Gary Haugen: The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now

Translator: Petra Aquamarine Reviewer: Linda Magáthová

To be honest, by personality,

Úprimne povedané,

na veľké vykrikovanie nemám povahu.

I'm just not much of a crier.

But I think in my career that's been a good thing.

Ale pre moju profesiu je to dobrá vlastnosť.

I'm a civil rights lawyer,

Som ľudsko-právny advokát

and I've seen some horrible things in the world.

a videl som na svete príšerné veci.

I began my career working police abuse cases in the United States.

Začínal som v USA na prípadoch policajnej šikany.

And then in 1994, I was sent to Rwanda

A potom ma v roku 1994 vyslali do Rwandy,

to be the director of the U.N.'s genocide investigation.

aby som pod OSN riadil vyšetrovanie genocídy.

It turns out that tears just aren't much help

Ukázalo sa, že slzy príliš nepomáhajú

when you're trying to investigate a genocide.

pri vyšetrovaní genocídy.

The things I had to see, and feel and touch

To, čo som tam videl, cítil a čoho som sa dotýkal,

were pretty unspeakable.

sa nedá slovami vyjadriť.

What I can tell you is this:

Ale môžem vám povedať jedno:

that the Rwandan genocide

Pri genocíde v Rwande

was one of the world's greatest failures of simple compassion.

svet obrovsky zlyhal v obyčajnom súcite.

That word, compassion, actually comes from two Latin words:

Slovo compassion (súcit) pochádza z dvoch latinských slov:

cum passio, which simply mean "to suffer with."

cum passio, ktoré jednoducho znamenajú „spolu trpieť“.

And the things that I saw and experienced

Boli chvíle, keď ma veci, ktoré som tam videl a zažil

in Rwanda as I got up close to human suffering,

pri odkrývaní ľudského utrpenia,

it did, in moments, move me to tears.

priviedli k slzám.

But I just wish that I, and the rest of the world,

Vtedy som si len hovoril,

had been moved earlier.

že súcit prišiel neskoro.

And not just to tears,

Že ja a celý svet

but to actually stop the genocide.

sme mali konať skôr a genocídu zastaviť.

Now by contrast, I've also been involved

Ale v svojej kariére som bol tiež svedkom

with one of the world's greatest successes of compassion.

jedného z najväčších úspechov celosvetového súcitu.

And that's the fight against global poverty.

Boja proti globálnej chudobe.

It's a cause that probably has involved all of us here.

Pravdepodobne sa doň každý z nás nejako zapojil.

I don't know if your first introduction

Na začiatku vás možno oslovili

might have been choruses of "We Are the World,"

slová piesne „We Are the World“

or maybe the picture of a sponsored child on your refrigerator door,

alebo obrázok sponzorovaného dieťaťa u vás na chladničke

or maybe the birthday you donated for fresh water.

a možno ste namiesto narodeninovej párty poslali peniaze na pitnú vodu.

I don't really remember what my first introduction to poverty was

Už neviem, aké bolo moje prvé stretnutie s problémom chudoby,

but I do remember the most jarring.

ale pamätám si to najšokujúcejšie.

It was when I met Venus --

Bolo ním stretnutie s Venus,

she's a mom from Zambia.

matkou zo Zambie.

She's got three kids and she's a widow.

Má tri deti a je vdova.

When I met her, she had walked about 12 miles

Vo svojich jediných šatách

prišla do hlavného mesta – 20 kilometrov peši –,

in the only garments she owned,

to come to the capital city and to share her story.

aby nám vypovedala svoj príbeh.

She sat down with me for hours,

Sedeli sme spolu celé hodiny

just ushered me in to the world of poverty.

a ona ma uviedla do sveta chudoby.

She described what it was like when the coals on the cooking fire

Opisovala, aké to je, keď uhlíky kuchynského ohňa

finally just went completely cold.

definitívne vychladnú.

When that last drop of cooking oil finally ran out.

Keď sa minie posledná kvapka oleja.

When the last of the food, despite her best efforts,

Keď sa, napriek všetkej snahe,

minie posledné jedlo.

ran out.

