Peter Saul: Let's talk about dying

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Zuzana Dziaková Reviewer: Roman Studenic

Look, I had second thoughts, really,

Viete, uvažoval som nad tým, naozaj,

about whether I could talk about this

či sa mám o tomto rozprávať práve

to such a vital and alive audience as you guys.

s takými vitálnymi a živými divákmi ako ste vy.

Then I remembered the quote from Gloria Steinem,

Vtedy som si spomenul na citát Glorie Steinem,

which goes,

ktorý znie:

"The truth will set you free,

"Pravda ťa oslobodí,

but first it will piss you off." (Laughter)

ale najprv ťa naserie." (smiech)

So -- (Laughter)

(smiech)

So with that in mind, I'm going to set about

S týmto na vedomí, pokúsim sa urobiť

trying to do those things here,

to isté aj tu

and talk about dying in the 21st century.

a porozprávam Vám o zomieraní v 21. storočí.

Now the first thing that will piss you off, undoubtedly,

Bezpochyby, prvá vec, ktorá Vás nahnevá je,

is that all of us are, in fact, going to die

každý jeden z nás raz zomrie. V skutočnosti,

in the 21st century.

zomrieme v 21. storočí.

There will be no exceptions to that.

Každý jeden, bez výnimky.

There are, apparently, about one in eight of you

Hoci, podľa ankety, 1 z 8 prítomných

who think you're immortal, on surveys, but --

si myslí, že je nesmrteľný, ale

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Unfortunately, that isn't going to happen.

bohužiaľ, to sa nestane.

While I give this talk, in the next 10 minutes,

Počas môjho vystúpenia, počas najbližších 10 minút,

a hundred million of my cells will die,

zomrie až 100 miliónov buniek v mojom tele.

and over the course of today, 2,000 of my brain cells

Počas celého dnešného dňa zomrie 2 000 mojich mozgových buniek

will die and never come back,

a už nikdy sa nevrátia.

so you could argue that the dying process

Mohli by ste teda tvrdiť, že proces zomierania

starts pretty early in the piece.

začína už na bunkovej úrovni.

Anyway, the second thing I want to say about dying in the

Ďalšou vecou, ktorú som chcel povedať o umieraní v

21st century, apart from it's going to happen to everybody,

21. storočí je, okrem toho, že sa jej nik z nás nevyhne,

is it's shaping up to be a bit of a train wreck

bude to trochu pripomínať haváriu vlaku

for most of us,

pre väčšinu z nás,

unless we do something to try and reclaim this process

ak sa o niečo nepokúsime a presmerujeme

from the rather inexorable trajectory that it's currently on.

ho z jeho terajšej neúprosnej dráhy.

So there you go. That's the truth.

Takto to je, toto je pravda.

No doubt that will piss you off, and now let's see

Niet pochýb, že vás to nepoteší. Teraz sa zamerajme na to,

whether we can set you free. I don't promise anything.

či sa z toho dá nejako oslobodiť. Nič však nesľubujem.

Now, as you heard in the intro, I work in intensive care,

Ako ste počuli v úvode, pracujem na intenzívnej starostlivosti

and I think I've kind of lived through the heyday

a myslím, že som tam zažil skoro všetko.

of intensive care. It's been a ride, man.

Bola to riadna jazda, verte mi.

This has been fantastic.

Bolo to úžasné.

We have machines that go ping.

Máme prístroje, ktoré cinkajú.

There's many of them up there.

Tu ich zopár vidíte.

And we have some wizard technology which I think

Taktiež máme fascinujúcu techniku, ktoré funguje

has worked really well, and over the course of the time

veľmi dobre. Postupom času, ako pracujem

I've worked in intensive care, the death rate

na intenzívnej starostlivosti, úmrtnosť mužov

for males in Australia has halved,

sa v Austrálii znížila na polovicu.

and intensive care has had something to do with that.

Zapríčinila sa o to aj jednotka intenzívnej starostlivosti.

Certainly, a lot of the technologies that we use

Nepochybne, technológie, ktoré využívame

have got something to do with that.

tomu veľmi dopomohli.

So we have had tremendous success, and we kind of

Zožali sme veľký úspech a trochu sme sa tým

got caught up in our own success quite a bit,

nechali uniesť a začali

and we started using expressions like "lifesaving."

používať výrazy ako "zachrána života".

I really apologize to everybody for doing that,

Za toto sa chcem každému ospravedlniť,

because obviously, we don't.

pretože je zrejmé, že to tak nie je.

