary in the neighboring countries,

i pronašlo utočište u susednim zemljama,

and only a small proportion, as you see,

a samo mali udeo se, kao što vidite,

preselio u Evropu.

have moved on to Europe.

What I find most worrying

Ono što smatram najviše zabrinjavajućim

is that half of all Syrian refugees are children.

je da polovinu svih sirijskih izbeglica čine deca.

I took this picture of this little girl.

Slikala sam ovu malu devojčicu.

It was just two hours after she had arrived

Bilo je to samo dva sata nakon što je stigla

after a long trek from Syria into Jordan.

posle dugog puta iz Sirije u Jordan.

And most troubling of all

A najviše od svega zabrinjava

is that only 20 percent of Syrian refugee children

da samo 20 procenata sirijske dece izbeglica

are in school in Lebanon.

pohađa školu u Libanu.

And yet, Syrian refugee children,

A ipak, sirijska deca izbeglice,

all refugee children tell us

sva deca izbeglice nam govore

education is the most important thing in their lives.

da je obrazovanje najvažnija stvar u njihovim životima.

Why? Because it allows them to think of their future

Zašto? Jer im omogućava da razmišljaju o svojoj budućnosti

rather than the nightmare of their past.

umesto o košmarima prošlosti.

It allows them to think of hope rather than hatred.

Omogućava im da misle o nadi umesto o mržnji.

I'm reminded of a recent visit I took

Sećam se svoje skorašnje posete

to a Syrian refugee camp in northern Iraq,

kampu sirijskih izbeglica u severnom Iraku,

and I met this girl,

upoznala sam tu devojčicu,

and I thought, "She's beautiful,"

i pomislila sam: "Prelepa je",

and I went up to her and asked her,

prišla sam joj i pitala je:

"Can I take your picture?"

"Mogu li da te slikam?"

And she said yes,

Ona je prihvatila,

but she refused to smile.

ali je odbila da se nasmeje.

I think she couldn't,

Mislim da nije mogla,

because I think she must realize that she represents

zato što mislim da shvata da predstavlja

a lost generation of Syrian refugee children,

izgubljenu generaciju sirijske dece izbeglica,

a generation isolated and frustrated.

izolovanu i frustriranu generaciju.

And yet, look at what they fled:

A ipak, pogledajte pred čime su pobegli:

utter destruction,

krajnje razaranje,

buildings, industries, schools, roads, homes.

građevina, privrede, škola, puteva, domova.

Hany's home was also destroyed.

Hanijev dom je takođe uništen.

This will need to be rebuilt

To će morati da obnove

by architects, by engineers, by electricians.

arhitekate, inženjeri, električari.

Communities will need teachers and lawyers

Zajednici će biti potrebni učitelji i advokati

and politicians interested in reconciliation

i političari sa pomirenjem u interesu,

and not revenge.

a ne osvetom.

Zar to ne bi trebalo da obnove

Shouldn't this be rebuilt

by the people with the largest stake,

ljudi sa najvećim interesom,

the societies in exile, the refugees?

društva u izgnanstvu, izbeglice?

Refugees have a lot of time

Izbeglice imaju mnogo vremena

to prepare for their return.

da se pripreme za svoj povratak.

You might imagine that being a refugee

Možda pretpostavljate da je biti izbeglica

is just a temporary state.

samo privremeno stanje.

Well far from it.

Daleko od toga.

With wars going on and on,

Sa ratovima koji se stalno odvijaju,

the average time a refugee will spend in exile

prosečno vreme koje će izbeglica provesti u izgnanstvu

je 17 godina.

is 17 years.

Hany was into his second year in limbo

Hani je drugu godinu bio u čistilištu

when I went to visit him recently,

kada sam nedavno otišla da ga posetim,

and we conducted our entire conversation in English,

i obavili smo ceo naš razgovor na engleskom,

which he confessed to me he learned

za koji mi je priznao da je naučio

from reading all of Dan Brown's novels

čitajući sve romane Dena Brauna

and from listening to American rap.

i slušajući američki rep.

