The mathematics of love | Hannah Fry

Translator: Pei Fang Ng Reviewer: Sam HK

Today I want to talk to you about the mathematics of love.

Hari ini, saya akan bercakap tentang cinta dari sudut matematik.

Rasanya kita semua bersetuju

Now, I think that we can all agree

that mathematicians are famously excellent at finding love.

bahawa ahli matematik pandai mencari kekasih.

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

But it's not just because of our dashing personalities,

Tapi, ia bukannya sekadar kerana kami ada personaliti yang menarik,

superior conversational skills and excellent pencil cases.

kemahiran berkomunikasi yang baik,

dan kotak pensel yang hebat,

(Gelak ketawa)

Ia juga kerana kami telah meninjau dari sudut matematik

It's also because we've actually done an awful lot of work into the maths

of how to find the perfect partner.

cara untuk mencari pasangan yang sesuai.

Dalam artikel kegemaran saya,

Now, in my favorite paper on the subject, which is entitled,

iaitu artikel Matematik yang bertajuk

"Mengapa saya tidak ada teman wanita", (Gelak ketawa)

"Why I Don't Have a Girlfriend" --

(Laughter)

Peter Backus tries to rate his chances of finding love.

Peter Backus cuba menilai peluangnya untuk menemui seorang kekasih.

Peter bukannya seorang lelaki yang tamak.

Now, Peter's not a very greedy man.

Of all of the available women in the UK,

Antara semua perempuan di U.K.,

all Peter's looking for is somebody who lives near him,

Peter mencari seseorang yang tinggal berdekatan dengan rumahnya,

seseorang yang sesuai dari segi usia,

somebody in the right age range,

somebody with a university degree,

seseorang yang ada kelulusan universiti,

somebody he's likely to get on well with,

seseorang yang dapat bergaul secara baik dengannya,

somebody who's likely to be attractive,

seseorang yang menawan,

somebody who's likely to find him attractive.

seseorang yang mendapati dia menawan.

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

Anggarannya, terdapat 26 perempuan di U.K. yang sesuai dengannya.

And comes up with an estimate of 26 women in the whole of the UK.

(Laughter)

It's not looking very good, is it Peter?

Ia tak kelihatan baik, betul, Peter?

Now, just to put that into perspective,

Mari kita menilainya,

that's about 400 times fewer than the best estimates

ia 400 kali ganda lebih kurang berbanding

anggaran jumlah makhluk asing yang wujud.

of how many intelligent extraterrestrial life forms there are.

And it also gives Peter a 1 in 285,000 chance

Bagi Peter, Peluangnya ialah 1 dalam 285,000

of bumping into any one of these special ladies

untuk bertemu salah seorang wanita tersebut pada suatu malam.

on a given night out.

I'd like to think that's why mathematicians

Rasanya itulah sebabnya ahli matematik tak suka keluar pada waktu malam.

don't really bother going on nights out anymore.

Saya tak bersetuju dengan pandangan yang pesimistik ini,

The thing is that I personally don't subscribe

to such a pessimistic view.

kerana saya tahu, anda semua pun tahu,

Because I know, just as well as all of you do,

that love doesn't really work like that.

bahawa itu bukannya cinta.

Human emotion isn't neatly ordered and rational and easily predictable.

Perasaan manusia bukannya terkawal dan mudah diramal.

But I also know that that doesn't mean

Tapi, saya tahu ia tak bermakna

that mathematics hasn't got something that it can offer us,

bahawa matematik tak dapat membantu kita

because, love, as with most of life, is full of patterns

kerana cinta, seperti pelbagai hidupan, juga mempunyai polanya,

and mathematics is, ultimately, all about the study of patterns.

Pada asasnya, ilmu matematik digunakan untuk mengkaji pola,

Patterns from predicting the weather to the fluctuations in the stock market,

contohnya ramalan cuaca, turun naik harga saham,

to the movement of the planets or the growth of cities.

pergerakan planet, atau perkembangan bandar.

