A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD | Rebecca Brachman

103,820 views ・ 2019-04-17

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hanwool Chung κ²€ν† : Young You
00:12
So the first antidepressants were made from, of all things,
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졜초의 ν•­μš°μšΈμ œλŠ” ν•˜ν•„μ΄λ©΄
00:16
rocket fuel, left over after World War II.
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λ‘œμΌ“μ—°λ£Œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
제2μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „μ—μ„œ μ“°λ‹€ 남은 것이죠.
00:20
Which is fitting, seeing as today, one in five soldiers develop depression,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„ ꡰ인 λ‹€μ„― 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ 우울증과 외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ• λ‘œ
00:25
or post-traumatic stress disorder or both.
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고톡받고 μžˆλŠ” 것에 λΉ„μΆ”μ–΄ 보면 이해가 λ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
But it's not just soldiers that are at high risk for these diseases.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ΅°μΈλ“€λ§Œ 이런 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
It's firefighters, ER doctors, cancer patients, aid workers, refugees --
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μ†Œλ°©κ΄€κ³Ό 응급싀 μ˜μ‚¬μ™€
μ•” ν™˜μž, ꡭ제 κ΅¬ν˜Έμ›, λ‚œλ―Ό λ“±
00:38
anyone exposed to trauma or major life stress.
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ— μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀도 μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
And yet, despite how commonplace these disorders are,
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이런 μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€μ΄ 맀우 ν”ν•΄μ‘ŒμŒμ—λ„
00:45
our current treatments, if they work at all,
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μœ μΌν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ€ 잘 λ“£κΈ°λ‚˜ ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€ν–‰μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
00:49
only suppress symptoms.
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κ·Έμ € 증상을 μ–΅μ œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
In 1798, when Edward Jenner discovered the first vaccine --
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1798λ…„,
μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ μ œλ„ˆ 박사가 μ²œμ—°λ‘ 백신을 처음 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:57
it happened to be for smallpox --
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00:59
he didn't just discover a prophylactic for a disease,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 단지 ν•œ 가지 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜ˆλ°©λ²•μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:03
but a whole new way of thinking:
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기쑴의 상식을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ’€μ§‘λŠ” μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
that medicine could prevent disease.
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μ•½μœΌλ‘œ 병을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:08
However, for over 200 years,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ ν›„ 200μ—¬ 년이 μ§€λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ
01:10
this prevention was not believed to extend to psychiatric diseases.
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μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ μ˜ˆλ°©κΉŒμ§€λŠ” ν™•μž₯λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
Until 2014, when my colleague and I accidentally discovered
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그런데 2014년에 λ“€μ–΄μ„œ
저와 제 λ™λ£ŒλŠ” μš°μ—°νžˆ 우울증과 외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ• μ˜
01:18
the first drugs that might prevent depression and PTSD.
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λ°±μ‹  ν›„λ³΄λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
We discovered the drugs in mice,
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이 약물은 μ₯μ˜ λͺΈμ†μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
01:24
and we're currently studying whether they work in humans.
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ν˜„μž¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œλ„ 같은 효과λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ”μ§€ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
And these preventative psychopharmaceuticals
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이 ν–₯μ •μ‹ μ„± 약물은
01:30
are not antidepressants.
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ν•­μš°μšΈμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
They are a whole new class of drug.
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κΈ°μ‘΄κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 약물이죠.
01:34
And they work by increasing stress resilience,
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이 약물은 슀트레슀 회볡λ ₯을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
so let's call them resilience enhancers.
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그런 μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ 회볡λ ₯ κ°•ν™”μ œλΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
So think back to a stressful time that you've since recovered from.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 극볡해낸 νž˜λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ˜μƒˆκ²¨λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:43
Maybe a breakup or an exam, you missed a flight.
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이별 λ˜λŠ” μ‹œν—˜μΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있고 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό λ†“μ³€λ˜ λ•ŒμΌ μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
01:47
Stress resilience is the active biological process
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슀트레슀 회볡λ ₯은 ν™œλ™μ μΈ μƒμ²΄μž‘μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
that allows us to bounce back after stress.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 슀트레슀λ₯Ό 이겨낼 수 있게 ν•΄μ£Όμ£ .