We also spent some nice moments of laughter

Takođe smo proveli par lepih trenutaka u smehu

and fun with his beloved brother Ashraf.

i zabavi sa njegovim voljenim bratom Ašrafom.

But I'll never forget what he told me

Ali nikada neću zaboraviti šta mi je rekao

when we ended our conversation that day.

kada smo završili razgovor toga dana.

He said to me,

Rekao mi je:

"If I am not a student, I am nothing."

"Ako nisam učenik, nisam ništa."

Hany is one of 50 million people

Hani je jedan od 50 miliona ljudi

uprooted in this world today.

koji su danas u svetu iščupani iz korena.

Never since World War II

Još od Drugog svetskog rata

have so many people been forcibly displaced.

nikad nije toliko ljudi bilo prisilno raseljeno.

So while we're making sweeping progress

Dakle, dok pravimo sveopšti napredak

in human health,

u ljudskom zdravlju,

in technology, in education and design,

tehnologiji, obrazovanju i dizajnu,

we are doing dangerously little

činimo opasno malo

to help the victims

da pomognemo žrtvama

and we are doing far too little

i činimo premalo

to stop and prevent

da zaustavimo i sprečimo

the wars that are driving them from their homes.

ratove koji ih teraju iz svojih domova.

And there are more and more victims.

A ima sve više i više žrtava.

Every day, on average,

Svakoga dana, u proseku,

by the end of this day,

do kraja ovog dana,

32,000 people will be forcibly displaced

32 000 ljudi će biti prisilno raseljeno

from their homes —

iz svojih domova -

32,000 people.

32 000 ljudi.

Oni beže preko granica kao što je ova.

They flee across borders like this one.

We captured this on the Syrian border to Jordan,

Ovo smo zabeležili na granici Sirije sa Jordanom,

and this is a typical day.

i ovo je tipičan dan.

Or they flee on unseaworthy and overcrowded boats,

Ili beže na nepodesnim i pretrpanim čamcima,

risking their lives in this case

rizikujući svoje živote u ovom slučaju

just to reach safety in Europe.

samo da stignu na sigurno u Evropu.

This Syrian young man

Ovaj sirijski mladić

survived one of these boats that capsized —

je preživeo jedan od ovih čamaca koji se prevrnuo -

most of the people drowned —

većina ljudi se udavila -

and he told us,

i rekao nam je:

"Syrians are just looking for a quiet place

"Sirijci samo traže mirno mesto

where nobody hurts you,

gde te niko neće povrediti,

where nobody humiliates you,

gde te niko neće ponižavati,

and where nobody kills you."

i gde te niko neće ubiti."

Well, I think that should be the minimum.

Pa, mislim da bi to trebalo da bude minimum.

How about a place of healing,

A šta je sa mestom isceljenja,

of learning,

učenja,

and even opportunity?

i čak mogućnosti?

Americans and Europeans

Amerikanci i Evropljani

have the impression that proportionally

imaju utisak da proporcionalno

huge numbers of refugees are coming

ogroman broj izbeglica dolazi

to their country,

u njihovu zemlju,

but the reality is

ali stvarnost je

that 86 percent, the vast majority of refugees,

da 86 procenata, velika većina izbeglica,

živi u zemljama u razvoju,

are living in the developing world,

in countries struggling with their own insecurity,

u zemljama koje se bore sa sopstvenom nesigurnošću,

with their own issues of helping their own populations

sa sopstvenim problemima pomaganja svojoj populaciji

and poverty.

i siromaštvom.

So wealthy countries in the world should recognize

Zato bogate zemlje sveta treba da prepoznaju

the humanity and the generosity of the countries

humanost i darežljivost zemalja

that are hosting so many refugees.

koje ugošćavaju toliko izbeglica.

And all countries should make sure that no one

I sve zemlje treba da se postaraju da niko

od onih koji beže od rata i progona

fleeing war and persecution

arrives at a closed border.

ne dođe do zatvorene granice.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

Ali postoji još nešto što možemo učiniti

But there is something more that we can do

than just simply helping refugees survive.

umesto da prosto pomognemo izbeglicama da prežive.

