Gary Haugen: The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now

319,715 views ใƒป 2015-04-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
To be honest, by personality,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื”, ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
00:15
I'm just not much of a crier.
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ื™ืŸ.
00:19
But I think in my career that's been a good thing.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:23
I'm a civil rights lawyer,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™,
00:24
and I've seen some horrible things in the world.
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:29
I began my career working police abuse cases in the United States.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:32
And then in 1994, I was sent to Rwanda
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ื•ืื– ื‘ 1994, ื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœืจื•ืื ื“ื”
00:36
to be the director of the U.N.'s genocide investigation.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืจืฆื— ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื.
00:41
It turns out that tears just aren't much help
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื“ืžืขื•ืช ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช
00:45
when you're trying to investigate a genocide.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืจืฆื— ืขื.
00:49
The things I had to see, and feel and touch
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื’ืขืช
00:54
were pretty unspeakable.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืชืื•ืจ.
00:57
What I can tell you is this:
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ื–ื” ื–ื”:
01:00
that the Rwandan genocide
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ืฉืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”
01:02
was one of the world's greatest failures of simple compassion.
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ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
01:09
That word, compassion, actually comes from two Latin words:
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื—ืžืœื”, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืช:
01:13
cum passio, which simply mean "to suffer with."
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ืงื•ื ืคืกื™ื•, ืฉืžืฉืžืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ "ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืขื."
01:18
And the things that I saw and experienced
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™
01:22
in Rwanda as I got up close to human suffering,
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ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื›ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ืชื™ ืœืกื‘ืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™,
01:24
it did, in moments, move me to tears.
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ื–ื” ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœื“ืžืขื•ืช.
01:28
But I just wish that I, and the rest of the world,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจืง ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™
01:30
had been moved earlier.
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ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:33
And not just to tears,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื“ืžืขื•ืช,
01:35
but to actually stop the genocide.
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ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื.
01:38
Now by contrast, I've also been involved
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘
01:41
with one of the world's greatest successes of compassion.
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ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”.
01:47
And that's the fight against global poverty.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™.
01:50
It's a cause that probably has involved all of us here.
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ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื›ืœืœื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืคื”.
01:52
I don't know if your first introduction
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื
01:54
might have been choruses of "We Are the World,"
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ "ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื,"
01:58
or maybe the picture of a sponsored child on your refrigerator door,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื“ืœืช ื”ืžืงืจืจ ืฉืœื›ื,
02:02
or maybe the birthday you donated for fresh water.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื• ืชืจืžืชื ืœืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
02:06
I don't really remember what my first introduction to poverty was
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืขื•ื ื™
02:09
but I do remember the most jarring.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ืคื•ืขืจืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
02:13
It was when I met Venus --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื•ื ื•ืก --
02:15
she's a mom from Zambia.
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ื”ื™ื ืื ืžื–ืžื‘ื™ื”.
02:18
She's got three kids and she's a widow.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืืœืžื ื”.
02:21
When I met her, she had walked about 12 miles
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ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ
02:25
in the only garments she owned,
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ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื”,
02:27
to come to the capital city and to share her story.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”.
02:31
She sat down with me for hours,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื•ืช,
02:35
just ushered me in to the world of poverty.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
02:40
She described what it was like when the coals on the cooking fire
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ื”ื™ื ืชืืจื” ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ืคื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ
02:43
finally just went completely cold.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืงืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
02:46
When that last drop of cooking oil finally ran out.
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ื›ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื ื’ืžืจื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
02:51
When the last of the food, despite her best efforts,
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ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
02:55
ran out.
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ื ื’ืžืจ.
02:58
She had to watch her youngest son, Peter,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืคื™ื˜ืจ,
03:01
suffer from malnutrition,
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ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืชืช ืชื–ื•ื ื”,
03:03
as his legs just slowly bowed into uselessness.
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ื›ืฉืจื’ืœื™ื• ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ืชืงืฉืชื• ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช.
03:07
As his eyes grew cloudy and dim.
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ื›ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืžืขื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:11
And then as Peter finally grew cold.
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ื•ืื– ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœืงืจ.
