Let’s Help Refugees Thrive, Not Just Survive | Melissa Fleming | TED Talks

Translator: Siim Kumpas Reviewer: Kadri Kalle

So I started working

Ma valisin töö

with refugees because I wanted

pagulastega, sest ma tahtsin

to make a difference,

maailma parandada

and making a difference starts

ja maailma parandamine algab

with telling their stories.

nende lugude edasirääkimisest.

So when I meet refugees,

Alati, kui ma kohtan pagulasi,

I always ask them questions.

küsin ma neilt küsimusi.

Who bombed your house?

Kes pommitas su kodu maatasa?

Who killed your son?

Kes tappis su poja?

Did the rest of your family make it out alive?

Kas su ülejäänud pereliikmed pääsesid eluga?

How are you coping

Kuidas sa saad hakkama

in your life in exile?

eluga eksiilis?

But there's one question that always seems to me

Kuid küsimus, mis on minu jaoks kõige kõnekam,

to be most revealing, and that is:

on järgmine:

What did you take?

Mille sa kaasa võtsid?

What was that most important thing

Mis oli sinu jaoks kõige olulisem,

that you had to take with you

mille sa pidid endaga kaasa võtma,

when the bombs were exploding in your town,

kui su kodulinnas plahvatasid pommid

and the armed gangs were approaching your house?

ja relvastatud jõugud piirasid su maja sisse?

A Syrian refugee boy I know

Üks süürlasest pagulaspoiss, keda ma tunnen,

told me that he didn't hesitate

ütles mulle, et ta ei kõhelnud,

when his life was in imminent danger.

kui ta elu oli ohus.

He took his high school diploma,

Ta võttis kaasa oma keskkooli lõputunnistuse

and later he told me why.

ja selgitas hiljem, miks ta seda tegi.

He said, "I took my high school diploma

Ta ütles: "Ma võtsin oma keskkooli lõputunnistuse,

because my life depended on it."

sest sellest sõltus mu elu."

And he would risk his life to get that diploma.

Ta oli riskinud oma eluga, et see tunnistus saada.

On his way to school, he would dodge snipers.

Kooliteel pidi ta sageli kuulide eest kõrvale põikama.

His classroom sometimes shook

Sageli vappus tema klassiruum

with the sound of bombs and shelling,

ümberringi lõhkevate pommide kuminast.

and his mother told me,

Ta ema ütles mulle:

"Every day, I would say to him every morning,

"Ma palusin igal hommikul,

'Honey, please don't go to school.'"

et ta kooli ei läheks."

And when he insisted, she said,

Kui ta keeldus, vastas ema:

"I would hug him as if it were for the last time."

"Ma kallistasin teda alati nii, nagu see oleks viimane kord."

But he said to his mother,

Aga ta ütles oma emale:

"We're all afraid,

"Me kõik kardame,

but our determination to graduate

kuid meie tahe kool lõpetada

is stronger than our fear."

on tugevam kui meie hirm."

But one day, the family got terrible news.

Ühel päeval jõudis tema pereni kohutav uudis.

Hany's aunt, his uncle and his cousin

Hany tädi, onu ja nõbu

were murdered in their homes for refusing

mõrvati oma kodus, kuna nad keeldusid

to leave their house.

sealt lahkumast.

Their throats were slit.

Nende kõrid lõigati läbi.

It was time to flee.

Oli aeg põgeneda.

They left that day, right away, in their car,

Nad lahkusid selsamal päeval, selsamal hetkel, autoga,

Hany hidden in the back because they were facing

Hany oli peidetud auto tagaossa,

checkpoints of menacing soldiers.

sest nende teel ootasid ees mitmed sõduritega mehitatud konrollpunktid.

And they would cross the border into Lebanon,

Lõpuks ületasid nad piiri ja jõudsid Liibanoni,

where they would find peace.

kus neid ootas ees rahu.

But they would begin a life of grueling hardship

Kuid uue elu alustamine sai olema kurnavalt raske

and monotony.

ja üksluine.

They had no choice but to build a shack

Neil polnud muud valikut, kui ehitada onn

on the side of a muddy field,

mudase välja äärealale

and this is Hany's brother Ashraf,

ja see on Hany vend Ashraf,

who plays outside.

kes mängib õues.

And that day, they joined

Sel päeval liitusid

the biggest population of refugees in the world,

nad maailma suurima pagulaste grupiga

in a country, Lebanon, that is tiny.

riigis, mis on tilluke – Liibanonis.