And if we're being honest, none of those things

Kita tahu, semua itu bukannya terkawal dan mudah diramal.

are exactly neatly ordered and easily predictable, either.

Because I believe that mathematics is so powerful that it has the potential

Saya percaya bahawa matematik sangat berguna,

dan ia berpontensi memberi kita perspektif yang baru,

to offer us a new way of looking at almost anything.

Even something as mysterious as love.

walaupun ia melibatkan sesuatu yang penuh misteri seperti cinta.

And so, to try to persuade you

Jadi, untuk menunjukkan kepada anda

of how totally amazing, excellent and relevant mathematics is,

bahawa matematik amat mengagumkan, hebat, dan berguna kepada kita,

I want to give you my top three mathematically verifiable tips for love.

saya akan tunjukkan 3 petua untuk cinta yang telah disahkan dari segi matematik.

(Laughter)

Baiklah, Petua #1:

OK, so Top Tip #1:

Cara untuk mencari kekasih dalam laman janji temu.

How to win at online dating.

So my favorite online dating website is OkCupid,

OkCupid ialah laman janji temu kegemaran saya.

not least because it was started by a group of mathematicians.

Ia dimulakan oleh sekumpulan ahli matematik.

Now, because they're mathematicians,

Ahli-ahli matematik ini telah mengumpulkan data

they have been collecting data

on everybody who uses their site for almost a decade.

pengguna laman web itu selama sepuluh tahun.

Mereka cuba mencari pola-pola pengguna memperkenalkan dirinya

And they've been trying to search for patterns

in the way that we talk about ourselves

and the way that we interact with each other

dan cara mereka berinteraksi dalam laman janji temu.

on an online dating website.

And they've come up with some seriously interesting findings.

Hasil-hasil kajian tersebut sangat menarik.

But my particular favorite

Tapi, yang menjadi kegemaran saya,

is that it turns out that on an online dating website,

didapati bahawa dalam laman janji temu,

how attractive you are does not dictate how popular you are,

daya tarikan anda tidak menggambarkan kepopularan anda.

and actually, having people think that you're ugly

Sebenarnya, jika orang lain rasa bahawa anda adalah hodoh,

can work to your advantage.

mungkin ia adalah baik bagi anda.

(Laughter)

Let me show you how this works.

Saya akan menerangkannya.

In a thankfully voluntary section of OkCupid,

Dalam sebuah bahagian dalam OkCupid,

you are allowed to rate how attractive you think people are

anda boleh menilai daya tarikan pengguna lain

on a scale between one and five.

dengan menggunakan skor antara 1 hingga 5.

Now, if we compare this score, the average score,

Jika kita membandingkan skor purata ini

to how many messages a selection of people receive,

dengan bilangan mesej yang diterima sekumpulan pengguna,

anda akan faham

you can begin to get a sense

of how attractiveness links to popularity on an online dating website.

perhubungan antara daya tarikan dengan

kepopularan dalam laman janji temu.

Inilah graf yang dihasilkan oleh pihak OkCupid.

This is the graph the OkCupid guys have come up with.

And the important thing to notice is that it's not totally true

Yang penting di sini, orang yang amat menawan

that the more attractive you are, the more messages you get.

tidak semestinya akan menerima mesej yang banyak.

Tapi persoalannya ialah, kenapa pengguna di sini

But the question arises then of what is it about people up here

who are so much more popular than people down here,

adalah lebih popular daripada pengguna di sini

even though they have the same score of attractiveness?

walaupun skor daya tarikan mereka adalah sama?

And the reason why is that it's not just straightforward looks that are important.

Sebabnya, rupa tidak begitu penting.

So let me try to illustrate their findings with an example.

Saya akan menerangkannya dengan menggunakan satu contoh.