She had to watch her youngest son, Peter,

Musela sa pozerať, ako Peter,

suffer from malnutrition,

jej najmladší syn, trpí podvýživou.

as his legs just slowly bowed into uselessness.

Ako sa mu nohy pomaly ohýbajú a nedokážu ho ďalej niesť.

As his eyes grew cloudy and dim.

Ako sa mu kalí zrak.

And then as Peter finally grew cold.

A nakoniec, ako jeho telo chladne.

For over 50 years, stories like this have been moving us to compassion.

Takéto príbehy nás už 50 rokov privádzajú k súcitu.

We whose kids have plenty to eat.

Nás, ktorých deti majú jedla nadostač.

And we're moved not only to care about global poverty,

Svetová chudoba nám nielenže nie je ľahostajná,

but to actually try to do our part to stop the suffering.

snažíme sa aj konať a utrpenie zastaviť.

Now there's plenty of room for critique that we haven't done enough,

Vždy sa dá namietnuť, že nerobíme dosť

and what it is that we've done hasn't been effective enough,

alebo že naša pomoc nie je dosť účinná,

but the truth is this:

ale pravda je takáto:

The fight against global poverty is probably the broadest,

Boj proti svetovej chudobe je zrejme najširší,

longest running manifestation of the human phenomenon of compassion

najdlhšie trvajúci prejav ľudského súcitu

in the history of our species.

v ľudskej histórii.

And so I'd like to share a pretty shattering insight

Ale dovolím si vyjadriť jednu znepokojivú skutočnosť,

that might forever change the way you think about that struggle.

ktorá možno navždy zmení váš pohľad na tento boj.

But first, let me begin with what you probably already know.

Rád by som začal tým, čo už zrejme viete.

Thirty-five years ago, when I would have been graduating from high school,

Pred 35 rokmi, v čase, keď som maturoval,

they told us that 40,000 kids every day died because of poverty.

nám vraveli, že denne kvôli chudobe umiera 40-tisíc detí.

That number, today, is now down to 17,000.

Dnes to číslo kleslo na 17-tisíc.

Way too many, of course,

Samozrejme je to stále príliš veľa,

but it does mean that every year,

ale znamená to, že 8 miliónov detí ročne

there's eight million kids who don't have to die from poverty.

nemusí umrieť kvôli chudobe.

Moreover, the number of people in our world

Navyše počet ľudí

who are living in extreme poverty,

žijúcich v extrémnej chudobe –

which is defined as living off about a dollar and a quarter a day,

teda tých, čo musia vyžiť z jedného a štvrť dolára denne –

that has fallen from 50 percent,

klesol z 50 % svetovej populácie

to only 15 percent.

na 15 %.

This is massive progress,

To je veľký pokrok,

and this exceeds everybody's expectations about what is possible.

ktorý predstihol všeobecné očakávanie.

And I think you and I,

Pre vás, rovnako ako pre mňa,

I think, honestly, that we can feel proud and encouraged

je isto povzbudivé vidieť,

to see the way that compassion actually has the power

že náš súcit má tú moc

to succeed in stopping the suffering of millions.

zastaviť utrpenie miliónov ľudí.

But here's the part that you might not hear very much about.

Ale je jedna vec, ktorá sa často nespomína.

If you move that poverty mark just up to two dollars a day,

Ak ako limit chudoby stanovíme 2 doláre denne,

it turns out that virtually the same two billion people

ukáže sa, že v extrémnej biede

who were stuck in that harsh poverty when I was in high school,

žije prakticky rovnaké množstvo ľudí,

ako keď som chodil na strednú –

are still stuck there,

35 years later.

pred 35 rokmi.

So why, why are so many billions still stuck in such harsh poverty?

Prečo teda toľko miliárd uviazlo v extrémnej chudobe?

Well, let's think about Venus for a moment.

Vráťme sa na chvíľu k Venus.

Now for decades, my wife and I have been moved by common compassion

Po celé desaťročia nás s manželkou viedol obyčajný súcit

to sponsor kids, to fund microloans,

k sponzorovaniu detí, k financovaniu mikroúverov,

to support generous levels of foreign aid.

k podpore štedrej rozvojovej pomoci.