It only has four million citizens,

Seal elab vaid neli miljonit kodanikku

and there are one million Syrian refugees living there.

ning tänaseks juba miljon Süüria pagulast.

There's not a town, a city or a village

Sealt ei leia linna, küla ega asulat,

that is not host to Syrian refugees.

kus ei oleks ühtegi Süüria pagulast.

This is generosity and humanity

See on näide tähelepanuväärsest

that is remarkable.

lahkusest ja inimlikkusest.

Think about it this way, proportionately.

Mõelgem sellest proportsionaalselt.

It would be as if

See oleks umbes sama

the entire population of Germany,

kui terve Saksamaa elanikkond

80 million people,

– 80 miljonit inimest –

would flee to the United States in just three years.

pageks kõigest kolme aastaga Ameerikasse.

Half of the entire population of Syria

Pool Süüria elanikkonnast

is now uprooted,

on oma kodudest lahkunud,

most of them inside the country.

enamus neist riigi piires.

Six and a half million people

Kuus ja pool miljonit inimest

have fled for their lives.

on oma elu päästmiseks põgenenud.

Over and well over three million people

Kõvasti üle kolme miljoni inimese

have crossed the borders

on ületanud riigipiiri

and have found sanctuary in the neighboring countries,

ja leidnud pelgupaigad naabruskonnas asuvates riikides.

and only a small proportion, as you see,

Vaid väike hulk Süüria pagulastest

have moved on to Europe.

on liikunud edasi Euroopasse.

What I find most worrying

Mis mind enim muretsema paneb,

is that half of all Syrian refugees are children.

on teadmine, et pooled Süüria pagulastest on lapsed.

I took this picture of this little girl.

Ma tegin foto sellest väikesest tüdrukust.

It was just two hours after she had arrived

See on tehtud vaid kaks tundi pärast tema saabumist

after a long trek from Syria into Jordan.

peale pikka retke Süüriast Jordaaniasse.

And most troubling of all

Kõige murettekitavam on see,

is that only 20 percent of Syrian refugee children

et vaid 20% Süüria pagulaslastest

are in school in Lebanon.

käib Liibanonis koolis.

And yet, Syrian refugee children,

Sellele vaatamata räägivad Süüria pagulaslapsed,

all refugee children tell us

tegelikult kõik pagulaslapsed,

education is the most important thing in their lives.

et haridus on nende elus kõige olulisem.

Why? Because it allows them to think of their future

Miks? Sest see võimaldab neil mõelda oma tulevikule,

rather than the nightmare of their past.

selle asemel, et takerduda seljataha jäetud aja õudustesse.

It allows them to think of hope rather than hatred.

See võimaldab neil mõelda vihkamise asemel lootusele.

I'm reminded of a recent visit I took

Mulle meenub üks hiljutistest käikudest

to a Syrian refugee camp in northern Iraq,

Põhja-Iraagis asuvasse Süüria pagulaslaagrisse,

and I met this girl,

kus ma tutvusin ühe tüdrukuga

and I thought, "She's beautiful,"

ja mõtlesin: "Ta on imeilus."

and I went up to her and asked her,

Ma läksin tema juurde ja küsisin:

"Can I take your picture?"

"Kas ma võin sind pildistada?"

And she said yes,

Ta nõustus,

but she refused to smile.

kuid keeldus naeratamast.

I think she couldn't,

Ma arvan, et ta ei suutnud seda teha,

because I think she must realize that she represents

sest ta mõistis, et on osa

a lost generation of Syrian refugee children,

Süüria pagulaslaste kadunud põlvkonnast.

a generation isolated and frustrated.

Põlvkonnast, mis on äralõigatud ja pettunud.

And yet, look at what they fled:

Mõelgem, mille juurest nad pagesid:

utter destruction,

kohutava hävingu,

buildings, industries, schools, roads, homes.

ehitiste, tööstuse, koolide, teede ja kodude.

Hany's home was also destroyed.

Ka Hany kodu hävitati.

This will need to be rebuilt

See tuleb taas üles ehitada

by architects, by engineers, by electricians.

arhitektide, inseneride ja elektrikute poolt.

Communities will need teachers and lawyers

Kogukonnad vajavad õpetajaid ja juriste

and politicians interested in reconciliation

ja poliitikuid, kes otsivad lepitust,

and not revenge.

mitte kättemaksu.

Shouldn't this be rebuilt

Kas seda ei peaks tegema

by the people with the largest stake,

inimesed, keda see kõige enam mõjutab

the societies in exile, the refugees?

– pagenduses olevad ühiskonnad? Pagulased?

