How the hyperlink changed everything | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

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2018-11-03 ・ TED


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How the hyperlink changed everything | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

169,169 views ・ 2018-11-03

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Camille MartΓ­nez Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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λ²ˆμ—­: HanEum Jung κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:12
I remember thinking to myself,
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이런 생각을 ν–ˆλ˜ 것이 κΈ°μ–΅λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
"This is going to change everything about how we communicate."
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"이것이 우리의 μ†Œν†΅ 방식에 λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것을 바꿔놓을 것이닀."
00:17
[Small thing.]
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[μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ 것에 λ‹΄κΈ΄]
00:18
[Big idea.]
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[μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 아이디어]
00:21
[Margaret Gould Stewart on the Hyperlink]
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[λ§ˆκ°€λ¦Ώ κ΅΄λ“œ μŠ€νŠœμ–΄νŠΈ - ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬]
00:23
A hyperlink is an interface element,
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ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬λŠ” μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
and what I mean by that is,
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무슨 μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
00:27
when you're using software on your phone or your computer,
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νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ΄λ‚˜ μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ
00:31
there's a lot of code behind the interface
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μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€ λ’€μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ½”λ“œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
that's giving all the instructions for the computer on how to manage it,
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μ½”λ“œλŠ” μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—κ²Œ μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관리할지 μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 지침이죠.
00:36
but that interface is the thing that humans interact with:
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μΈν„°νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ„κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
when we press on this, then something happens.
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이것을 λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
00:42
When they first came around, they were pretty simple
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이것이 처음 λ„μž…λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” 맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
and not particularly glamorous.
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그닀지 λ©‹μžˆμ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
00:47
Designers today have a huge range of options.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆλ“€μ€ μ„ νƒμ˜ 폭이 λ„“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
The hyperlink uses what's called a markup language -- HTML.
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ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬λŠ” ν‘œμ‹œ 언어라고 λΆˆλ¦¬μš°λŠ” HTML을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
There's a little string of code.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ½”λ“œ λ¬Έμžμ—΄μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
00:58
And then you put the address of where you want to send the person.
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이용자λ₯Ό 보낼 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ˜ μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό μž…λ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
It's actually remarkably easy to learn how to do.
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사싀, μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ λ°°μš°κΈ°λ„ 맀우 쉽죠.
01:04
And so, the whole range of references to information elsewhere on the internet
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 인터넷 μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— μžˆλŠ” 정보λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 데에
01:10
is the domain of the hyperlink.
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ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
Back when I was in school --
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μ œκ°€ 학생일 λ•ŒλŠ”
01:14
this is before people had wide access to the internet --
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인터넷을 널리 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ „μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
if I was going to do a research paper,
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연ꡬ논문을 μ“°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:19
I would have to physically walk to the library,
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직접 λ„μ„œκ΄€κΉŒμ§€ κ±Έμ–΄ κ°€μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
01:22
and if they had the book that you needed, great.
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 책이 있으면 κ·Έλ‚˜λ§ˆ λ‹€ν–‰μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
You sometimes had to send out for it,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 책을 μ‹ μ²­ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
01:26
so the process could take weeks.
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μ²˜λ¦¬λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ λͺ‡ μ£Όκ°€ κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
And it's kind of crazy to think about that now,
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μ§€κΈˆ 생각해보면 말도 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 일이죠.
01:31
because, like all great innovations,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, λͺ¨λ“  μœ„λŒ€ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ 그렇듯이
01:34
it's not long after we get access to something
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λ­”κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있게 되면 μ–Όλ§ˆ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„
01:36
that we start to take it for granted.
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λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°κ²Œ λ˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
01:39
Back in 1945,
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1945년에
01:40
there was this guy, Vannevar Bush.