But until I had actually talked to Venus,

Ale kým som nestretol Venus,

I would have had no idea that none of those approaches

netušil som, že žiadna z týchto vecí

actually addressed why she had to watch her son die.

nemohla zabrániť tomu, aby ona videla svojho syna umierať.

"We were doing fine," Venus told me,

„Mali sme sa dobre,“ rozprávala Venus,

"until Brutus started to cause trouble."

„kým Brutus nezačal robiť problémy.“

Now, Brutus is Venus' neighbor and "cause trouble"

Brutus je Venusin sused a „robiť problémy“ začal

is what happened the day after Venus' husband died,

v deň po smrti jej manžela.

when Brutus just came and threw Venus and the kids out of the house,

Jednoducho vošiel a vyhodil ju aj deti z domu,

stole all their land, and robbed their market stall.

prisvojil si ich pozemky a vykradol ich trhový stánok.

You see, Venus was thrown into destitution by violence.

Vidíte, Venus uvrhlo v biedu násilie.

And then it occurred to me, of course,

Vtedy som si uvedomil,

that none of my child sponsorships, none of the microloans,

že moja podpora chudobných detí

none of the traditional anti-poverty programs

ani žiaden mikroúver či klasický program proti chudobe

were going to stop Brutus,

takého Brutusa nezastaví.

because they weren't meant to.

Lebo to ani nie je ich cieľ.

This became even more clear to me when I met Griselda.

Ešte jasnejšie som si to uvedomil pri stretnutí s Griseldou.

She's a marvelous young girl living in a very poor community

Je to jedno úžasné dievča

z chudobnej guatemalskej obce.

in Guatemala.

And one of the things we've learned over the years

Za tie roky sme sa naučili,

is that perhaps the most powerful thing

že zrejme to najlepšie,

that Griselda and her family can do

čo môžeme urobiť pre to,

to get Griselda and her family out of poverty

aby sa Griselda a jej rodina vyhrabali z chudoby,

is to make sure that she goes to school.

je poslať ju do školy.

The experts call this the Girl Effect.

Odborníci to volajú „dievčenský efekt“.

But when we met Griselda, she wasn't going to school.

Keď som ale stretol Griseldu, do školy nechodila.

In fact, she was rarely ever leaving her home.

V podstate skoro nevychádzala z domu.

Days before we met her,

Pár dní predtým,

while she was walking home from church with her family,

keď sa so svojou rodinou vracala z kostola –

in broad daylight,

za bieleho dňa –

men from her community just snatched her off the street,

vrhli sa na ňu chlapi z obce

and violently raped her.

a brutálne ju znásilnili.

See, Griselda had every opportunity to go to school,

Vidíte, Griselda mohla chodiť do školy,

it just wasn't safe for her to get there.

len to pre ňu nebolo bezpečné.

And Griselda's not the only one.

A nie je jediná.

Around the world, poor women and girls

Celosvetovo sú chudobné ženy a dievčatá

between the ages of 15 and 44,

vo veku 15 až 44 rokov

they are -- when victims of the everyday violence

skupinou najohrozenejšou domácim a sexuálnym násilím.

of domestic abuse and sexual violence --

those two forms of violence account for more death and disability

Tieto dve formy násilia spôsobujú viac úmrtí a ujm na zdraví

than malaria, than car accidents, than war combined.

než malária, autonehody a vojny dokopy.

The truth is, the poor of our world are trapped in whole systems of violence.

Pravdou je, že chudobní tohto sveta sú uväznení v celých systémoch násilia.

In South Asia, for instance, I could drive past this rice mill

V Južnej Ázii som napríklad prechádzal okolo mlyna na ryžu

and see this man hoisting these 100-pound sacks

a videl muža vláčiaceho na chrbte

of rice upon his thin back.

50-kilové vrecia ryže.

But I would have no idea, until later,

Ale vtedy som netušil,

that he was actually a slave,

že to bol otrok,

held by violence in that rice mill since I was in high school.

ktorého na mlyne držali od čias, čo som ja chodil na strednú.