01:54
Similar to if you have a cold and your immune system fights it off.
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감기에 걸렸을 λ•Œ 우리 면역체계가 감기λ₯Ό λ¬Όλ¦¬μΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
01:57
And insufficient resilience
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회볡λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ©΄
01:59
in the face of a significant enough stressor,
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ 슀트레슀λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ£Όν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:02
can result in a psychiatric disorder, such as depression.
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우울증 같은 μ •μ‹ μž₯μ• λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
In fact, most cases of major depressive disorder
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 우울μž₯μ• λŠ”
02:07
are initially triggered by stress.
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ— κΈ°μΈν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
And from what we've seen so far in mice,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ₯λ₯Ό 톡해 λ°ν˜€λ‚Έ λ°”λ‘œλŠ”
02:12
resilience enhancers can protect against purely biological stressors,
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회볡λ ₯ κ°•ν™”μ œλŠ” 슀트레슀 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 같은 μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ 생물학적 μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ›μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:17
like stress hormones,
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우리λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 있고
02:18
and social and psychological stressors, like bullying and isolation.
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이 κΈ°μž‘μ€ κ΄΄λ‘­νž˜μ΄λ‚˜ 고독감 같은 μ‚¬νšŒμ , 심리적 μš”μΈμ—μ„œλ„ κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
So here is an example where we gave mice
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ”
κ³ λ†λ„μ˜ 슀트레슀 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ„ μ₯μ—κ²Œ 3μ£Όκ°„ νˆ¬μ—¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
three weeks of high levels of stress hormones.
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02:31
So, in other words, a biological stressor without a psychological component.
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즉, 심리적 μš”μΈ 없이 생물학적 μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€λ§Œμ„ μ€€ κ±°μ£ .
02:34
And this causes depressive behavior.
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μ₯λŠ” μš°μšΈμ¦μ„Έλ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
And if we give three weeks of antidepressant treatment beforehand,
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μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ•žμ„œ 3μ£Όκ°„ μ₯μ—κ²Œ ν•­μš°μšΈμ œλ₯Ό νˆ¬μ•½ν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ”
02:41
it has no beneficial effects.
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μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° νš¨κ³Όλ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:43
But a single dose of a resilience enhancer given a week before
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회볡λ ₯ κ°•ν™”μ œμ˜ 경우, μ‹€ν—˜ 일주일 μ „ 단 ν•œ 번의 νˆ¬μ•½λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλ„
02:49
completely prevents the depressive behavior.
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μš°μšΈμ¦μ„ μ™„λ²½νžˆ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Even after three weeks of stress.
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μ₯λŠ” 3μ£Όκ°„μ˜ 슀트레슀 상황을 κ²¬λŽŒλƒˆμ£ .
02:55
This is the first time a drug has ever been shown
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μ΄λŠ” 약물이 슀트레슀의 뢀정적 영ν–₯에 효과λ₯Ό 보인
02:59
to prevent the negative effects of stress.
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역사상 첫 번째 μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
Depression and PTSD are chronic, often lifelong, clinical diseases.
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우울증과 외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ• λŠ” λ§Œμ„±μ μ΄κ³ 
λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 평생 μ•“κ²Œ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
They also increase the risk of substance abuse, homelessness,
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μ•½λ¬Ό λ‚¨μš©, λ…Έμˆ™μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ„ 높이고
03:11
heart disease, Alzheimer's, suicide.
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심μž₯병, 치맀, μžμ‚΄ λ“±μ˜ μœ„ν—˜λ„ μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
The global cost of depression alone is over three trillion dollars per year.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 우울증으둜 인해
맀년 3μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ λ„˜λŠ” λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ†Œλͺ¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
But now, imagine a scenario where we know someone is predictively
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제
μ–΄λ–€ 이가 κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ  μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 맀우 큰 경우λ₯Ό
03:24
at high risk for exposure to extreme stress.