What we do is prolong people's lives,

V skutočnosti predlžujeme ľudské životy,

and delay death,

oddiaľujeme smrť,

and redirect death, but we can't, strictly speaking,

presmerujeme ju. Avšak, presnejšie povedané,

save lives on any sort of permanent basis.

nezachraňujeme životy natrvalo.

And what's really happened over the period of time

Čo sa naozaj udialo počas

that I've been working in intensive care is that

môjho pôsobenia na intenzívnej starostlivosti je,

the people whose lives we started saving back in the '70s,

že ľudí, ktorých sme zachránili ešte v 70.,

'80s, and '90s, are now coming to die in the 21st century

80. a 90. rokoch, zomrú v 21. storočí na

of diseases that we no longer have the answers to

choroby, na ktoré už dávno nemáme odpovede tak,

in quite the way we did then.

ako sme ich vtedy mali.

So what's happening now is there's been a big shift

To, čo sa deje teraz je, že nastala veľká zmena

in the way that people die,

v tom, ako ľudia zomierajú

and most of what they're dying of now isn't as amenable

a s tým, na čo dnes umierajú, sa ťažko bojuje

to what we can do as what it used to be like

a lieči v porovnaní s tým,

when I was doing this in the '80s and '90s.

ako sme to riešili v 80. a 90. rokoch.

So we kind of got a bit caught up with this,

Trochu sme sa v tom zamotali

and we haven't really squared with you guys about

ešte sme to s vami neurovnali ohľadom toho,

what's really happening now, and it's about time we did.

čo sa teraz deje a je najvyšší čas, aby sme to napravili.

I kind of woke up to this bit in the late '90s

Ja som si uvedomil na konci 90. rokov,

when I met this guy.

keď som stretol tohto chlapíka.

This guy is called Jim, Jim Smith, and he looked like this.

Volal sa Jim, Jim Smith a vyzeral takto.

I was called down to the ward to see him.

Zavolali ma na oddelenie, aby som sa naňho pozrel.

His is the little hand.

Tá malá ruka je jeho.

I was called down to the ward to see him

Na oddelenie, aby som sa naňho pozrel, ma zavolal

by a respiratory physician.

pľúcny lekár.

He said, "Look, there's a guy down here.

Povedal: "Pozri, dole je jeden pán,

He's got pneumonia,

ktorý má zápal pľúc

and he looks like he needs intensive care.

a asi by potreboval intenzívnu starostlivosť."

His daughter's here and she wants everything possible

Je tu s ním jeho dcéra a chce, aby sa

to be done."

preňho spravilo všetko, čo sa len dá.

Which is a familiar phrase to us.

Pre nás to je už dobre známa fráza.

So I go down to the ward and see Jim,

Zišiel som na oddelenie, aby som sa s ním stretol.

and his skin his translucent like this.

Jeho koža bola asi takto priesvitná.

You can see his bones through the skin.

Mohli ste vidieť jeho kosti.

He's very, very thin,

Bol priveľmi chudý

and he is, indeed, very sick with pneumonia,

a v skutku, veľmi chorý na zápal pľúc.

and he's too sick to talk to me,

Až taký chorý, že nevládal rozprávať.

so I talk to his daughter Kathleen, and I say to her,

Rozprával som sa s jeho dcérou Kathleen a povedal som jej:

"Did you and Jim ever talk about

"Rozprávali ste sa s Jimom niekedy o tom,

what you would want done

čo by ste spravili,

if he ended up in this kind of situation?"

keby sa dostal do takejto situácie?"

And she looked at me and said, "No, of course not!"

Pozrela sa na mňa a odpovedala: "Samozrejme, že nie!"

I thought, "Okay. Take this steady."

Pomyslel som si, musím byť pokojný.

And I got talking to her, and after a while, she said to me,

Porozprával som sa s ňou a po chvíli mi povedala:

"You know, we always thought there'd be time."

"Viete, vždy sme si mysleli, že máme čas."

Jim was 94. (Laughter)

Jim mal 94 rokov. (smiech)

And I realized that something wasn't happening here.

Vtedy som si uvedomil, že tu niečo chýba.

There wasn't this dialogue going on

Nebol tu ten dialóg,

that I imagined was happening.

ktorý som si myslel, že bude.