Decades of anti-poverty programs right in his community

Ani desaťročia rozvojovej pomoci priamo v danej obci

were never able to rescue him or any of the hundred other slaves

nezachránili jeho ani stovky ďalších otrokov;

from the beatings and the rapes and the torture

nezabránili bitkám, znásilneniam

of violence inside the rice mill.

a mučeniu na tomto mlyne.

In fact, half a century of anti-poverty programs

V skutočnosti po pol storočí boja proti chudobe

have left more poor people in slavery

je na svete viac zotročených ľudí

than in any other time in human history.

než kedykoľvek v ľudskej histórii.

Experts tell us that there's about 35 million people in slavery today.

Podľa odborníkov je dnes

asi 35 miliónov ľudí držaných v otroctve.

To je celá populácia Kanady,

That's about the population of the entire nation of Canada,

where we're sitting today.

krajiny, kde sa práve nachádzame.

This is why, over time, I have come to call this epidemic of violence

Preto som túto epidémiu násilia

the Locust Effect.

začal časom volať „efekt kobylky“.

Because in the lives of the poor, it just descends like a plague

Pretože na život chudobných dopadne ako mor

and it destroys everything.

a zničí všetko.

In fact, now when you survey very, very poor communities,

Naozaj, keď sa v prieskume pýtame tých najchudobnejších,

residents will tell you that their greatest fear is violence.

povedia nám, že najviac sa boja násilia.

But notice the violence that they fear

A to násilie, ktorého sa boja,

is not the violence of genocide or the wars,

nie sú genocídy alebo vojny;

it's everyday violence.

je to násilie bežného dňa.

So for me, as a lawyer, of course, my first reaction was to think,

Keďže som právnik, hneď mi napadlo,

well, of course we've got to change all the laws.

že treba zmeniť zákony.

We've got to make all this violence against the poor illegal.

Všetko toto násilie na chudobných bude protizákonné.

But then I found out, it already is.

Ale potom som zistil, že to už dávno je.

The problem is not that the poor don't get laws,

Nejde o to, že by sa na chudobných zákony nevzťahovali;

it's that they don't get law enforcement.

jednoducho sa nedodržujú.

In the developing world,

V rozvojovom svete

basic law enforcement systems are so broken

bývajú orgány činné v trestnom konaní také nefunkčné,

that recently the U.N. issued a report that found

že podľa nedávnej správy OSN

that "most poor people live outside the protection of the law."

„väčšina chudobných žije bez právnej ochrany.“

Now honestly, you and I have just about no idea

Úprimne, vy ani ja si poriadne nevieme predstaviť,

of what that would mean

čo to znamená,

because we have no first-hand experience of it.

pretože sme sa s tým naživo nestretli.

Functioning law enforcement for us is just a total assumption.

Policajnú ochranu považujeme za samozrejmú.

In fact, nothing expresses that assumption more clearly than three simple numbers:

Nič túto samozrejmosť nevyjadruje lepšie ako tri čísla:

9-1-1,

9 – 1 – 1,

which, of course, is the number for the emergency police operator

číslo tiesňového volania na políciu

here in Canada and in the United States,

v USA a v Kanade.

where the average response time to a police 911 emergency call

Priemerný čas, za ktorý po volaní dorazí policajná hliadka,

is about 10 minutes.

je asi 10 minút.

So we take this just completely for granted.

Berieme to ako úplnú samozrejmosť.

But what if there was no law enforcement to protect you?

Ale čo keby nebolo žiadnej polície, ktorá by vám prišla na pomoc?

A woman in Oregon recently experienced what this would be like.

Jedna žena z Oregonu nedávno zakúsila, aké to je.

She was home alone in her dark house on a Saturday night,

Bola sobotná noc a ona bola sama doma,

when a man started to tear his way into her home.

keď sa k nej začal dobíjať istý muž.

This was her worst nightmare,

To bola jej najhoršia nočná mora,

because this man had actually put her in the hospital from an assault

lebo len pred dvoma týždňami

skončila po útoku toho muža v nemocnici.

just two weeks before.