So if you take someone like Portia de Rossi, for example,

Ini ialah Portia de Rossi.

everybody agrees that Portia de Rossi is a very beautiful woman.

Semua orang bersetuju bahawa Portia de Rossi sangat cantik.

Nobody thinks that she's ugly, but she's not a supermodel, either.

Tiada orang rasa dia adalah hodoh, tapi dia bukannya supermodel.

If you compare Portia de Rossi to someone like Sarah Jessica Parker,

Jika Portia de Rossi dibandingkan dengan Sarah Jessica Parker,

now, a lot of people, myself included, I should say,

ramai orang, termasuk saya,

rasa bahawa Sarah Jessica Parker sangat cantik,

think that Sarah Jessica Parker is seriously fabulous

and possibly one of the most beautiful creatures

dan mungkin dia merupakan salah seorang manusia

to have ever have walked on the face of the Earth.

yang paling cantik di bumi.

But some other people, i.e., most of the Internet ...

Tapi orang lain, iaitu kebanyakan pengguna Internet,

(Gelak ketawa)

(Laughter)

seem to think that she looks a bit like a horse.

rasa bahawa dia nampak seperti kuda.

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

Now, I think that if you ask people how attractive they thought

Saya rasa jika orang ramai diminta untuk menilai

Jessica Parker or Portia de Rossi were,

Sarah Jessica Parker atau Portia de Rossi

and you ask them to give them a score between one and five

dengan menggunakan skor antara 1 hingga 5,

saya rasa kedua-duanya akan mendapat skor yang hampir sama.

I reckon that they'd average out to have roughly the same score.

But the way that people would vote would be very different.

Tapi, cara orang ramai mengundi adalah sangat berbeza.

Orang ramai akan memberi Portia skor 4

So Portia's scores would all be clustered around the four

kerana mereka bersetuju bahawa dia sangat cantik,

because everybody agrees that she's very beautiful,

manakala skor yang diterima Sarah Jesica Parker

whereas Sarah Jessica Parker completely divides opinion.

adalah berbelah bagi.

There'd be a huge spread in her scores.

Sebenarnya, perbezaan inilah yang bermakna.

And actually it's this spread that counts.

It's this spread that makes you more popular

Perbezaan inilah yang menjadikan anda lebih popular

on an online Internet dating website.

dalam laman janji temu.

Jadi, ia bermakna,

So what that means then

is that if some people think that you're attractive,

jika ada orang rasa bahawa anda adalah menawan,

you're actually better off

maka ada juga orang yang rasa

having some other people think that you're a massive minger.

bahawa anda tak menawan.

That's much better than everybody just thinking

Ia adalah lebih baik daripada semua orang rasa

anda seorang yang comel.

that you're the cute girl next door.

Now, I think this begins to make a bit more sense

Rasanya ia lebih munasabah

jika anda melihatnya dari sudut pengguna yang menghantar mesej.

when you think in terms of the people who are sending these messages.

Katakanlah anda rasa seseorang itu adalah menawan,

So let's say that you think somebody's attractive,

tapi anda rasa mungkin orang lain tak berminat padanya.

but you suspect that other people won't necessarily be that interested.

Maksudnya, anda tak ada pesaing yang ramai

That means there's less competition for you

and it's an extra incentive for you to get in touch.

dan anda berpeluang berhubung dengan orang itu.

Bandingkan, jika anda rasa seseorang itu adalah menawan,

Whereas compare that to if you think somebody is attractive

tapi anda rasa orang lain pun rasa begitu.

but you suspect that everybody is going to think they're attractive.

Well, why would you bother humiliating yourself, let's be honest?

Anda tak mahu memalukan diri sendiri, betul?

Berikut ialah bahagian yang sangat menarik.

But here's where the really interesting part comes.

Bila pengguna memilih gambar yang akan terpapar dalam laman janji temu,

Because when people choose the pictures that they use on an online dating website,

they often try to minimize the things

selalunya mereka cuba mengelakkan

that they think some people will find unattractive.

bahagian yang mereka rasa akan kelihatan hodoh bagi orang lain.