We can help them thrive.

Možemo im pomoći da se razvijaju.

We should think of refugee camps and communities

Trebalo bi da razmišljamo o izbegličkim kampovima i zajednicama

as more than just temporary population centers

kao nečemu što je više od privremenih centara za zbrinjavanje

where people languish

gde ljudi čame,

waiting for the war to end.

čekajući da se rat završi.

Rather, as centers of excellence,

Treba da budu centri izvrsnosti,

where refugees can triumph over their trauma

gde izbeglice mogu trijumfovati nad svojom traumom

i vežbati za dan kada budu mogli da odu kući

and train for the day that they can go home

as agents of positive change

kao pokretači pozitivne promene

and social transformation.

i društvenog preobražaja.

To ima tako mnogo smisla,

It makes so much sense,

but I'm reminded of the terrible war in Somalia

ali se sećam užasnog rata u Somaliji

that has been raging on for 22 years.

koji je besneo 22 godine.

And imagine living in this camp.

Zamislite da živite u ovom kampu.

I visited this camp.

Posetila sam ovaj kamp.

It's in Djibouti, neighboring Somalia,

Nalazi se u Džibutiju, u susedstvu Somalije,

and it was so remote

i bio je tako zabačen

da smo morali da doletimo tamo helikopterom.

that we had to take a helicopter to fly there.

It was dusty and it was terribly hot.

Bilo je prašnjavo i užasno vruće.

And we went to visit a school

Išli smo u posetu školi

and started talking to the children,

i počeli da pričamo sa decom,

and then I saw this girl across the room

i tada sam videla tu devojčicu na kraju sobe

who looked to me to be the same age

koja je izgledala kao da je istog uzrasta

as my own daughter, and I went up and talked to her.

kao moja ćerka, i otišla sam da pričam sa njom.

And I asked her the questions

Postavila sam joj pitanja

that grown-ups ask kids,

koja odrasli postavljaju deci,

like, "What is your favorite subject?"

kao što su: "Koji je tvoj omiljeni predmet?"

and, "What do you want to be when you grow up?"

i "Šta želiš da budeš kada porasteš?"

And this is when her face turned blank,

I tada joj je lice postalo bezizražajno,

and she said to me,

i rekla mi je:

"I have no future.

"Ja nemam budućnost.

Moji dani školovanja su završeni."

My schooling days are over."

Pomislila sam, mora da postoji neki nesporazum.

And I thought, there must be some misunderstanding,

so I turned to my colleague

pa sam se okrenula ka svojoj koleginici

and she confirmed to me

i ona mi je potvrdila

there is no funding for secondary education

da nema sredstava za srednjoškolsko obrazovanje

in this camp.

u ovom kampu.

And how I wished at that moment

Kako sam želela u tom trenutku

that I could say to her,

da mogu da joj kažem:

"We will build you a school."

"Sagradićemo ti školu."

And I also thought, what a waste.

I takođe sam pomislila, kakva šteta.

She should be and she is

Ona bi trebalo da bude i ona jeste

the future of Somalia.

budućnost Somalije.

A boy named Jacob Atem

Dečak po imenu Džejkob Atem

imao je drugačiju priliku, ali nakon što je iskusio

had a different chance, but not before he experienced

terribly tragedy.

užasnu tragediju.

He watched — this is in Sudan —

Posmatrao je - ovo je u Sudanu -

as his village — he was only seven years old —

kako njegovo selo - imao je samo sedam godina -

burned to the ground, and he learned

gori do temelja, i saznao je

that his mother and his father

da su njegova majka i otac

and his entire family

i njegova cela porodica

were killed that day.

ubijeni tog dana.

Samo njegov rođak je preživeo, i njih dvojica

Only his cousin survived, and the two of them

walked for seven months —

su pešačili sedam meseci -

ovo su dečaci poput njega -

this is boys like him —

chased and pursued by wild animals and armed gangs,

dok su ga jurile i ganjale divlje životinje i naoružane bande,

and they finally made it to refugee camps

i konačno su stigli do izbegličkih kampova

where they found safety,

gde su našli sigurnost,

and he would spend the next seven years

i on će provesti narednih sedam godina

in Kenya in a refugee camp.

u Keniji u izbegličkom kampu.