So terrified, she picks up that phone and does what any of us would do:

Vydesená vzala telefón a spravila to, čo by spravil každý:

She calls 911 --

vytočila 911 –

but only to learn that because of budget cuts in her county,

a zistila, že kvôli nízkemu rozpočtu

zrušili v jej okrese policajné hliadky cez víkend.

law enforcement wasn't available on the weekends.

Listen.

Počúvajte.

Dispatcher: I don't have anybody to send out there.

Operátorka: Nemám k vám koho poslať.

Woman: OK

Žena: Aha.

Dispatcher: Um, obviously if he comes inside the residence and assaults you,

Operátorka: Keď sa k vám vláme a zaútočí na vás,

can you ask him to go away?

asi nepomôže, keď ho pošlete preč.

Or do you know if he is intoxicated or anything?

Nie je náhodou opitý alebo niečo?

Woman: I've already asked him. I've already told him I was calling you.

Žena: Už som ho posielala preč. Vie, že volám políciu.

Už sa raz dovnútra dobil, vyrazil dvere a zaútočil na mňa.

He's broken in before, busted down my door, assaulted me.

Dispatcher: Uh-huh.

Operátorka: Mhm.

Woman: Um, yeah, so ...

Žena: No, takže …

Dispatcher: Is there any way you could safely leave the residence?

Operátorka: Máte ako odísť z domu?

Woman: No, I can't, because he's blocking pretty much my only way out.

Žena: Nemám, on blokuje jediný východ.

Dispatcher: Well, the only thing I can do is give you some advice,

Operátorka: Viete, ja vám môžem len radiť

and call the sheriff's office tomorrow.

a zajtra to nahlásiť polícii.

Obviously, if he comes in and unfortunately has a weapon

Ale ak sa mu podarí vlámať a bude mať nedajbože zbraň

or is trying to cause you physical harm, that's a different story.

alebo vám skúsi ublížiť, tak to príliš nepomôže.

You know, the sheriff's office doesn't work up there.

Polícia vo vašom okrese dnes nepracuje.

I don't have anybody to send."

Nemám tam koho poslať.

Gary Haugen: Tragically, the woman inside that house

Gary Haugen: Je tragické, že tú ženu

was violently assaulted, choked and raped

našli dobitú, uškrtenú a znásilnenú.

because this is what it means to live outside the rule of law.

Lebo tak vyzerá svet, kde chýba ruka zákona.

And this is where billions of our poorest live.

To je svet miliárd najchudobnejších.

What does that look like?

Ako to vyzerá?

In Bolivia, for example, if a man sexually assaults a poor child,

Ak napríklad v Bolívii znásilní muž chudobné dieťa,

statistically, he's at greater risk of slipping in the shower and dying

má väčšiu šancu, že umrie následkom pošmyknutia v sprche,

than he is of ever going to jail for that crime.

než že ho niekedy za ten zločin odsúdia.

In South Asia, if you enslave a poor person,

Alebo ak v Južnej Ázii zotročíte chudobného,

you're at greater risk of being struck by lightning

štatisticky vám viac hrozí úder blesku

than ever being sent to jail for that crime.

než väzenie.

And so the epidemic of everyday violence, it just rages on.

A tak epidémia každodenného násilia môže besnieť ďalej.

And it devastates our efforts to try to help billions of people

A ničí našu snahu pomôcť miliardám ľudí

out of their two-dollar-a-day hell.

dostať sa z pekla dvoch dolárov denne.

[Každodenné násilie besnie ďalej]

Because the data just doesn't lie.

Pretože dáta neklamú.

It turns out that you can give all manner of goods and services

Ukazuje sa, že čokoľvek by ste

to the poor,

chudobným poskytli,

but if you don't restrain the hands of the violent bullies

ak nezabránite tomu,

aby im to vzal nejaký násilník,

from taking it all away,

you're going to be very disappointed in the long-term impact of your efforts.

budete dlhodobo sklamaní neúspechom vášho úsilia.

So you would think that the disintegration of basic law enforcement

Človek by si myslel, že zefektívnenie základnej policajnej ochrany

in the developing world would be a huge priority

v rozvojovom svete

bude v svetovom boji proti chudobe prioritou číslo jedna.

for the global fight against poverty.