03:18
For over 50 years, stories like this have been moving us to compassion.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžืขื˜ 50 ืฉื ื”, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืžืœื”.
03:23
We whose kids have plenty to eat.
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ืื ื• ืฉืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
03:26
And we're moved not only to care about global poverty,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื•ื ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
03:29
but to actually try to do our part to stop the suffering.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื—ืœืงื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ.
03:34
Now there's plenty of room for critique that we haven't done enough,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง,
03:37
and what it is that we've done hasn't been effective enough,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
03:41
but the truth is this:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
03:44
The fight against global poverty is probably the broadest,
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ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื‘
03:48
longest running manifestation of the human phenomenon of compassion
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ื•ืžืชืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”
03:53
in the history of our species.
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ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:56
And so I'd like to share a pretty shattering insight
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื“ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืขื”
04:00
that might forever change the way you think about that struggle.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื–ื”.
04:04
But first, let me begin with what you probably already know.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
04:07
Thirty-five years ago, when I would have been graduating from high school,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉื”ืชื‘ื’ืจืชื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
04:10
they told us that 40,000 kids every day died because of poverty.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉ 40,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื•ื ื™.
04:17
That number, today, is now down to 17,000.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ืจื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœ 17,000.
04:21
Way too many, of course,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
04:23
but it does mean that every year,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
04:26
there's eight million kids who don't have to die from poverty.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื•ื ื™.
04:31
Moreover, the number of people in our world
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ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
04:34
who are living in extreme poverty,
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
04:36
which is defined as living off about a dollar and a quarter a day,
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ืฉืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืจืš ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืจื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื•ื,
04:39
that has fallen from 50 percent,
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ื–ื” ื™ืจื“ ืž50 ืื—ื•ื–,
04:43
to only 15 percent.
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ืœืจืง 15 ืื—ื•ื–.
04:47
This is massive progress,
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ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช,
04:48
and this exceeds everybody's expectations about what is possible.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื™.
04:54
And I think you and I,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื ื•ืื ื™,
04:57
I think, honestly, that we can feel proud and encouraged
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื’ืื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื
05:01
to see the way that compassion actually has the power
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืœื—ืžืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื—
05:05
to succeed in stopping the suffering of millions.
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ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
05:10
But here's the part that you might not hear very much about.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”.
05:14
If you move that poverty mark just up to two dollars a day,
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ืื ืชื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” ืจืง ืœืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื,
05:19
it turns out that virtually the same two billion people
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืชื ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
05:22
who were stuck in that harsh poverty when I was in high school,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
05:26
are still stuck there,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื,
05:28
35 years later.
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35 ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:30
So why, why are so many billions still stuck in such harsh poverty?
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ืื– ืœืžื”, ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื™ ืงืฉื”?
05:36
Well, let's think about Venus for a moment.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื•ื ื•ืก ืœืจื’ืข.
05:39
Now for decades, my wife and I have been moved by common compassion
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื, ืืช ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื ื™ืขื” ื—ืžืœื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”
05:43
to sponsor kids, to fund microloans,
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ืœืžืžืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœืžืžืŸ ืžื™ืงืจื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
05:45
to support generous levels of foreign aid.
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ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ื—ื•ืฅ.
05:49
But until I had actually talked to Venus,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ื•ื ื•ืก,
05:52
I would have had no idea that none of those approaches
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
05:55
actually addressed why she had to watch her son die.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื” ืžืช.
06:01
"We were doing fine," Venus told me,
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"ื”ืกืชื“ืจื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘," ื•ื ื•ืก ืืžืจื” ืœื™,
06:06
"until Brutus started to cause trouble."
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"ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆืจื•ืช."
06:10
Now, Brutus is Venus' neighbor and "cause trouble"
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ื ื•ืก ื•"ื’ืจื ืฆืจื•ืช"
06:13
is what happened the day after Venus' husband died,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ื ื•ืก ื ืคื˜ืจ,
06:17
when Brutus just came and threw Venus and the kids out of the house,
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ื›ืฉื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•ืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื›ื ืก ื•ื–ืจืง ืืช ื•ื ื•ืก ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช,
06:21
stole all their land, and robbed their market stall.