Refugees have a lot of time

Pagulastel on hulganisti aega,

to prepare for their return.

valmistamaks ette oma tagasitulekut.

You might imagine that being a refugee

Te võite mõelda, et pagulaseks olemine

is just a temporary state.

on midagi ajutist.

Well far from it.

Kaugel sellest.

With wars going on and on,

Ajal, mil ümberringi toimuvad lõppematud sõjad,

the average time a refugee will spend in exile

viibivad pagulased eksiilis keskmiselt

is 17 years.

17 aastat.

Hany was into his second year in limbo

Hany oli teist aastat pagenduses,

when I went to visit him recently,

kui ma tal viimati külas käisin

and we conducted our entire conversation in English,

ja me vestlesime terve aja inglise keeles,

which he confessed to me he learned

mille ta oli õppinud, nagu ta tunnistas,

from reading all of Dan Brown's novels

Dan Browni romaane lugedes

and from listening to American rap.

ja Ameerika räppmuusikat kuulates.

We also spent some nice moments of laughter

Meil oli ka naeru

and fun with his beloved brother Ashraf.

ja rõõmu täis hetki koos tema armastatud venna Ashrafiga.

But I'll never forget what he told me

Ma ei unusta eal, mida ta ütles,

when we ended our conversation that day.

kui me lõpetasime oma tookordse vestluse.

He said to me,

Ta ütles mulle:

"If I am not a student, I am nothing."

"Kui ma pole õpilane, pole ma mitte keegi."

Hany is one of 50 million people

Hany on üks 50 miljonist inimesest,

uprooted in this world today.

kes on oma kodust pagenud.

Never since World War II

Mitte kunagi peale II maailmasõda

have so many people been forcibly displaced.

pole nii paljud inimesed olnud jõuga ümber paigutatud.

So while we're making sweeping progress

Samal ajal kui me teeme suuri edusamme

in human health,

tervise

in technology, in education and design,

ja tehnoloogia, hariduse ja disaini vallas,

we are doing dangerously little

oleme me liikunud häbiväärselt vähe,

to help the victims

aitamaks ohvreid

and we are doing far too little

ja me teeme kaugelt liiga vähe,

to stop and prevent

et lõpetada ja ennetada

the wars that are driving them from their homes.

sõdu, mis inimesi nende kodudest eemale kihutavad.

And there are more and more victims.

Ohvreid on üha rohkem.

Every day, on average,

Iga päev,

by the end of this day,

ka tänase päeva lõpuks,

32,000 people will be forcibly displaced

on keskmiselt 32 000 inimest sunnitud pagema

from their homes —

oma kodudest,

32,000 people.

32 000 inimest.

They flee across borders like this one.

Nad pagevad üle piiride nagu see.

We captured this on the Syrian border to Jordan,

See kaader on salvestatud Süüria-Jordaania piiril,

and this is a typical day.

ja see on tavapärane päev.

Or they flee on unseaworthy and overcrowded boats,

Paljud neist pagevad lagunevatel ja ülerahvastatud paatidel,

risking their lives in this case

riskides oma eludega,

just to reach safety in Europe.

et jõuda turvalisse Euroopasse.

This Syrian young man

See Süüria noormees

survived one of these boats that capsized —

pääses laevahukust,

most of the people drowned —

kus enamus inimestest uppus,

and he told us,

ja ütles meile:

"Syrians are just looking for a quiet place

"Süürlased otsivad rahulikku paika,

where nobody hurts you,

kus keegi neile haiget ei teeks,

where nobody humiliates you,

kus keegi neid ei alandaks,

and where nobody kills you."

kus keegi neid ei tapaks."

Well, I think that should be the minimum.

Ma arvan, et see peaks olema vähim.

How about a place of healing,

Miks ei võiks see olla koht, kus nad saavad oma haavu ravida,

of learning,

õppida

and even opportunity?

ja lootusrikkalt tulevikku vaadata?

Americans and Europeans

Ameeriklased ja eurooplased

have the impression that proportionally

arvavad, et ebaproportsionaalselt

huge numbers of refugees are coming

palju pagulasi üritab

to their country,

nende riiki pääseda,

but the reality is

kuid tegelikkus on see,

that 86 percent, the vast majority of refugees,

et 86% ehk valdav enamus pagulastest

are living in the developing world,

elab arengumaades,

in countries struggling with their own insecurity,

riikides, kus puudub kindlus,

with their own issues of helping their own populations

riikides, kus on raskusi oma rahva aitamisega,

and poverty.

riikides, kus valitseb vaesus.