But it's not.

Nie je to tak.

Auditors of international assistance recently couldn't find

Nedávny audit medzinárodnej pomoci

even one percent of aid going to protect the poor

nenapočítal ani jedno percento zdrojov

určených na ochranu chudobných pred každodenným násilím.

from the lawless chaos of everyday violence.

And honestly, when we do talk about violence against the poor,

A keď už sa o násilí na chudobných hovorí,

sometimes it's in the weirdest of ways.

je to často v dosť čudnom kontexte.

A fresh water organization tells a heart-wrenching story

Organizácia za pitnú vodu rozpráva srdcervúci príbeh

of girls who are raped on the way to fetching water,

o dievčatách znásilnených cestou k studni

and then celebrates the solution of a new well

a riešenie vidí v novej studni,

that drastically shortens their walk.

ktorá im cestu výrazne skráti.

End of story.

Koniec príbehu.

But not a word about the rapists who are still right there in the community.

Ani slovo o násilníkoch, ktorí si v danej komunite ďalej žijú.

If a young woman on one of our college campuses

Ak by u nás na niektorom internáte

was raped on her walk to the library,

znásilnili študentku na ceste do knižnice,

we would never celebrate the solution of moving the library closer to the dorm.

nikdy by sme riešenie nevideli

v presťahovaní knižnice bližšie k izbám.

And yet, for some reason, this is okay for poor people.

Ale zo záhadných dôvodov nám to pri chudobných nevadí.

Now the truth is, the traditional experts

Faktom je, že tradiční odborníci

in economic development and poverty alleviation,

na hospodársky rozvoj a zmierňovanie chudoby

they don't know how to fix this problem.

nevedia, čo si s týmto problémom počať.

And so what happens?

Takže robia čo?

They don't talk about it.

Mlčia o tom.

But the more fundamental reason

Ale hlbšou príčinou

that law enforcement for the poor in the developing world

zanedbanej policajnej ochrany

chudobných v rozvojovom svete

is so neglected,

is because the people inside the developing world, with money,

je fakt, že miestni bohatí ju nepotrebujú.

don't need it.

I was at the World Economic Forum not long ago

Nedávno som bol na Svetovom ekonomickom fóre

talking to corporate executives who have massive businesses in the developing world

a riaditeľom veľkých korporácií podnikajúcich v rozvojovom svete

and I was just asking them,

som položil túto otázku:

"How do you guys protect all your people and property from all the violence?"

„Ako chránite svojich ľudí a majetok pred všetkým tým násilím?“

And they looked at each other, and they said, practically in unison,

Pozrú sa jeden na druhého a prakticky jednohlasne vravia:

"We buy it."

„Platíme za to.“

Indeed, private security forces in the developing world

Je to tak, súkromné bezpečnostné zložky sú v rozvojovom svete

are now, four, five and seven times larger than the public police force.

štyri-, päť-, sedemkrát silnejšie než polícia.

In Africa, the largest employer on the continent now is private security.

V Afrike

sú najväčším zamestnávateľom na kontinente bezpečnostné firmy.

But see, the rich can pay for safety and can keep getting richer,

Bohatí si môžu dovoliť za svoju bezpečnosť platiť a bohatnú ďalej,

but the poor can't pay for it and they're left totally unprotected

ale chudobní platiť nemôžu, a tak zostávajú úplne bez ochrany

and they keep getting thrown to the ground.

a klesajú až na dno.

This is a massive and scandalous outrage.

To je obrovská krivda a škandál.

And it doesn't have to be this way.

A nemusí to tak byť.

Broken law enforcement can be fixed.

Príslušné orgány sa dajú napraviť.

Violence can be stopped.

To násilie sa dá zastaviť.

Almost all criminal justice systems,

Takmer všetky trestnoprávne systémy

they start out broken and corrupt,

sú na začiatku náchylné ku korupcii,

but they can be transformed by fierce effort and commitment.

ale to sa dá snahou a odhodlaním zmeniť.

The path forward is really pretty clear.

Cesta vpred je úplne jasná.