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ื’ื ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืฉื“ื“ ืืช ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื.
06:26
You see, Venus was thrown into destitution by violence.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืก ื ื–ืจืงื” ืœืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
06:32
And then it occurred to me, of course,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
06:34
that none of my child sponsorships, none of the microloans,
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื™ ืชื•ืžืš, ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื™ืงืจื• ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช,
06:38
none of the traditional anti-poverty programs
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ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื ื™
06:42
were going to stop Brutus,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื•ืก.
06:46
because they weren't meant to.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
06:49
This became even more clear to me when I met Griselda.
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื™ ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื’ืจื™ื–ืœื“ื”.
06:54
She's a marvelous young girl living in a very poor community
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื ืคืœืื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื”
06:59
in Guatemala.
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ื‘ื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”.
07:00
And one of the things we've learned over the years
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
07:03
is that perhaps the most powerful thing
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ื–ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง
07:05
that Griselda and her family can do
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ืฉื’ืจื™ื–ืœื“ื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:08
to get Griselda and her family out of poverty
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื’ืจื™ื–ืœื“ื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
07:11
is to make sure that she goes to school.
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ื–ื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
07:14
The experts call this the Girl Effect.
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ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื™ืœื“ื”.
07:19
But when we met Griselda, she wasn't going to school.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืคื’ืฉื ื• ืืช ื’ืจื™ื–ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
07:23
In fact, she was rarely ever leaving her home.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช.
07:28
Days before we met her,
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ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื”,
07:30
while she was walking home from church with her family,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”,
07:32
in broad daylight,
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ื‘ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื,
07:35
men from her community just snatched her off the street,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื˜ืคื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘,
07:38
and violently raped her.
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ื•ืื ืกื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
07:41
See, Griselda had every opportunity to go to school,
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ืชื‘ื™ื ื•, ืœื’ืจื™ื–ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ,
07:46
it just wasn't safe for her to get there.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื.
07:49
And Griselda's not the only one.
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ื•ื’ืจื™ื–ืœื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
07:52
Around the world, poor women and girls
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื•ืช
07:55
between the ages of 15 and 44,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื 15 ืขื“ 44,
08:00
they are -- when victims of the everyday violence
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ื”ืŸ --ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช
08:04
of domestic abuse and sexual violence --
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ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช --
08:07
those two forms of violence account for more death and disability
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ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื›ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ืช
08:12
than malaria, than car accidents, than war combined.
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ืžืžืœืจื™ื”, ืžืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘, ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.
08:23
The truth is, the poor of our world are trapped in whole systems of violence.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
08:28
In South Asia, for instance, I could drive past this rice mill
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื™ื“ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื–
08:32
and see this man hoisting these 100-pound sacks
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื“ื ืžืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื ืฉืœ 50 ืงื™ืœื•
08:35
of rice upon his thin back.
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ืื•ืจื– ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•.
08:37
But I would have no idea, until later,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขื“ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:38
that he was actually a slave,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“,
08:41
held by violence in that rice mill since I was in high school.
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ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ืจื– ื”ื–ื• ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:46
Decades of anti-poverty programs right in his community
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ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืขื•ื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•
08:50
were never able to rescue him or any of the hundred other slaves
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืžืื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
08:54
from the beatings and the rapes and the torture
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ืžื”ื”ื›ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ื ืก ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื
08:57
of violence inside the rice mill.
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ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืื•ืจื–.
09:01
In fact, half a century of anti-poverty programs
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืขื•ื ื™
09:06
have left more poor people in slavery
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ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช
09:09
than in any other time in human history.
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ืžื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
09:13
Experts tell us that there's about 35 million people in slavery today.
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ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 35 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:19
That's about the population of the entire nation of Canada,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืงื ื“ื”,
09:22
where we're sitting today.
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ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:26
This is why, over time, I have come to call this epidemic of violence
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืžื’ืคืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
09:29
the Locust Effect.
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ืืคืงื˜ ื”ืืจื‘ื”.
09:31
Because in the lives of the poor, it just descends like a plague
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ื—ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื’ืคื”
09:34
and it destroys everything.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœ.