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ν•œλ²ˆ λ– μ˜¬λ €λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:28
Say, a red cross volunteer going into an earthquake zone.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ μ μ‹­μž μžμ›λ΄‰μ‚¬μžκ°€ 지진 λ°œμƒ 지역에 νŒŒκ²¬λœλ‹€κ³  해보죠.
03:31
In addition to the typhoid vaccine,
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봉사λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜κΈ° μ „ μž₯ν‹°ν‘ΈμŠ€ λ°±μ‹ κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
03:33
we could give her a pill or an injection of a resilience enhancer
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회볡λ ₯ κ°•ν™”μ œ ν•œ μ•Œ λ˜λŠ” 주사약 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό
03:37
before she leaves.
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ν•¨κ»˜ λ“€λ € 보낼 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
So when she is held at gunpoint by looters or worse,
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그러면 강도가 총ꡬλ₯Ό κ²¨λˆ„λŠ” 상황 ν˜Ήμ€ 더 μ•ˆ 쒋은 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
03:42
she would at least be protected against developing depression or PTSD
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§„ 후에 κ²ͺ게 λ˜λŠ” μš°μšΈμ¦μ΄λ‚˜ 외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯μ• λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
03:46
after the fact.
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λ³΄ν˜Έλ°›μ„ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
It won't prevent her from experiencing the stress,
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μ•½λ¬Όλ‘œ 슀트레슀λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” 것 자체λ₯Ό 막을 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
03:50
but it will allow her to recover from it.
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κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° νšŒλ³΅ν•  수 있게 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
And that's what's revolutionary here.
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그리고 λ”μš± 획기적인 뢀뢄은
03:55
By increasing resiliency,
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회볡λ ₯을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨
03:57
we can dramatically reduce her susceptibility to depression and PTSD,
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우울증과 외상 ν›„ 슀트레슀 μž₯애에 λŒ€ν•œ 민감성을 극적으둜 쀄일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
possibly saving her from losing her job, her home, her family or even her life.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 직μž₯κ³Ό κ°€μ •, κ°€μ‘± 심지어 인생을 ꡬ할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
After Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine,
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μ œλ„ˆ 박사가 μ²œμ—°λ‘ 백신을 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ ν›„
04:12
a lot of other vaccines rapidly followed.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 백신듀이 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ’€λ₯Ό μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
But it was over 150 years
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²°ν•΅ 백신이 널리 λ³΄κΈ‰λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ”
04:17
before a tuberculosis vaccine was widely available.
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150년이 λ„˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ Έμ£ .
04:21
Why?
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μ™œλƒκ³ μš”?
04:23
In part because society believed
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뢀뢄적인 원인은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν†΅λ…μœΌλ‘œ
04:25
that tuberculosis made people more sensitive and creative and empathetic.
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결핡이 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 더 μ„Έμ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
창의λ ₯κ³Ό 이해심을 λ†’μ—¬μ€€λ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆκ³ 
04:30
And that it was caused by constitution and not biology.
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그것도 생물학적 원인이 μ•„λ‹Œ 체질 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
And similar things are still said today about depression.
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그런데 아직도 μš°μšΈμ¦μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ£Όμž₯을 ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
And just as Jenner's discovery opened the door
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μ œλ„ˆ λ°•μ‚¬μ˜ 발견이
κ·Έ 이후 발견된 λͺ¨λ“  λ°±μ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ 길을 μ—΄μ–΄μ€€ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
04:42
for all of the vaccines that followed after,
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04:45
the drugs we've discovered open the possibility of a whole new field:
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저희가 λ°œκ²¬ν•΄λ‚Έ 약물은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜μ—­μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
preventative psychopharmacology.
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λ°”λ‘œ 예방 정신약리학이죠.
04:52
But whether that's 15 years away,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것이 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 15년이 걸리든
04:55
or 150 years away,
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150년이 걸리든
04:57
depends not just on the science,
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μ΄λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ³Όν•™μ—λ§Œ μ˜μ‘΄λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:59
but on what we as a society choose to do with it.
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 선택을 ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 달린 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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