So a group of us started doing survey work,

Preto skupinka z nás začala pracovať na prieskume.

and we looked at four and a half thousand nursing home

Skúmali sme 4500 opatrovateľských ústavov

residents in Newcastle, in the Newcastle area,

v meste Newcastle, v jeho okolí

and discovered that only one in a hundred of them

a zistili sme, že iba v 1 zo 100 majú plán

had a plan about what to do when their hearts stopped beating.

na riešenie situácie, keď ľudia zomrú.

One in a hundred.

1 zo 100.

And only one in 500 of them had plan about what to do

A len v 1 z 500 mali plán čo robiť,

if they became seriously ill.

keď pacienti vážne ochorejú.

And I realized, of course, this dialogue

Uvedomil som si, že tento dialóg sa

is definitely not occurring in the public at large.

celkom určite nerozoberá na verejnosti vo veľkosť.

Now, I work in acute care.

Teraz pracujem na akútnej starostlivosti.

This is John Hunter Hospital.

Toto je nemocnica Johna Huntera.

And I thought, surely, we do better than that.

Pomyslel som si, s istotou, vieme to robiť aj lepšie.

So a colleague of mine from nursing called Lisa Shaw and I

Preto moja kolegyňa zo starostlivosti, Lisa Shaw a ja

went through hundreds and hundreds of sets of notes

sme prešli stovky a stovky poznámok

in the medical records department

v oddelení lekárskych záznamov.

looking at whether there was any sign at all

Zameral som sa na akýkoľvek náznak

that anybody had had any conversation about

konverzácie medzi ľuďmi o tom, čo by

what might happen to them if the treatment they were

sa im mohlo stať, keby liečba, ktorú podstupujú

receiving was unsuccessful to the point that they would die.

nebola účinná a mohli by zomrieť.

And we didn't find a single record of any preference

Nenašli sme ani jednu zmienku o tom,

about goals, treatments or outcomes from any

o cieľoch, liečbe alebo závery z iných záznamov, ktoré

of the sets of notes initiated by a doctor or by a patient.

boli iniciované doktorom alebo pacientom.

So we started to realize

Začali sme si uvedomovať,

that we had a problem,

že tu máme problém.

and the problem is more serious because of this.

Problém ktorého závažnosť rastie.

What we know is that obviously we are all going to die,

Všetci sme si vedomí toho, že raz zomrieme,

but how we die is actually really important,

ale ako zomrieme, je naozaj veľmi dôležité.

obviously not just to us, but also to how that

Nielen kvôli nám, ale aj kvôli tomu,

features in the lives of all the people who live on afterwards.

ako to ovplyvní ľudí z nášho okolia.

How we die lives on in the minds of everybody

To, ako zomrieme, zostáva v mysli každého,

who survives us, and

koho sme opustili a

the stress created in families by dying is enormous,

stres, ktorý tým v rodine vzniká, je enormný.

and in fact you get seven times as much stress by dying

V skutočnosti, smrť na intenzívnej starostlivosti spôsobuje

in intensive care as by dying just about anywhere else,

7-krát väčší stres, ako keď smrť nastane hocikde inde.

so dying in intensive care is not your top option

Preto zomrieť na jednotke intenzívnej starostlivosti nie je najlepším výberom,

if you've got a choice.

ak si môžete vybrať.

And, if that wasn't bad enough, of course,

Ako keby to už samo o sebe nebolo zlé,

all of this is rapidly progressing towards the fact that

všetko to rýchlo smeruje k tomu, že

many of you, in fact, about one in 10 of you at this point,

veľa z vás, vlastne asi 1 z 10 v vás,

will die in intensive care.

zomrie na jednotke intenzívnej starostlivosti.

In the U.S., it's one in five.

V USA je to 1 z 5.

In Miami, it's three out of five people die in intensive care.

V Miami sú to 3 z 5.

So this is the sort of momentum

Toto je asi približne rýchlosť,

that we've got at the moment.

ktorú tu v tomto smere teraz máme.

The reason why this is all happening is due to this,

Dôvod, prečo sa to deje je práve tento

and I do have to take you through what this is about.

a teraz s vám poviem, o čom to vlastne je.

These are the four ways to go.

Existujú 4 spôsoby.

So one of these will happen to all of us.

Jeden sa stane každému z nás.

The ones you may know most about are the ones

Tie, ktoré asi poznáte, sú tie,

that are becoming increasingly of historical interest:

ktoré sú zaujímavé z historiského hľadiska:

sudden death.

náhla smrť.

It's quite likely in an audience this size

Je celkom pravdepodobné, že pri publiku takejto veľkosti

this won't happen to anybody here.

sa nikomu nič takéto nestane.