Contoh yang klasik, orang yang gemuk

The classic example is people who are, perhaps, a little bit overweight

deliberately choosing a very cropped photo,

akan memilih gambar yang telah diubah suai,

(Laughter)

atau contohnya, orang yang botak

or bald men, for example,

deliberately choosing pictures where they're wearing hats.

akan memilih gambar yang menunjukkannya memakai topi.

But actually this is the opposite of what you should do

Tapi, anda tak patut membuat begitu jika anda mahu berjaya.

if you want to be successful.

You should really, instead,

Anda sepatutnya menggunakan sesuatu yang menjadikan anda berbeza,

play up to whatever it is that makes you different,

even if you think that some people will find it unattractive.

walaupun mungkin orang lain akan rasa ia adalah hodoh.

Because the people who fancy you are just going to fancy you anyway,

Sebab, orang yang sukakan anda tak kisahkan semua itu.

and the unimportant losers who don't, well, they only play up to your advantage.

Orang yang tak sukakan anda pula boleh membantu anda.

Baiklah, Petua #2: Cara untuk memilih pasangan yang sesuai.

OK, Top Tip #2: How to pick the perfect partner.

So let's imagine then that you're a roaring success

Katakanlah anda sangat popular dalam laman janji temu.

on the dating scene.

But the question arises of how do you then convert that success

Tapi, bagaimana anda berubah daripada menjadi popular

into longer-term happiness,

kepada menikmati kebahagian jangka panjang, iaitu

and in particular, how do you decide when is the right time to settle down?

bagaimana anda tahu sudah tiba masanya untuk berkahwin?

Biasanya, pengguna dinasihatkan

Now generally, it's not advisable to just cash in

jangan berkahwin dengan orang pertama yang muncul

and marry the first person who comes along and shows you any interest at all.

dan menunjukkan minat pada anda.

But, equally, you don't really want to leave it too long

Tapi, anda juga tak mahu menunggu terlalu lama

if you want to maximize your chance of long-term happiness.

jika anda mahu memperoleh kebahagian jangka panjang.

As my favorite author, Jane Austen, puts it,

Seperti yang ditulis penulis kegemaran saya, Jane Austen,

"An unmarried woman of seven and twenty

"Perempuan bujang yang berusia 7 dan 20 tahun

can never hope to feel or inspire affection again."

tidak lagi dapat merasai atau mencetuskan rasa kasih sayang."

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

Terima kasih, Jane. Apa yang awak tahu tentang cinta?

Thanks a lot, Jane.

What do you know about love?

(Laughter)

So the question is then,

Jadi, persoalannya ialah,

how do you know when is the right time to settle down,

bagaimana anda tahu sudah tiba masanya untuk berkahwin

bila terdapatnya ramai orang yang boleh dipilih?

given all the people that you can date in your lifetime?

Syukurlah, terdapat sebuah teori matematik yang boleh digunakan

Thankfully, there's a rather delicious bit of mathematics that we can use

to help us out here, called optimal stopping theory.

untuk membantu kita, iaitu teori pemberhentian optimum.

Jadi, bayangkan,

So let's imagine, then,

anda mula berdating semasa anda berusia 15 tahun.

that you start dating when you're 15

and ideally, you'd like to be married by the time that you're 35.

Secara ideal, anda mahu berkahwin semasa anda berusia 35 tahun.

Terdapat sebilangan orang

And there's a number of people

yang anda boleh keluar bersama sepanjang hidup anda

that you could potentially date across your lifetime,

dan kualiti mereka adalah berbeza-beza.

and they'll be at varying levels of goodness.

Peraturannya, setelah anda berkahwin,

Now the rules are that once you cash in and get married,

anda tak boleh mencari calon lain yang berpotensi dikahwini.

you can't look ahead to see what you could have had,

and equally, you can't go back and change your mind.