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λ°°λ‹ˆλ²„ λΆ€μ‹œλΌλŠ” ν•œ λ‚¨μžκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
He was working for the US government,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν–ˆμ£ .
01:45
and one of the ideas that he put forth was,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ‚Έ 아이디어 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
01:47
"Wow, humans are creating so much information,
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인간이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 정보가 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ§Žμ•„μ„œ
01:50
and we can't keep track of all the books that we've read
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ½λŠ” μ±…μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 μ—†κ³ 
01:53
or the connections between important ideas."
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 아이디어듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연관성도 좔적할 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
And he had this idea called the "memex,"
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” "λ©”λ©•μŠ€(Memex)"λΌλŠ” 아이디어λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ£ .
01:58
where you could put together a personal library
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개인 λ„μ„œκ΄€ 같은 것을 λ§Œλ“€λ©΄
02:00
of all of the books and articles that you have access to.
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μ±…κ³Ό μ‹ λ¬Έ 기사듀을 λͺ¨μ•„λ‘˜ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
And that idea of connecting sources captured people's imaginations.
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그리고 이런 μžμ›λ“€μ„ μ—°κ²°ν•˜μžλŠ” 아이디어가 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 상상λ ₯을 μžκ·Ήν–ˆμ£ .
02:09
Later, in the 1960s,
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κ·Έ ν›„ 1960λ…„λŒ€μ—
02:11
Ted Nelson launches Project Xanadu,
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ν…Œλ“œ λ„¬μŠ¨μ΄ μž¬λ„ˆλ‘(Xanadu) ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— μ°©μˆ˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:14
and he said,
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이런 말을 ν–ˆμ£ .
02:15
"Well, what if it wasn't just limited to the things that I have?
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"λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ 가진 것듀에 ν•œκ³„κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
02:18
What if I could connect ideas across a larger body of work?"
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더 큰 규λͺ¨λ‘œ 아이디어λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?"
02:23
In 1982, researchers at the University of Maryland
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1982λ…„, λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 연ꡬ원듀은
02:25
developed a system they called HyperTIES.
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HyperTIESλΌλŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
They were the first to use text itself as a link marker.
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그듀이 처음으둜 문자λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ μ—°κ²° μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
02:31
They figured out that this blue link on a gray background
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그듀은 νšŒμƒ‰ 배경에 νŒŒλž€μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ 링크λ₯Ό λ„£μœΌλ©΄
02:34
was going to work really well in terms of contrast,
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색이 λŒ€λΉ„λ˜λŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 보기 μ‰¬μšΈ 거라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
and people would be able to see it.
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02:39
Apple invented HyperCard in 1987.
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μ• ν”Œμ‚¬λŠ” 1987년에 ν•˜μ΄νΌμΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
You had these stacks of cards,
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μ΄μš©μžκ°€ 이런 μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 많이 가지고 있으면
02:44
and you could create links in between the cards.
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μΉ΄λ“œλ“€ 사이에 링크λ₯Ό 생성할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
HyperCard actually created the ability to jump around in a story.
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ν•˜μ΄νΌμΉ΄λ“œλŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이야기 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν™”λ©΄μœΌλ‘œ λ›°μ–΄λ„˜λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
02:52
These kinds of notions of nonlinear storytelling
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΉ„μ„ ν˜• μŠ€ν† λ¦¬ν…”λ§ κ°œλ…μ€
02:55
got a huge boost when the hyperlink came along,
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ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬μ˜ λ“±μž₯으둜 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
because it gave people the opportunity to influence the narrative.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이야기에 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό μ΄μš©μžμ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:02
These ideas and inventions, among others,
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이런 아이디어와 발λͺ… 덕뢄에
03:04
inspired Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web.
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νŒ€ λ²„λ„ˆμŠ€λ¦¬λŠ” μ›”λ“œμ™€μ΄λ“œμ›Ή(WWW)을 κ°œλ°œν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
03:09
The hyperlink almost feels like a LEGO block,
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ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬λŠ” 마치 레고 블둝 같은
03:11
this very basic building block to a very complex web of connections
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κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 μ—°κ²° λΈ”λ‘μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
μ „ 세계에 걸친 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 연결망을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
that exists all around the world.
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03:17
Because of the way that hyperlinks were first constructed,
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ν•˜μ΄νΌλ§ν¬λ₯Ό 처음 섀계할 λ•Œ
03:20
they were intended to be not only used by many people,
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λ§Žμ€ μ΄μš©μžλ“€μ΄ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:24
but created by many people.
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슀슀둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 가도둝 μ˜λ„λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:26
To me, it's one of the most democratic designs ever created.
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μ œκ°€ 보기에
μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 것 μ€‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 민주적으둜 μ„€κ³„λœ 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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