09:37
In fact, now when you survey very, very poor communities,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืืชื ืกื•ืงืจื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื•ืช,
09:41
residents will tell you that their greatest fear is violence.
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ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
09:46
But notice the violence that they fear
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ื”ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื
09:48
is not the violence of genocide or the wars,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆื— ืขื ืื• ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
09:51
it's everyday violence.
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ื–ื” ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช.
09:54
So for me, as a lawyer, of course, my first reaction was to think,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื›ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
09:57
well, of course we've got to change all the laws.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื.
09:59
We've got to make all this violence against the poor illegal.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื ื’ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช,
10:03
But then I found out, it already is.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืš.
10:06
The problem is not that the poor don't get laws,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
10:09
it's that they don't get law enforcement.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื ืื›ืคื™ื.
10:14
In the developing world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
10:16
basic law enforcement systems are so broken
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืจื•ืช
10:19
that recently the U.N. issued a report that found
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ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืื•"ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื•"ื— ืฉื’ื™ืœื”
10:22
that "most poor people live outside the protection of the law."
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ืฉ"ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง."
10:28
Now honestly, you and I have just about no idea
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ืœื›ื ื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืฉื’
10:30
of what that would mean
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”
10:32
because we have no first-hand experience of it.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื–ื”.
10:35
Functioning law enforcement for us is just a total assumption.
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ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืคืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.
10:38
In fact, nothing expresses that assumption more clearly than three simple numbers:
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื:
10:43
9-1-1,
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9-1-1.
10:45
which, of course, is the number for the emergency police operator
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ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช
10:48
here in Canada and in the United States,
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ืคื” ื‘ืงื ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
10:52
where the average response time to a police 911 emergency call
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ื—ืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื”
10:56
is about 10 minutes.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ื“ืงื•ืช.
10:57
So we take this just completely for granted.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
11:00
But what if there was no law enforcement to protect you?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื?
11:06
A woman in Oregon recently experienced what this would be like.
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ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”.
11:11
She was home alone in her dark house on a Saturday night,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ืš ืฉืœื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช,
11:15
when a man started to tear his way into her home.
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ื›ืฉื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื”.
11:18
This was her worst nightmare,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”,
11:20
because this man had actually put her in the hospital from an assault
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคื”
11:25
just two weeks before.
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ืจืง ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
11:27
So terrified, she picks up that phone and does what any of us would do:
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ืื– ืžื‘ื•ืขืชืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื:
11:30
She calls 911 --
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” --
11:33
but only to learn that because of budget cuts in her county,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉืœื”,
11:38
law enforcement wasn't available on the weekends.
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ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืœื ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
11:41
Listen.
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ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื•.
11:42
Dispatcher: I don't have anybody to send out there.
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ืžืจื›ื–ื ื™ืช: ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืฉื.
11:45
Woman: OK
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ืื™ื–ื”: ืื•ืงื™ื™.
11:46
Dispatcher: Um, obviously if he comes inside the residence and assaults you,
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ืžืจื›ื–ื ื™ืช: ืื”, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืงืฃ ืื•ืชืš,
11:50
can you ask him to go away?
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ?
11:51
Or do you know if he is intoxicated or anything?
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ืื• ื”ืื ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•?
11:54
Woman: I've already asked him. I've already told him I was calling you.
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ืื™ืฉื”: ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืžื ื•, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉืจืช ืืœื™ื›ื.
11:57
He's broken in before, busted down my door, assaulted me.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืจืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืฉืœื™, ืชืงืฃ ืื•ืชื™.
12:00
Dispatcher: Uh-huh.
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ืžืจื›ื–ื ื™ืช: ืื”-ื”ื.
12:01
Woman: Um, yeah, so ...
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ืื™ืฉื”: ื›ืŸ, ืื–...
12:02
Dispatcher: Is there any way you could safely leave the residence?
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ืžืจื›ื–ื ื™ืช: ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
12:05
Woman: No, I can't, because he's blocking pretty much my only way out.
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ืื™ืฉื”: ืœื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
12:08
Dispatcher: Well, the only thing I can do is give you some advice,
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ืžืจื›ื–ื ื™ืช: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืœืš ืขืฆื•ืช,
12:11
and call the sheriff's office tomorrow.