Anda juga tak boleh mencari bekas kekasih dan bercerai.

In my experience at least,

Berdasarkan pengalaman saya,

I find that typically people don't much like being recalled

seseorang itu tak suka berjumpa bekas kekasihnya

years after being passed up for somebody else, or that's just me.

setelah mereka berpisah disebabkan orang lain.

Mungkin itu cuma saya.

So the math says then that what you should do

Jadi, matematik menunjukkan apa yang anda patut buat

in the first 37 percent of your dating window,

pada 37% pertama dalam masa berdating anda,

you should just reject everybody as serious marriage potential.

anda patut menolak setiap orang yang berpotensi berkahwin dengan anda.

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

And then, you should pick the next person that comes along

Kemudian, anda patut memilih orang seterusnya yang anda temui

that is better than everybody that you've seen before.

kerana dia adalah lebih baik berbanding yang lain.

So here's the example.

Inilah contohnya.

Now if you do this, it can be mathematically proven, in fact,

Jika anda berbuat demikian,

sebenarnya ia boleh dibuktikan dari segi matematik bahawa inilah cara terbaik

that this is the best possible way

of maximizing your chances of finding the perfect partner.

untuk memaksimumkan peluang anda menemui pasangan yang sesuai.

Now unfortunately, I have to tell you that this method does come with some risks.

Malangnya, saya perlu beritahu anda bahawa cara ini mempunyai risikonya.

For instance, imagine if your perfect partner appeared

Sebagai contoh, bayangkan jika pasangan yang sesuai itu ditemui

during your first 37 percent.

dalam 37% yang pertama.

Malangnya, anda perlu menolaknya.

Now, unfortunately, you'd have to reject them.

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

Jika anda percayakan kiraan matematik,

Now, if you're following the maths,

dan jika anda tidak menemui orang yang lebih baik daripada yang lain,

I'm afraid no one else comes along

that's better than anyone you've seen before,

maka anda terpaksa menolak sesiapa pun

so you have to go on rejecting everyone and die alone.

dan mati bersendirian.

(Gelak ketawa)

(Laughter)

Probably surrounded by cats ...

Mungkin anda akan dikelilingi kucing

(Laughter)

yang menggigit-gigit mayat anda.

nibbling at your remains.

OK, another risk is, let's imagine, instead,

Baiklah, risiko yang kedua, bayangkan,

that the first people that you dated in your first 37 percent

orang pertama yang anda temui dalam 37% yang pertama

are just incredibly dull, boring, terrible people.

amat membosankan dan teruk.

Tidak mengapa, kerana anda berada dalam fasa menolak.

That's OK, because you're in your rejection phase,

Jadi, tidak mengapa, anda boleh menolaknya.

so that's fine, you can reject them.

But then imagine the next person to come along

Tapi bayangkan, orang seterusnya yang anda temui

is just marginally less boring, dull and terrible ...

tidak begitu membosankan dan teruk

(Laughter)

than everybody that you've seen before.

berbanding orang lain yang anda temui.

Now, if you are following the maths, I'm afraid you have to marry them ...

Jika anda percayakan kiraan matematik, maka anda terpaksa berkahwin dengannya

(Laughter)

dan menjalani perkahwinan yang tidak bahagia.

and end up in a relationship which is, frankly, suboptimal.

Sorry about that.

Saya berasa kesal dengannya.

But I do think that there's an opportunity here for Hallmark to cash in on

Tapi saya rasa Hallmark boleh memanfaatkannya

dan membuka pasaran ini.

and really cater for this market.

A Valentine's Day card like this.

Kad Hari Valentine seperti ini. (Gelak ketawa)

(Laughter)

"My darling husband, you are marginally less terrible

"Suamiku yang dikasihi,

kau taklah begitu teruk berbanding

than the first 37 percent of people I dated."

lelaki dalam 37% pertama yang keluar dengan aku."