So wealthy countries in the world should recognize

Jõukad riigid peaksid mõistma

the humanity and the generosity of the countries

nende riikide inimlikkust ja lahkust,

that are hosting so many refugees.

kes enda nigelatele oludele vaatamata nii palju pagulasi vastu võtavad.

And all countries should make sure that no one

Kõik riigid peaksid kindlustama, et mitte keegi,

fleeing war and persecution

kes pageb sõja ja tagakiusamise eest

arrives at a closed border.

ei peaks suletud piiri taga seisma jääma.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)

Thank you.

Aitäh.

But there is something more that we can do

Tegelikult saame me teha enamat,

than just simply helping refugees survive.

kui aidata pagulastel elus püsida.

We can help them thrive.

Me saame aidata neil särada.

We should think of refugee camps and communities

Me peaksime nägema pagulaslaagrites ja kogukondades enamat,

as more than just temporary population centers

kui lihtsalt ajutisi majutuskeskusi,

where people languish

kus inimesed kiratsevad

waiting for the war to end.

sõja lõppu oodates.

Rather, as centers of excellence,

Me peaksime neid laagreid nägema arengut soodustavate keskustena,

where refugees can triumph over their trauma

kus pagulased saavad üle neid kimbutavatest traumadest

and train for the day that they can go home

ja valmistuvad aktiivselt päevaks, mil nad saavad koju naaseda

as agents of positive change

positiivse mõtteviisi kandjate

and social transformation.

ja ühiskonna taasloojatena.

It makes so much sense,

See on üdini loogiline,

but I'm reminded of the terrible war in Somalia

kuid mulle meenub kohutav sõda, mis Somaaliat

that has been raging on for 22 years.

viimased 22 aastat laastanud on.

And imagine living in this camp.

Kujutage ette elu selles laagris.

I visited this camp.

Ma külastasin seda laagrit.

It's in Djibouti, neighboring Somalia,

See asub Somaalia külje all Dijboutis,

and it was so remote

see on kõigest nii kaugel,

that we had to take a helicopter to fly there.

et me pidime sinna jõudmiseks helikopterit kasutama.

It was dusty and it was terribly hot.

Seal oli tolmune ja kohutavalt palav.

And we went to visit a school

Me külastasime üht kooli

and started talking to the children,

ja rääkisime seal õppivate lastega,

and then I saw this girl across the room

kui ma nägin üht tüdrukut toa teises otsas,

who looked to me to be the same age

kes paistis samaealisena,

as my own daughter, and I went up and talked to her.

kui mu enda tütar ning ma läksin temaga vestlema.

And I asked her the questions

Ma küsisin temalt küsimusi,

that grown-ups ask kids,

mida täiskasvanud harilikult lastelt küsivad:

like, "What is your favorite subject?"

"Mis on su lemmikõppeaine?"

and, "What do you want to be when you grow up?"

"Mida sa tahad teha, kui sa suureks kasvad?"

And this is when her face turned blank,

Sel hetkel täitis ta pilku tühjus

and she said to me,

ja ta ütles mulle:

"I have no future.

"Mul pole tulevikku.

My schooling days are over."

Mu koolipäevad on läbi."

And I thought, there must be some misunderstanding,

Arvasin, et mõistan teda valesti

so I turned to my colleague

ja pöördusin kolleegi poole,

and she confirmed to me

kes aga kinnitas,

there is no funding for secondary education

et selles laagris ei jagu raha

in this camp.

keskhariduse pakkumiseks.

And how I wished at that moment

Sel hetkel ei tahtnud ma muud,

that I could say to her,

kui öelda sellele tüdrukule:

"We will build you a school."

"Me ehitame sulle kooli."

And I also thought, what a waste.

Ühtlasi mõtlesin, milline raiskamine see on.

She should be and she is

Ta peaks olema ja on

the future of Somalia.

Somaalia tulevik.

A boy named Jacob Atem

Poisil nimega Jacob Atem

had a different chance, but not before he experienced

oli teistsugune võimalus, kuid mitte enne seda, kui teda oli tabanud

terribly tragedy.

kohutav tragöödia.

He watched — this is in Sudan —

Ta nägi – see on Sudaanis –

as his village — he was only seven years old —

kuidas tema küla – ta oli vaid 7-aastane –

burned to the ground, and he learned

põles maani maha ja ta sai teada,

that his mother and his father

et tema ema, isa

and his entire family

ja kogu perekond

were killed that day.

hukkus sel päeval.