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ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ืฃ ืžื—ืจ.
12:14
Obviously, if he comes in and unfortunately has a weapon
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื ืก ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ืฉืง
12:19
or is trying to cause you physical harm, that's a different story.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”.
12:22
You know, the sheriff's office doesn't work up there.
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ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืฃ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื.
12:25
I don't have anybody to send."
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ืžื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื—."
12:29
Gary Haugen: Tragically, the woman inside that house
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ื’ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื’ืŸ: ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืื’ื™, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช
12:32
was violently assaulted, choked and raped
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ื”ื•ืชืงืคื” ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื ื—ื ืงื” ื•ื ืื ืกื”
12:38
because this is what it means to live outside the rule of law.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
12:45
And this is where billions of our poorest live.
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ื•ืฉื ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:52
What does that look like?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”?
12:54
In Bolivia, for example, if a man sexually assaults a poor child,
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืื“ื ืžืชืงื™ืฃ ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ ืžืกื›ืŸ,
12:58
statistically, he's at greater risk of slipping in the shower and dying
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ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืช
13:03
than he is of ever going to jail for that crime.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉืข ื”ื–ื”.
13:08
In South Asia, if you enslave a poor person,
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”, ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื“ื ืขื ื™,
13:12
you're at greater risk of being struck by lightning
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ืืชื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคื’ืข ืžื‘ืจืง
13:15
than ever being sent to jail for that crime.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื— ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉืข.
13:18
And so the epidemic of everyday violence, it just rages on.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืžื’ืคื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฉืชื•ืœืœืช.
13:23
And it devastates our efforts to try to help billions of people
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
13:27
out of their two-dollar-a-day hell.
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ืœืฆืืช ืžื’ื”ื ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื.
13:31
Because the data just doesn't lie.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžืฉืงืจ.
13:33
It turns out that you can give all manner of goods and services
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื
13:36
to the poor,
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ืœืขื ื™ื™ื,
13:38
but if you don't restrain the hands of the violent bullies
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžืจืกื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ืžื™ื
13:41
from taking it all away,
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ืžืœืงื—ืช ื”ื›ืœ,
13:42
you're going to be very disappointed in the long-term impact of your efforts.
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
13:47
So you would think that the disintegration of basic law enforcement
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
13:51
in the developing world would be a huge priority
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
13:54
for the global fight against poverty.
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ืœืžืื‘ืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
13:57
But it's not.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื.
14:01
Auditors of international assistance recently couldn't find
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ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
14:04
even one percent of aid going to protect the poor
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื
14:08
from the lawless chaos of everyday violence.
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ืžื”ื›ืื•ืก ื—ืกืจ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช.
14:12
And honestly, when we do talk about violence against the poor,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื,
14:16
sometimes it's in the weirdest of ways.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:19
A fresh water organization tells a heart-wrenching story
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื™ื‘
14:22
of girls who are raped on the way to fetching water,
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ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื,
14:26
and then celebrates the solution of a new well
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ื•ืื– ื—ื•ื’ื’ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืืจ ื—ื“ืฉื”
14:30
that drastically shortens their walk.
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ืฉืžืงืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
14:33
End of story.
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ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
14:36
But not a word about the rapists who are still right there in the community.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืื ืกื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
14:43
If a young woman on one of our college campuses
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ืื ืื™ืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืงืžืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
14:46
was raped on her walk to the library,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืื ืกืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืกืคืจื™ื”,
14:49
we would never celebrate the solution of moving the library closer to the dorm.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื–ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขื•ื ื•ืช.
14:55
And yet, for some reason, this is okay for poor people.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื.
15:00
Now the truth is, the traditional experts
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื
15:03
in economic development and poverty alleviation,
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ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ื—ื“ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
15:05
they don't know how to fix this problem.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
15:08
And so what happens?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
15:09
They don't talk about it.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
15:13
But the more fundamental reason
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
15:17
that law enforcement for the poor in the developing world
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ืฉืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
15:20
is so neglected,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื–ื ื—ืช,
15:22
is because the people inside the developing world, with money,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—, ืขื ื›ืกืฃ,
15:25
don't need it.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
15:29
I was at the World Economic Forum not long ago
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ
15:31
talking to corporate executives who have massive businesses in the developing world
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืกืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
15:35
and I was just asking them,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื,
15:37
"How do you guys protect all your people and property from all the violence?"