(Laughter)

It's actually more romantic than I normally manage.

Sebenarnya, ia lebih romatik daripada apa yang saya usahakan.

(Laughter)

OK, so this method doesn't give you a 100 percent success rate,

Jadi, cara ini tidak memberikan kadar kejayaan 100%,

but there's no other possible strategy that can do any better.

tapi tidak terdapatnya strategi lain yang lebih baik.

And actually, in the wild, there are certain types of fish

Sebenarnya, terdapatnya beberapa jenis ikan

which follow and employ this exact strategy.

yang mengikut dan menggunakan strategi ini.

So they reject every possible suitor that turns up

Ikan-ikan ini menolak pelamar yang berada dalam

in the first 37 percent of the mating season,

37% yang pertama semasa musim mengawan,

kemudian ikan-ikan ini memilih ikan seterusnya yang ditemui selepas itu,

and then they pick the next fish that comes along after that window

that's, I don't know, bigger and burlier

entahlah, mungkin yang lebih besar dan kuat

than all of the fish that they've seen before.

berbanding ikan-ikan lain yang ditemui sebelum itu.

I also think that subconsciously, humans, we do sort of do this anyway.

Rasanya tanpa disedari, manusia juga berbuat demikian.

We give ourselves a little bit of time to play the field,

Kita memberikan masa kepada diri sendiri untuk berseronok,

get a feel for the marketplace or whatever when we're young.

meninjau pasaran kita dan sebagainya bila kita masih muda.

And then we only start looking seriously at potential marriage candidates

Kita mula mencari secara serius calon yang sesuai dikahwini

once we hit our mid-to-late 20s.

bila mencecah usia pertengahan 20-an.

I think this is conclusive proof, if ever it were needed,

Rasanya ini ialah bukti yang konklusif,

bahawa otak kita boleh mengira secara semula jadi.

that everybody's brains are prewired to be just a little bit mathematical.

OK, so that was Top Tip #2.

Baiklah, itulah dia Petua #2.

Now, Top Tip #3: How to avoid divorce.

Sekarang, Petua #3: Cara untuk mengelakkan perceraian.

Bayangkan anda telah memilih pasangan yang sesuai,

OK, so let's imagine then that you picked your perfect partner

dan anda telah berkahwin dengannya.

and you're settling into a lifelong relationship with them.

Now, I like to think that everybody would ideally like to avoid divorce,

Secara ideal, saya rasa semua orang mahu mengelakkan perceraian,

apart from, I don't know, Piers Morgan's wife, maybe?

melainkan, entahlah, mungkin isteri Piers Morgan?

(Laughter)

Tapi, memang menyedihkan, dalam kehidupan moden,

But it's a sad fact of modern life

that one in two marriages in the States ends in divorce,

1 dalam 2 perkahwinan di Amerika berakhir dengan perceraian,

with the rest of the world not being far behind.

negara-negara lain tidak begitu ketinggalan.

Now, you can be forgiven, perhaps

Anda boleh dimaafkan

for thinking that the arguments that precede a marital breakup

jika anda berfikir bahawa perbalahan yang mencetuskan perceraian

are not an ideal candidate for mathematical investigation.

bukannya perkara yang ideal untuk dinilai dari segi matematik.

Sebab, adalah sukar untuk menentukan

For one thing, it's very hard to know

apa yang patut dinilai atau dinyatakan kuantitinya.

what you should be measuring or what you should be quantifying.

Tapi, ia tidak menghalang ahli psikologi, John Gottman, berbuat demikian.

But this didn't stop a psychologist, John Gottman, who did exactly that.

Gottman observed hundreds of couples having a conversation

Gottman memerhatikan beratus-ratus pasangan berbual

and recorded, well, everything you can think of.

dan merekodkan semua perbualan mereka.