Sudden death has become very rare.

Náhla smrť sa stala veľkou raritou.

The death of Little Nell and Cordelia and all that sort of stuff

Smrť malého Nella (Dickens - Starožitnícky obchod) a Cordelie (Shakespeare - Kráľ Lear) a

just doesn't happen anymore.

podobné príbehy sa už nestávajú.

The dying process of those with terminal illness

Umieranie na smrteľné choroby,

that we've just seen

aké sme práve videli,

occurs to younger people.

sa objavujú u mladých ľudí.

By the time you've reached 80, this is unlikely to happen to you.

Je veľmi nepravdepodobné, že keď budete mať 80 rokov, takto ochoriete.

Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of cancer.

Len 1 z 10 ľudí, ktorí má viac ako 80, zomrie na rakovinu.

The big growth industry are these.

Rozmach majú hlavne choroby ako

What you die of is increasing organ failure,

je zlyhanie orgánu,

with your respiratory, cardiac, renal,

dýchacieho, srdcového či obličkového,

whatever organs packing up. Each of these

čokoľvek, čo robia. Každé z nich

would be an admission to an acute care hospital,

vám zabezpečí prijatie na akútnej starostlivosti,

at the end of which, or at some point during which,

na konci ktorej alebo počas ktorej

somebody says, enough is enough, and we stop.

niekto povie, že už stačilo a my prestaneme.

And this one's the biggest growth industry of all,

A toto je jeden z najväčších nárastov zo všetkých

and at least six out of 10 of the people in this room

a minimálne 6 z 10 vás prítomných

will die in this form, which is

zomrie touto formou, čo je

the dwindling of capacity

znižovanie kapacity

with increasing frailty,

s oslabovaním zdravia.

and frailty's an inevitable part of aging,

Oslabenie zdravia je neodľučiteľnou súčasťou starnutia

and increasing frailty is in fact the main thing

a jeho zvyšovanie je v skutočnosti hlavnou príčinou,

that people die of now,

prečo dnes ľudia zomierajú

and the last few years, or the last year of your life

a posledné roky alebo posledné roky vášho života

is spent with a great deal of disability, unfortunately.

strávite, bohužiaľ, s ťažkou invaliditou.

Enjoying it so far? (Laughs)

Stále si to ešte užívate? (smeje sa)

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Sorry, I just feel such a, I feel such a Cassandra here.

Prepáčte, ale pripadám si tu ako Kassandra (*grécka mytológia - veštica, ktorej nik neveril)

(Laughter)

(smiech)

What can I say that's positive? What's positive is

Čo je na tom pozitívne? Pozitívne je to,

that this is happening at very great age, now.

že sa to deje až vo veľmi vysokom veku.

We are all, most of us, living to reach this point.

Všetci, prípadne väčšina, sa toho dožijeme.

You know, historically, we didn't do that.

Viete, v histórii to tak nebolo.

This is what happens to you

Toto sa vám stane,

when you live to be a great age,

ak sa dožijete vysokého veku

and unfortunately, increasing longevity does mean

a bohužiaľ, zvyšovanie dlhovekosti znamená

more old age, not more youth.

viac staroby, nie viac mladosti.

I'm sorry to say that. (Laughter)

Nehnevajte sa, že som to povedal. (smiech)

What we did, anyway, look, what we did,

To, čo sme spravili, v každom prípade,

we didn't just take this lying down

sme neurobili ležiac

at John Hunter Hospital and elsewhere.

v nemocnici Johna Huntera alebo inde.

We've started a whole series of projects

Začali sme s celou sériou projektov,

to try and look about whether we could, in fact, involve

skúsili a zisťovali sme, či by sme mohli zapojiť

people much more in the way that things happen to them.

ľudí viac do toho, čo sa im môže stať.

But we realized, of course, that we are dealing

Samozrejme, uvedomili sme si, že sa zaoberáme

with cultural issues,

s kultúrnymi otázkami.

and this is, I love this Klimt painting,

A toto je, zbožňujem maľby od Klimta,

because the more you look at it, the more you kind of get

pretože čím viac sa na ne pozeráte, tým viac sa

the whole issue that's going on here,

dostanete podstaty toho, čo sa tam deje,

which is clearly the separation of death from the living,

čo je jednoznačne oddelenie smrti od života,

and the fear — Like, if you actually look,

strachu, ako, keď sa pozorne pozriete,

there's one woman there

je tam jedna žena,

who has her eyes open.

ktorá má otvorené oči.