Only his cousin survived, and the two of them

Ainult tema nõbu jäi ellu ja nad

walked for seven months —

kõndisid kahekesi seitse kuud

this is boys like him —

– need on nendesarnased poisid –

chased and pursued by wild animals and armed gangs,

põigeldes metsloomade ja relvastatud jõuduke eest,

and they finally made it to refugee camps

ning jõudsid lõpuks pagulaslaagriteni,

where they found safety,

kust nad leidsid turvatunde,

and he would spend the next seven years

ja nad veetsid järgmised seitse aastat

in Kenya in a refugee camp.

Keenia pagulaslaagris.

But his life changed

Tema elu muutus

when he got the chance to be resettled

kui talle pakuti võimalust minna

to the United States,

Ameerikasse,

and he found love in a foster family

kus armastav kasupere ta vastu võttis

and he was able to go to school,

ja kus ta sai võimaluse minna kooli

and he wanted me to share with you

ja ta tahtis, et ma jagaksin teiega

this proud moment

seda uhket hetke,

when he graduated from university.

mil ta lõpetas ülikooli.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)

I spoke to him on Skype the other day,

Ma rääkisin temaga hiljuti Skype'is,

and he was in his new university in Florida

ta oli parasjagu Floridas ülikoolis,

pursuing his Ph.D. in public health,

kus ta omandab avaliku tervishoiu doktorikraadi

and he proudly told me how he was able to raise

ja ta ütles mulle uhkusega, et tal õnnestus koguda

enough funds from the American public

ameeriklastelt piisavalt toetusi,

to establish a health clinic back in his village

et rajada oma kodukülla

back home.

kliinik.

So I want to take you back to Hany.

Ma pöördun korraks tagasi Hany poole.

When I told him I was going to have the chance

Kui ma ütlesin talle, et mul avaneb võimalus

to speak to you here on the TED stage,

kõneleda teie ees TEDi laval,

he allowed me to read you a poem

lubas ta mul lugeda teile ühe luuletuse,

that he sent in an email to me.

mille ta mulle meili teel saatis.

He wrote:

Ta kirjutas:

"I miss myself,

"Ma igatsen iseend,

my friends,

oma sõpru,

times of reading novels or writing poems,

raamatute lugemist ja luuletuste kirjutamist,

birds and tea in the morning.

linde ja hommikust tassikest teed.

My room, my books, myself,

Oma tuba, raamatuid, iseend

and everything that was making me smile.

ja kõike, mis mulle naeratuse näole tõi.

Oh, oh, I had so many dreams

Oi-oi, mul oli hulganisti unistusi,

that were about to be realized."

mis kõik ootasid oma hetke."

So here is my point:

Minu sõnum on järgmine:

Not investing in refugees

pagulastesse mitte investeerimine

is a huge missed opportunity.

on tohutu käest lastud võimalus.

Leave them abandoned,

Kui me jätame nad hüljatuks,

and they risk exploitation and abuse,

siis nad riskivad ärakasutamise ja kuritarvitamisega,

and leave them unskilled and uneducated,

kui jätame nad oskuste ja hariduseta,

and delay by years the return

lükkub aastate võrra edasi nende naasemine koduriiki,

to peace and prosperity in their countries.

rahu jalule seadmine ja elujärje parandamine.

I believe how we treat the uprooted

Ma usun siiralt, et see, kuidas me kohtleme kodudest pagendatuid,

will shape the future of our world.

määrab meie maailma tuleviku.

The victims of war can hold the keys

Sõjaohvrid on tee

to lasting peace,

püsiva rahuni

and it's the refugees

ja pagulased on need,

who can stop the cycle of violence.

kes saavad vägivallatsükli lõpetada.

Hany is at a tipping point.

Hany elu on murdepunktis.

We would love to help him go to university

Meile meeldiks aidata tal ülikooli astuda

and to become an engineer,

ja inseneriks saada,

but our funds are prioritized for the basics in life:

kuid meie vahendid on suunatud elementaarseima hankimiseks:

tents and blankets and mattresses and kitchen sets,

telgid, tekid, madratsid, köögikomplektid

food rations and a bit of medicine.

toiduportsjonid ja elementaarsed meditsiinivahendid.

University is a luxury.

Ülikool on luksus.

But leave him to languish in this muddy field,

Kui jätame ta kiratsema sellele mudasele väljale,

and he will become a member

saab temast järjekorde liige

of a lost generation.

kadunud põlvkonnas.

Hany's story is a tragedy,

Hany lugu on traagiline,

but it doesn't have to end that way.

kuid see ei pea sedasi lõppema.

Thank you.

Aitäh.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)