So he recorded what was said in the conversation,

Jadi, dia merekodkan apa yang dibualkan,

he recorded their skin conductivity,

kekonduksian kulit mereka,

he recorded their facial expressions,

air muka mereka,

their heart rates, their blood pressure,

kadar denyutan jantung, dan tekanan darah mereka,

basically everything apart from whether or not the wife was actually always right,

pada dasarnya semua perkara,

kecuali sama ada kata-kata si isteri adalah sentiasa betul.

Sebenarnya, kata-kata si isteri memang betul.

which incidentally she totally is.

But what Gottman and his team found

Tapi, apa yang ditemui Gottman dan pasukannya

was that one of the most important predictors

ialah salah satu peramal yang amat penting bagi

sama ada pasangan suami isteri akan bercerai,

for whether or not a couple is going to get divorced

iaitu sikap yang positif atau negatif dalam perbualan.

was how positive or negative each partner was being in the conversation.

Now, couples that were very low-risk

Pasangan suami isteri yang ada risiko yang rendah

scored a lot more positive points on Gottman's scale than negative.

mendapat lebih banyak skor positif berdasarkan ukuran Gottman.

Whereas bad relationships,

Manakala bagi perhubungan yang teruk,

by which I mean, probably going to get divorced,

iaitu mereka yang mungkin akan bercerai,

mereka berada dalam keadaan yang negatif.

they found themselves getting into a spiral of negativity.

Now just by using these very simple ideas,

Dengan menggunakan cara yang mudah ini,

Gottman and his group were able to predict

Gottman dan kumpulannya dapat meramal

whether a given couple was going to get divorced

sama ada pasangan suami isteri akan bercerai

with a 90 percent accuracy.

dan ketepatan ramalan ialah 90%.

Setelah dia bekerjasama dengan seorang ahli matematik, James Murray,

But it wasn't until he teamed up with a mathematician, James Murray,

that they really started to understand

mereka mula memahami

what causes these negativity spirals and how they occur.

apa yang menyebabkan keadaan negatif ini dan bagaimana ia berlaku.

And the results that they found,

Saya rasa hasil dapatan mereka amat mudah difahami dan menarik.

I think, are just incredibly impressively simple and interesting.

So these equations predict how the wife or husband is going to respond

Kedua-dua persamaan ini meramalkan

bagaimana si isteri atau suami akan menjawab

in their next turn of the conversation,

dalam perbualan yang seterusnya,

sama ada secara positif atau negatif.

how positive or negative they're going to be.

Kedua-dua persamaan ini bergantung pada

And these equations depend on

anginnya semasa dia bersendirian,

the mood of the person when they're on their own,

anginnya semasa dia bersama pasangannya,

the mood of the person when they're with their partner,

tapi yang terpenting, ia bergantung pada

but most importantly, they depend on

how much the husband and wife influence one another.

setakat mana pasangan suami isteri itu saling mempengaruhi.

Pada ketika ini, adalah penting untuk mengatakan

Now, I think it's important to point out at this stage,

that these exact equations have also been shown

bahawa kedua-dua persamaan ini juga didapati

to be perfectly able at describing

dapat menunjukkan dengan tepat

what happens between two countries in an arms race.

apa yang berlaku antara dua negara yang terlibat dalam perlumbaan senjata.

(Gelak ketawa)

(Laughter)

Jadi, pasangan suami isteri yang berbalah,

So that an arguing couple spiraling into negativity

berada dalam keadaan negatif, dan hampir-hampir bercerai

and teetering on the brink of divorce

is actually mathematically equivalent to the beginning of a nuclear war.

adalah sama seperti permulaan perang nuklear dari sudut matematik.

(Laughter)

(Gelak ketawa)

Tapi, perkara yang penting dalam kedua-dua persamaan ini

But the really important term in this equation

is the influence that people have on one another,

ialah pengaruh seseorang itu pada orang lain,

and in particular, something called "the negativity threshold."

secara khusus, ia dikenali sebagai ambang kenegatifan.