She's the one he's looking at,

Práve na ňu sa pozerá

and [she's] the one he's coming for. Can you see that?

a ona je tá, po ktorú si ide. Vidíte to?

She looks terrified.

Vyzerá vystrašene.

It's an amazing picture.

Je to neuveriteľný obraz.

Anyway, we had a major cultural issue.

Takže, mali sme dôležitú kultúrnu otázku.

Clearly, people didn't want us to talk about death,

Išlo o to, že ľudia nechceli, aby sme rozprávali o smrti.

or, we thought that.

Aspoň sme si to mysleli.

So with loads of funding from the Federal Government

S obrovskou finančnou podporou federálnej vlády

and the local Health Service, we introduced a thing

a miestneho zdravotníctva, predstavili sme v nemocnici

at John Hunter called Respecting Patient Choices.

Johna Huntera vec s názvom "Rešpektujeme výber pacienta".

We trained hundreds of people to go to the wards

Vycvičili sme stovky ľudí, ktorí potom šli na oddelenie

and talk to people about the fact that they would die,

a rozprávali sa s ľuďmi o tom, že by mohli zomrieť

and what would they prefer under those circumstances.

a čo by si za daných okolností vybrali.

They loved it. The families and the patients, they loved it.

Zbožňovali to. Rodiny, pacienti, každému sa to páčilo.

Ninety-eight percent of people really thought

98% ľudí si myslelo,

this just should have been normal practice,

že toto by malo byť súčasťou praxe

and that this is how things should work.

a že takto by sa to malo robiť.

And when they expressed wishes,

Keď za zverili so svojimi želaniami,

all of those wishes came true, as it were.

každé jedno sa naplnilo, tak ako chceli.

We were able to make that happen for them.

Boli sme schopní to pre ich urobiť.

But then, when the funding ran out,

Avšak potom, ako sa minula finančná podpora,

we went back to look six months later,

vrátili sme sa do čias spred 6 mesiacov

and everybody had stopped again,

a všetko skončilo,

and nobody was having these conversations anymore.

nikto sa o tomto nerozprával.

So that was really kind of heartbreaking for us,

Veľmi nás to mrzelo, pretože

because we thought this was going to really take off.

sme si mysleli, že sa to udrží.

The cultural issue had reasserted itself.

Kultúrna otázka sa znovu presadila.

So here's the pitch:

Takže, tu je ponuka:

I think it's important that we don't just get on this freeway

Je potrebné vedieť, nedostaneme sa na cestu smerujúcu na jednotku intenzívnej starostlivosti

to ICU without thinking hard about whether or not

len tak bez rozmysllu či to je, alebo nie je miesto,

that's where we all want to end up,

kde všetci chceme skončiť.

particularly as we become older and increasingly frail

Najmä, keď budeme starší a náchylní na choroby

and ICU has less and less and less to offer us.

a toto miesto nám toho môže ponúknuť stále menej a menej.

There has to be a little side road

Musí tu byť aj odbočka pre tých,

off there for people who don't want to go on that track.

ktorí týmto smerom nechcú ísť.

And I have one small idea,

Mám jeden malý nápad

and one big idea about what could happen.

a jeden väčší o tom, čo by sa mohlo stať.

And this is the small idea.

Toto je ten malý nápad.

The small idea is, let's all of us

Zaoberajme sa všetci viac tým,

engage more with this in the way that Jason has illustrated.

čo nám bližšie priblížil Jason.

Why can't we have these kinds of conversations

Prečo by sme nemali o tom rozprávať

with our own elders

s našimi staršími členmi rodiny

and people who might be approaching this?

a s ľuďmi, ktorých by sa to mohlo týkať?

There are a couple of things you can do.

Existuje niekoľko vecí, ktoré môžete urobiť.

One of them is, you can,

Jednou z nich je, že sa spýtate

just ask this simple question. This question never fails.

prostú otázku. Tá nikdy nesklame.

"In the event that you became too sick to speak for yourself,

"V prípade, ak by si bol veľmi chorý a nevedel by si za seba rozprávať,

who would you like to speak for you?"

koho by si si vybral, aby rozprával v tvojom mene?"

That's a really important question to ask people,

Toto je naozaj veľmi dôležitá otázka,

because giving people the control over who that is

pretože umožniť ľuďom, aby mali nad niekým takúto moc,

produces an amazing outcome.

zapríčiňuje ohromný výsledok.