Number one: We have to start making

Po prvé: Zastavenie násilia

stopping violence indispensable to the fight against poverty.

sa musí stať základom boja proti chudobe.

In fact, any conversation about global poverty

Žiadnu debatu o svetovej chudobe,

that doesn't include the problem of violence must be deemed not serious.

ktorá sa vyhýba téme násilia,

nemôžeme považovať za serióznu.

And secondly, we have to begin to seriously invest resources

Po druhé, musíme začať solídne finančne a odborne podporovať

and share expertise to support the developing world

rozvojové krajiny pri transformácii

as they fashion new, public systems of justice,

orgánov činných v trestnom konaní –

nie súkromných agentúr –,

not private security,

that give everybody a chance to be safe.

ktoré budú chrániť všetkých bez rozdielu.

These transformations are actually possible

Takáto transformácia je možná

and they're happening today.

a v skutočnosti už prebieha.

Recently, the Gates Foundation funded a project

Nedávno podporila Gatesova nadácia projekt

in the second largest city of the Philippines,

v druhom najväčšom filipínskom meste,

where local advocates and local law enforcement

kde miestni právnici spolu s miestnymi úradmi

were able to transform corrupt police and broken courts so drastically,

dokázali tak zatočiť s korupciou v polícii a na súdoch,

that in just four short years,

že už v priebehu štyroch rokov

they were able to measurably reduce

sa nútená prostitúcia chudobných detí

the commercial sexual violence against poor kids by 79 percent.

merateľne znížila o 79 %.

You know, from the hindsight of history,

Viete, keď sa obzrieme do histórie,

what's always most inexplicable and inexcusable

to, čo najviac nevieme pochopiť,

are the simple failures of compassion.

je zlyhanie ľudského súcitu.

Because I think history convenes a tribunal of our grandchildren

Keď nás raz budú súdiť naši vnuci,

and they just ask us,

spýtajú sa:

"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you?

„Babka, dedko, kde ste boli?

Where were you, Grandpa, when the Jews were fleeing Nazi Germany

Kde si bol, dedko, keď Židov utekajúcich z nacistického Nemecka

and were being rejected from our shores?

odmietali na našich hraniciach?

Where were you?

Kde si bol?

And Grandma, where were you when they were marching

A babka, kde si bola,

our Japanese-American neighbors off to internment camps?

keď našich americko-japonských susedov posielali do táborov?

And Grandpa, where were you when they were beating

A dedko, kde si bol, keď bili

our African-American neighbors

našich afroamerických susedov

just because they were trying to register to vote?"

len preto, že sa chceli zaregistrovať k voľbám?“

Likewise, when our grandchildren ask us,

A keď sa nás rovnako spýtajú:

"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you

„Babka, dedko, kde ste boli,

when two billion of the world's poorest were drowning in a lawless chaos

keď sa dve miliardy najchudobnejších

of everyday violence?"

prepadali do bezvládia každodenného násilia?“

I hope we can say that we had compassion, that we raised our voice,

Dúfam, že budeme môcť prehlásiť, že sme mali súcit a ozvali sme sa,

and as a generation, we were moved to make the violence stop.

že sme ako generácia mali silu to násilie zastaviť.

Thank you very much.

Ďakujem pekne.

(Applause)

(potlesk)

Chris Anderson: Really powerfully argued.

Chris Anderson: To bolo presvedčivé.

Talk to us a bit about some of the things

Ešte nám porozprávaj, ako sa vám napríklad darí

that have actually been happening to, for example, boost police training.

zlepšovať výcvik policajtov.

How hard a process is that?

Je to náročný proces?

GH: Well, one of the glorious things that's starting to happen now

Gary Haugen: Konečne začína byť zreteľne vidieť,

is that the collapse of these systems and the consequences are becoming obvious.

že tieto systémy kolabujú a aké to má dôsledky.

There's actually, now, political will to do that.

V súčasnosti k zmene nechýba politická vôľa.

But it just requires now an investment of resources and transfer of expertise.

Chce to len väčšiu finančnú podporu a prenos skúseností.