Ambang kenegatifan boleh dilihat dari segi betapa teruknya si suami

Now, the negativity threshold,

you can think of as how annoying the husband can be

before the wife starts to get really pissed off, and vice versa.

sehingga si isteri mula berasa geram, dan sebaliknya.

Now, I always thought that good marriages were about compromise and understanding

Bagi saya, pasangan suami isteri yang bahagia bertolak ansur, saling memahami,

and allowing the person to have the space to be themselves.

dan memberikan ruang peribadi kepada pasangannya.

Jadi, saya rasa pasangan suami isteri yang amat bahagia

So I would have thought that perhaps the most successful relationships

were ones where there was a really high negativity threshold.

mempunyai ambang kenegatifan yang sangat tinggi.

Where couples let things go

Mereka membiarkan saja sesuatu

and only brought things up if they really were a big deal.

dan akan membincangkannya jika ia sesuatu yang serius.

But actually, the mathematics and subsequent findings by the team

Sebenarnya, persamaan matematik dan hasil dapatan pasukan tersebut

have shown the exact opposite is true.

telah menunjukkan yang sebaliknya.

The best couples, or the most successful couples,

Pasangan suami isteri yang sangat bahagia

mempunyai ambang kenegatifan yang sangat rendah.

are the ones with a really low negativity threshold.

These are the couples that don't let anything go unnoticed

Mereka tidak membiarkan sesuatu

dan memberikan ruang untuk melahirkan rasa tidak puas hati.

and allow each other some room to complain.

These are the couples that are continually trying to repair their own relationship,

Mereka sentiasa cuba membaiki perhubungan mereka

that have a much more positive outlook on their marriage.

dan ia memberikan kesan positif pada perkahwinan mereka.

Couples that don't let things go

Mereka tidak membiarkan sesuatu

and couples that don't let trivial things end up being a really big deal.

dan tidak membenarkan perkara yang remeh menjadi serius.

Now of course, it takes a bit more than just a low negativity threshold

Semestinya, bukan saja ambang kenegatifan yang rendah

and not compromising to have a successful relationship.

dan saling bertolak ansur dapat menghasilkan perhubungan yang baik.

Saya rasa adalah agak menarik

But I think that it's quite interesting

to know that there is really mathematical evidence

kerana terdapatnya bukti dari segi matematik

to say that you should never let the sun go down on your anger.

yang menyatakan bahawa jangan menyimpan kemarahan anda.

Jadi, itulah dia tiga petua dari sudut matematik

So those are my top three tips

of how maths can help you with love and relationships.

yang boleh membantu soal cinta dan perhubungan anda.

But I hope, that aside from their use as tips,

Tapi saya berharap, selain digunakan sebagai petua,

they also give you a little bit of insight into the power of mathematics.

ia juga dapat membuka mata anda tentang kehebatan matematik.

Because for me, equations and symbols aren't just a thing.

Kerana bagi saya, persamaan dan simbol

bukannya merupakan sebuah perkara saja.

They're a voice that speaks out about the incredible richness of nature

Ia juga merupakan sebuah suara

yang dapat menyatakan kekayaan alam semula jadi

dan keringkasan yang mengejutkan

and the startling simplicity

in the patterns that twist and turn and warp and evolve all around us,

yang terdapat dalam pola-pola yang berada di sekitar kita,

daripada bagaimana dunia ini berfungsi

from how the world works to how we behave.

sehingga bagaimana kita bertindak.

So I hope that perhaps, for just a couple of you,

Saya berharap, mungkin bagi beberapa orang,

a little bit of insight into the mathematics of love

sedikit ilmu tentang cinta dari sudut matematik

dapat menggalakkan anda agar lebih menyukai matematik.

can persuade you to have a little bit more love for mathematics.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)