How the hyperlink changed everything | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

Translator: Camille Martínez Reviewer: Krystian Aparta

Translator: Ilze Garda Reviewer: Pāvils Jurjāns

I remember thinking to myself,

Atceros, kā pie sevis nodomāju:

"This is going to change everything about how we communicate."

"Šis pilnībā mainīs to, kā mēs sazināmies."

[Small thing.]

[Maza lieta.]

[Big idea.]

[Liela ideja.]

[Margaret Gould Stewart on the Hyperlink]

[Mārgareta Gulda Stjuarte par hipersaiti]

A hyperlink is an interface element,

Hipersaite ir saskarnes elements,

and what I mean by that is,

un ar to es domāju,

when you're using software on your phone or your computer,

ka, lietojot telefona vai datora programmatūru,

there's a lot of code behind the interface

aiz saskarnes ir ļoti daudz koda,

that's giving all the instructions for the computer on how to manage it,

kas instruē datoru, kā ar to rīkoties,

but that interface is the thing that humans interact with:

taču šī saskarne ir tas, ar ko cilvēki mijiedarbojas.

when we press on this, then something happens.

Ja nospiežam uz šo, kaut kas notiek.

When they first came around, they were pretty simple

Sākotnēji tās bija visai vienkāršas

and not particularly glamorous.

un ne visai pievilcīgas.

Designers today have a huge range of options.

Mūsdienās dizaineriem ir ārkārtīgi daudz iespēju.

The hyperlink uses what's called a markup language -- HTML.

Hipersaite izmanto iezīmēšanas valodu, sauktu par HTML.

There's a little string of code.

Tur ir koda rindiņa,

And then you put the address of where you want to send the person.

un tad tajā ievieto adresi, uz kurieni cilvēku vēlas nosūtīt.

It's actually remarkably easy to learn how to do.

Iemācīties to veidot patiesībā ir pavisam viegli.

And so, the whole range of references to information elsewhere on the internet

Un tā visdažādākā veida atsauces uz informāciju kaut kur internetā

is the domain of the hyperlink.

ir hipersaites domēns.

Back when I was in school --

Manos skolas laikos –

this is before people had wide access to the internet --

tas bija, vēl pirms internets kļuva plaši pieejams –

if I was going to do a research paper,

lai sagatavotu pētījumu,

I would have to physically walk to the library,

man bija kājām jāiet uz bibliotēku.

and if they had the book that you needed, great.

Ja vajadzīgā grāmata tur bija, lieliski.

You sometimes had to send out for it,

Reizēm tā bija jāpasūta no citas nodaļas,

so the process could take weeks.

tā ka šis process varēja prasīt nedēļas.

And it's kind of crazy to think about that now,

Tagad ir jocīgi par to domāt,

because, like all great innovations,

jo, kā mēdz notikt ar izcilām inovācijām,

it's not long after we get access to something

drīz vien pēc to apgūšanas

that we start to take it for granted.

mēs sākam tās uztvert par pašsaprotamām.

Back in 1945,

1945. gadā

there was this guy, Vannevar Bush.

bija kāds puisis, vārdā Vanīvars Bušs.

He was working for the US government,

Viņš strādāja ASV valdības labā,

and one of the ideas that he put forth was,

un viena no viņa paustajām domām bija:

"Wow, humans are creating so much information,

"Paskat, cilvēki rada tik daudz informācijas,

and we can't keep track of all the books that we've read

un mēs nespējam paturēt prātā visas izlasītās grāmatas

or the connections between important ideas."

un saiknes starp svarīgām idejām."

And he had this idea called the "memex,"

Un viņam bija ideja par memeksu –

where you could put together a personal library

personīgo bibliotēku,

of all of the books and articles that you have access to.

kurā būtu visas grāmatas un raksti, kas jums pieejami.

And that idea of connecting sources captured people's imaginations.

Un šī ideja par avotu sasaisti rosināja cilvēku iztēli.

Later, in the 1960s,

Vēlāk, 1960. gados,

Ted Nelson launches Project Xanadu,

Teds Nelsons palaida Xanadu projektu

and he said,

un teica:

"Well, what if it wasn't just limited to the things that I have?

"Kā būtu, ja tas ietvertu ne tikai man vajadzīgo?

What if I could connect ideas across a larger body of work?"

Ja nu es spētu savienot idejas plašākā darbu lokā?"

In 1982, researchers at the University of Maryland

1982. gadā

Merilendas Universitātes pētnieki izveidoja HyperTIES sistēmu.

developed a system they called HyperTIES.

They were the first to use text itself as a link marker.

Viņi bija pirmie, kas saišu iezīmēšanai izmantoja pašu tekstu.

They figured out that this blue link on a gray background

Viņi izdomāja, ka zilā saite uz pelēcīgā fona

was going to work really well in terms of contrast,

būs ļoti labs risinājums kontrasta ziņā

and people would be able to see it.

un cilvēki to ieraudzīs.

Apple invented HyperCard in 1987.

Apple izgudroja HyperCard 1987. gadā.

You had these stacks of cards,

Tās bija tādas kā kāršu kavas,

and you could create links in between the cards.

un starp kartiņām varēja izveidot saites.

HyperCard actually created the ability to jump around in a story.

HyperCard patiesībā radīja iespēju pārlēkt stāstā no vienas vietas uz otru.

These kinds of notions of nonlinear storytelling

Šādas idejas par nelineāriem stāstiem

got a huge boost when the hyperlink came along,

piedzīvoja uzplaukumu, kad parādījās hipersaite,

because it gave people the opportunity to influence the narrative.

jo tā bija iespēja piedalīties stāstījuma veidošanā.

These ideas and inventions, among others,

Šīs idejas un izgudrojumi bija starp tām,

inspired Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web.

kas iedvesmoja Timu Bērnersu-Lī, vispasaules tīmekļa izgudrotāju.

The hyperlink almost feels like a LEGO block,

Hipersaite šķiet gandrīz kā LEGO klucītis,

this very basic building block to a very complex web of connections

pats pamata klucītis ļoti sarežģītam savienojumu tīklam,

that exists all around the world.

kas pastāv visapkārt pasaulei.

Because of the way that hyperlinks were first constructed,

Pateicoties vienkāršajam hipersaites veidošanas principam,

they were intended to be not only used by many people,

bija paredzams, ka daudzi ne vien tās lietos,

but created by many people.

bet daudzi arī tās radīs.

To me, it's one of the most democratic designs ever created.

Man hipersaite ir viens no visdemokrātiskākajiem dizainiem,

kāds jelkad radīts.