The second thing you can say is,

Druhou možnosťou, ktorú sa môžete spýtať, je:

"Have you spoken to that person

"Rozprávali ste sa s tou konkrétnou osobou

about the things that are important to you

o veciach, ktoré sú pre vás dôležité a vďaka ktorým by sme

so that we've got a better idea of what it is we can do?"

mohli získať lepší obraz o tom, čo by sme mohli urobiť?"

So that's the little idea.

To bol ten menší nápad.

The big idea, I think, is more political.

Ten väčší je viac politickejší.

I think we have to get onto this.

Myslím, že sa k tomuto musíme dostať.

I suggested we should have Occupy Death.

Navrhujem, aby sme spravili "Occupy smrti".

(Laughter)

(smiech)

My wife said, "Yeah, right, sit-ins in the mortuary.

Moja žena mi na to povedala: "Iste, samozrejme, na protest obsaďme márnicu.

Yeah, yeah. Sure." (Laughter)

Pravdaže." (smiech)

So that one didn't really run,

Tento mi teda moc nevyšiel,

but I was very struck by this.

aj keď ma to oslovilo.

Now, I'm an aging hippie.

Teraz som už starnúci hipík.

I don't know, I don't think I look like that anymore, but

Neviem, nemyslím si, že tak ešte vyzerám, ale

I had, two of my kids were born at home in the '80s

obe moje deti sa narodili doma, v 80. rokoch,

when home birth was a big thing, and we baby boomers

keď rodiť doma bola veľká vec a my, narodení počas populačnej explózie,

are used to taking charge of the situation,

sme sa radi chopili iniciatívy.

so if you just replace all these words of birth,

Takže, ak by ste nahradili všetky slová o narodení,

I like "Peace, Love, Natural Death" as an option.

mne sa páči "mier, láska, prirodzená smrť" ako možnosť.

I do think we have to get political

Naozaj si myslím, že by sme mali byť politickejší

and start to reclaim this process from

a vytrhnúť tento proces z

the medicalized model in which it's going.

lekárskej predlohy, v ktorej momentálne je.

Now, listen, that sounds like a pitch for euthanasia.

Trochu to znie ako boj za eutanáziu.

I want to make it absolutely crystal clear to you all,

Aby som to ujasnil,

I hate euthanasia. I think it's a sideshow.

nemám rád eutanáziu. Je to len okrajová možnosť.

I don't think euthanasia matters.

Nemyslím si, že je podstatná.

I actually think that,

Skôr som toho názoru,

in places like Oregon,

že v miestach ako je Oregon,

where you can have physician-assisted suicide,

kde máte možnosť asistovanej samovraždy,

you take a poisonous dose of stuff,

užijete jedovatú látku,

only half a percent of people ever do that.

len polovica percenta ľudí k tomu pristúpi.

I'm more interested in what happens to the 99.5 percent

Skôr ma zaujíma to, čo sa stane s 99,5% ľudí,

of people who don't want to do that.

ktorí to nechcú urobiť.

I think most people don't want to be dead,

Myslím si, že väčšina ľudí nechce zomrieť.

but I do think most people want to have some control

Aj keď väčšina z nich určite chce mať nejakú kontrolu

over how their dying process proceeds.

nad tým, ako budú zomierať.

So I'm an opponent of euthanasia,

Som proti eutanázii, ale

but I do think we have to give people back some control.

ľuďom by sme mali vrátiť určitú kontrolu.

It deprives euthanasia of its oxygen supply.

Pripravuje to eutanáziu o jej zásoby kyslíka.

I think we should be looking at stopping

Mali by sme zaoberať zastavením

the want for euthanasia,

potreby eutanázie,

not for making it illegal or legal or worrying about it at all.

nie tým, že bude nelegálna či legálna alebou za ňou vôbec zaoberať.

This is a quote from Dame Cicely Saunders,

Toto je citát dámy Cicely Saunders,

whom I met when I was a medical student.

ktorú som stretol ako študent medicíny.

She founded the hospice movement.

Založila hospicové hnutie.

And she said, "You matter because you are,

Ten citát znie: "Záleží na tebe, lebo ty si ty.

and you matter to the last moment of your life."

Záleží na tebe do posledného momentu tvojho života."

And I firmly believe that

Pevne verím, že toto

that's the message that we have to carry forward.

je správa, ktorú musíme niesť ďalej.

Thank you. (Applause)

Ďakujem. (potlesk)