There's a political will struggle that's going to take place as well,

Samozrejme budú aj politickí oponenti,

but those are winnable fights,

ale ten boj sa dá vyhrať;

because we've done some examples around the world

projekty, ktoré sme už po svete rozbehli

at International Justice Mission that are very encouraging.

s Medzinárodnou misiou spravodlivosti, sú veľmi povzbudivé.

CA: So just tell us in one country, how much it costs

CA: Ešte nám povedz, na koľko asi vyjde

to make a material difference to police, for example --

materiálna podpora polície v jednej krajine

I know that's only one piece of it.

– viem, že to je len časť problému.

GH: In Guatemala, for instance, we've started a project there

GH: Napríklad v Guatemale máme projekt,

with the local police and court system, prosecutors,

v rámci ktorého školíme miestnu políciu, súdy, prokurátorov,

to retrain them so that they can actually effectively bring these cases.

aby dokázali takéto zločiny účinne postihovať.

And we've seen prosecutions against perpetrators of sexual violence

Počet obvinených páchateľov sexuálneho násilia

increase by more than 1,000 percent.

vzrástol o vyše 1 000 %.

This project has been very modestly funded at about a million dollars a year,

Projekt bol veľmi skromne financovaný, asi milión dolárov ročne.

and the kind of bang you can get for your buck

Za tie peniaze je to fakt terno,

in terms of leveraging a criminal justice system

investícia do trestnoprávneho systému, ktorý bude fungovať,

that could function if it were properly trained and motivated and led,

ak má dobre vyškolených, motivovaných a vedených zamestnancov.

and these countries, especially a middle class

A v týchto krajinách, kde ani stredná trieda

that is seeing that there's really no future

nevidí žiadnu budúcnosť

with this total instability and total privatization of security

kvôli totálnej nestabilite a privatizácii bezpečnostných služieb,

I think there's an opportunity, a window for change.

predstavujú takéto projekty nádej na zmenu.

CA: But to make this happen, you have to look at each part in the chain --

CA: Ale aby sa tá zmena udiala, treba podchytiť všetky časti reťazca

the police, who else?

– okrem polície je to ešte čo?

GH: So that's the thing about law enforcement,

GH: Orgány činné v trestnom konaní –

it starts out with the police,

na začiatku reťazca je polícia,

they're the front end of the pipeline of justice,

tam začína výkon spravodlivosti,

but they hand if off to the prosecutors,

ale potom sa vec predá prokurátorovi

and the prosecutors hand it off to the courts,

a ten to posunie na súd.

and the survivors of violence have to be supported by social services

Obete násilia tiež potrebujú podporu sociálnych služieb

all the way through that.

počas celého procesu.

So you have to do an approach that pulls that all together.

Takže treba stratégiu, ktorá myslí na to všetko.

In the past, there's been a little bit of training of the courts,

V minulosti boli isté pokroky v súdnictve,

but they get crappy evidence from the police,

ale chýbal dôkazový materiál od polície.

or a little police intervention that has to do with narcotics or terrorism

Polícia zasahovala, keď išlo o drogy alebo terorizmus,

but nothing to do with treating the common poor person

ale obyčajného chudobného

nevedela profesionálne ochrániť.

with excellent law enforcement,

so it's about pulling that all together,

Ak sa to podarí všetko podchytiť,

and you can actually have people in very poor communities

aj chudobným sa môže dostať ochrany,

experience law enforcement like us,

na akú sme zvyknutí my

which is imperfect in our own experience, for sure,

– hoci sa nám nemusí zdať dokonalá.

but boy, is it a great thing to sense that you can call 911

Každopádne lepšie sa žije s pocitom, že môžete vytočiť 911

and maybe someone will protect you.

a niekto vám príde pomôcť.

CA: Gary, I think you've done a spectacular job

CA: Gary, myslím, že sa ti tu dnes –

a tiež prostredníctvom tvojej knihy –

of bringing this to the world's attention

podarilo upozorniť svetovú verejnosť na tento problém.

in your book and right here today.

Thanks so much.

Ďakujeme.

Gary Haugen.

Gary Haugen.

(Applause)

(potlesk)