But his life changed

Ali njegov život se promenio

when he got the chance to be resettled

kada je dobio priliku da se preseli

to the United States,

u Sjedinjene Države,

and he found love in a foster family

i pronašao je ljubav u hraniteljskoj porodici

i bio je u mogućnosti da ide u školu,

and he was able to go to school,

and he wanted me to share with you

i želeo je da podelim sa vama

this proud moment

ovaj ponosni momenat

when he graduated from university.

kada je diplomirao na fakultetu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I spoke to him on Skype the other day,

Pričala sam sa njim na Skajpu pre neki dan,

and he was in his new university in Florida

bio je na njegovom novom univerzitetu na Floridi,

na putu da postane doktor nauka iz oblasti javnog zdravlja,

pursuing his Ph.D. in public health,

and he proudly told me how he was able to raise

i ponosno mi je rekao da je uspeo da sakupi

enough funds from the American public

dovoljno sredstava od američke javnosti

to establish a health clinic back in his village

da osnuje zdravstvenu kliniku u svom selu.

back home.

So I want to take you back to Hany.

Hoću da vas vratim na Hanija.

When I told him I was going to have the chance

Kada sam mu rekla da ću imati priliku

da vam govorim ovde na TED bini,

to speak to you here on the TED stage,

he allowed me to read you a poem

dozvolio mi je da vam pročitam pesmu

that he sent in an email to me.

koju mi je poslao u imejlu.

He wrote:

Napisao je:

"Nedostajem mi ja,

"I miss myself,

my friends,

moji prijatelji,

times of reading novels or writing poems,

trenuci čitanja romana ili pisanja pesama,

birds and tea in the morning.

ptice i čaj ujutru.

My room, my books, myself,

Moja soba, moje knjige, ja,

and everything that was making me smile.

sve što mi je donosilo osmeh.

O, o, imao sam toliko snova

Oh, oh, I had so many dreams

that were about to be realized."

koji je trebalo da se ostvare."

So here is my point:

Dakle evo moje poente:

Not investing in refugees

ne investirati u izbeglice

is a huge missed opportunity.

je ogromna propuštena prilika.

Leave them abandoned,

Ostavite ih napuštenim,

and they risk exploitation and abuse,

i oni rizikuju da ih izrabljuju i zlostavljaju,

and leave them unskilled and uneducated,

i ostavite ih nekvalifikovanim i neobrazovanim,

and delay by years the return

i odlažete godine do povratka

to peace and prosperity in their countries.

mira i blagostanja u njihovim zemljama.

Verujem da će način na koji tretiramo raseljene

I believe how we treat the uprooted

will shape the future of our world.

oblikovati budućnost našeg sveta.

The victims of war can hold the keys

Žrtve rata možda imaju ključ

to lasting peace,

trajnog mira,

and it's the refugees

i možda baš izbeglice

who can stop the cycle of violence.

mogu zaustaviti ciklus nasilja.

Hany is at a tipping point.

Hani je na prekretnici.

We would love to help him go to university

Voleli bismo da mu pomognemo da krene na fakultet

i postane inženjer,

and to become an engineer,

ali naša sredstva daju prioritet osnovnim stvarima u životu:

but our funds are prioritized for the basics in life:

šatorima, ćebadima, dušecima, kuhinjskim kompletima,

tents and blankets and mattresses and kitchen sets,

obrocima i ponekim lekovima.

food rations and a bit of medicine.

University is a luxury.

Fakultet je luksuz.

But leave him to languish in this muddy field,

Ali ostavite ga da propada u tom blatnjavom polju,

i postaće deo

and he will become a member

izgubljene generacije.

of a lost generation.

Hany's story is a tragedy,

Hanijeva priča je tragedija,

ali ne mora se završiti na taj način.

but it doesn't have to end that way.

Hvala vam.

Thank you.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)