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"ืื™ืš ืื ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช?"
15:43
And they looked at each other, and they said, practically in unison,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™, ื•ืืžืจื•, ื“ื™ ื‘ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช,
15:48
"We buy it."
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.,
15:51
Indeed, private security forces in the developing world
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
15:55
are now, four, five and seven times larger than the public police force.
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ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืคื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืข ืžื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
16:02
In Africa, the largest employer on the continent now is private security.
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช.
16:10
But see, the rich can pay for safety and can keep getting richer,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขืฉืจ,
16:14
but the poor can't pay for it and they're left totally unprotected
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื
16:18
and they keep getting thrown to the ground.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ืจืง ืœืงืจืงืข.
16:22
This is a massive and scandalous outrage.
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ื–ื• ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช.
16:26
And it doesn't have to be this way.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื•.
16:29
Broken law enforcement can be fixed.
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ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื ืช.
16:32
Violence can be stopped.
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ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืฆืจ.
16:34
Almost all criminal justice systems,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ืช,
16:36
they start out broken and corrupt,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื•ืช,
16:39
but they can be transformed by fierce effort and commitment.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื”ืคืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืืžืฅ ืงืฉื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
16:43
The path forward is really pretty clear.
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ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
16:45
Number one: We have to start making
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ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš
16:49
stopping violence indispensable to the fight against poverty.
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ืืช ืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
16:53
In fact, any conversation about global poverty
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื— ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™
16:55
that doesn't include the problem of violence must be deemed not serious.
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ืฉืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
17:01
And secondly, we have to begin to seriously invest resources
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
17:05
and share expertise to support the developing world
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ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—
17:09
as they fashion new, public systems of justice,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
17:13
not private security,
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ืœื ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช,
17:14
that give everybody a chance to be safe.
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ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
17:18
These transformations are actually possible
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ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
17:21
and they're happening today.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
17:23
Recently, the Gates Foundation funded a project
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืงืจืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืžื™ืžื ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
17:26
in the second largest city of the Philippines,
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื,
17:29
where local advocates and local law enforcement
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ืฉื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
17:32
were able to transform corrupt police and broken courts so drastically,
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ืชืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ืช,
17:39
that in just four short years,
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ืฉืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
17:41
they were able to measurably reduce
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
17:44
the commercial sexual violence against poor kids by 79 percent.
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ืืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ 79 ืื—ื•ื–.
17:51
You know, from the hindsight of history,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
17:55
what's always most inexplicable and inexcusable
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ืžื” ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืœื•ื—
18:00
are the simple failures of compassion.
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ื”ื ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืžืœื”.
18:05
Because I think history convenes a tribunal of our grandchildren
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
18:10
and they just ask us,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜,
18:11
"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you?
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"ืกื‘ืชื, ืกื‘ื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื?
18:16
Where were you, Grandpa, when the Jews were fleeing Nazi Germany
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื, ืกื‘ื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ื‘ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช
18:19
and were being rejected from our shores?
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ื•ื“ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื•ืคื™ื ื•?
18:21
Where were you?
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื?
18:23
And Grandma, where were you when they were marching
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ื•ืกื‘ืชื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืขื™ื“ื•
18:26
our Japanese-American neighbors off to internment camps?
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ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื ื™ื-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ืื”?
18:30
And Grandpa, where were you when they were beating
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ื•ืกื‘ื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื•
18:32
our African-American neighbors
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ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ืืคืจื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
18:34
just because they were trying to register to vote?"
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืจืฉื ืœื”ืฆื‘ืขื”?"
18:38
Likewise, when our grandchildren ask us,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืฉื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื•,
18:42
"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you
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"ืกื‘ืชื, ืกื‘ื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื
18:45
when two billion of the world's poorest were drowning in a lawless chaos
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ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื›ืื•ืก ื—ืกืจ ื—ื•ืง
18:49
of everyday violence?"
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ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช?"
18:53
I hope we can say that we had compassion, that we raised our voice,
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื—ืžืœื”, ืฉื”ืจืžื ื• ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื•,
18:59
and as a generation, we were moved to make the violence stop.
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ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืขื ื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง.
19:07
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
19:10
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:25
Chris Anderson: Really powerfully argued.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ืง.
19:28
Talk to us a bit about some of the things
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
19:31
that have actually been happening to, for example, boost police training.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืจื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
19:37
How hard a process is that?
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ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš?
19:39
GH: Well, one of the glorious things that's starting to happen now
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ื’.ื”: ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
19:43
is that the collapse of these systems and the consequences are becoming obvious.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช.
19:47
There's actually, now, political will to do that.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
19:50
But it just requires now an investment of resources and transfer of expertise.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช.
19:55
There's a political will struggle that's going to take place as well,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืื‘ืง ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื’ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
19:58
but those are winnable fights,
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ืืš ืืœื” ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ื”ื,
20:00
because we've done some examples around the world
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื
20:02
at International Justice Mission that are very encouraging.
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืก ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
20:05
CA: So just tell us in one country, how much it costs
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ื›.ื: ืื– ืจืง ืชืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”
20:09
to make a material difference to police, for example --
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” --
20:12
I know that's only one piece of it.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”.
20:14
GH: In Guatemala, for instance, we've started a project there
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ื’.ื”: ื‘ื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื
20:17
with the local police and court system, prosecutors,
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ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื,
20:21
to retrain them so that they can actually effectively bring these cases.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืŸ ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
20:24
And we've seen prosecutions against perpetrators of sexual violence
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ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช
20:29
increase by more than 1,000 percent.
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ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 1,000 ืื—ื•ื–.
20:31
This project has been very modestly funded at about a million dollars a year,
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
20:36
and the kind of bang you can get for your buck
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
20:38
in terms of leveraging a criminal justice system
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช
20:42
that could function if it were properly trained and motivated and led,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืคืงื“ ืื ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœ,
20:47
and these countries, especially a middle class
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ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
20:50
that is seeing that there's really no future
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ืฉื™ืจืื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ืขืชื™ื“
20:53
with this total instability and total privatization of security
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ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ืช
20:57
I think there's an opportunity, a window for change.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
21:00
CA: But to make this happen, you have to look at each part in the chain --
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ื›.ื: ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช, ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช --
21:05
the police, who else?
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ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื•ืžื™ ืขื•ื“?
21:07
GH: So that's the thing about law enforcement,
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ื’.ื”: ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง,
21:09
it starts out with the police,
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”,
21:11
they're the front end of the pipeline of justice,
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆื“ืง,
21:14
but they hand if off to the prosecutors,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื,
21:16
and the prosecutors hand it off to the courts,
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ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
21:18
and the survivors of violence have to be supported by social services
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
21:21
all the way through that.
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ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
21:22
So you have to do an approach that pulls that all together.
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ืื– ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“.
21:25
In the past, there's been a little bit of training of the courts,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื˜ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
21:28
but they get crappy evidence from the police,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”,
21:30
or a little police intervention that has to do with narcotics or terrorism
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ืื• ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืกืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื•ืจ
21:34
but nothing to do with treating the common poor person
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืขื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™
21:37
with excellent law enforcement,
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ืขื ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืžืขื•ืœื”,
21:38
so it's about pulling that all together,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
21:40
and you can actually have people in very poor communities
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื•ืช
21:44
experience law enforcement like us,
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ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื•,
21:46
which is imperfect in our own experience, for sure,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ื•, ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืจ,
21:49
but boy, is it a great thing to sense that you can call 911
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืœื™, ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื”
21:52
and maybe someone will protect you.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื.
21:55
CA: Gary, I think you've done a spectacular job
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ื›.ื: ื’ืืจื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ
21:57
of bringing this to the world's attention
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
21:59
in your book and right here today.
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ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืœืš ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
22:01
Thanks so much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš.
22:02
Gary Haugen.
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ื’ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื’ืŸ.
22:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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