Saki Mafundikwa: Ingenuity and elegance in ancient African alphabets

111,750 views ใƒป 2013-08-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Surie Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gemma Lee
00:12
I moved back home 15 years ago
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์ €๋Š” 15๋…„ ์ „์— ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
after a 20-year stay in the United States,
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20๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒํ™œ ํ›„์—
00:19
and Africa called me back.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์ง€์š”.
00:21
And I founded my country's first
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜
00:25
graphic design and new media college.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๋‰ด ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
And I called it the Zimbabwe Institute of Vigital Arts.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ ๋น„์ง€ํƒˆ ์•„ํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (Zimbabwe Institute of Vigital Arts)
00:32
The idea, the dream, was really for a sort of Bauhaus
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ์€ ๋ฐ”์šฐํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
00:36
sort of school where new ideas were interrogated
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
00:41
and investigated,
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๊ผผ๊ผผํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
the creation of a new visual language
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
00:47
based on the African creative heritage.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:52
We offer a two-year diploma
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:55
to talented students who have successfully completed
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2๋…„์ œ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”
00:59
their high school education.
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๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And typography's a very important part of the curriculum
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ผํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ต๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ณ ,
01:04
and we encourage our students to look inward for influence.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Here's a poster designed by one of the students
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
under the theme "Education is a right."
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"๊ต์œก์€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ง€์š”.
01:16
Some logos designed by my students.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋กœ๊ณ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Africa has had a long tradition of writing,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:24
but this is not such a well-known fact,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€์š”.
01:26
and I wrote the book "Afrikan Alphabets" to address that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นธ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ํŽด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
The different types of writing in Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž,
01:34
first was proto-writing,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์š”.
01:36
as illustrated by Nsibidi,
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์€์‹œ๋น„๋””๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:38
which is the writing system of a secret society
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์—์ž๊ฐ ์กฑ์˜
01:41
of the Ejagham people in southern Nigeria.
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๋น„๋ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
So it's a special-interest writing system.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋„๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„์ง€์š”.
01:49
The Akan of people of Ghana and [Cote d'Ivoire]
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜์™€ ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋””๋ถ€์•„๋ฅด์˜ ์•„์นธ์กฑ์€
01:52
developed Adinkra symbols some 400 years ago,
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์•„๋”˜ํฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 400๋…„ ์ฏค ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:56
and these are proverbs, historical sayings,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์†๋‹ด๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋ก,
02:00
objects, animals, plants,
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๋ฌผ์ฒด, ๋™๋ฌผ, ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
02:03
and my favorite Adinkra system
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋”˜ํฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋Š”
02:05
is the first one at the top on the left.
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์ขŒ์ธก ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
It's called Sankofa.
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์‚ฐ์ฝ”ํŒŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
It means, "Return and get it." Learn from the past.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” "๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ผ." ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ง€์š”.
02:14
This pictograph by the Jokwe people of Angola
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์•™๊ณ ๋ผ์˜ ์กฐํฌ์›จ์กฑ์˜ ์•”๋ฒฝํ™”๋Š”
02:17
tells the story of the creation of the world.
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์ฒœ์ง€์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
At the top is God, at the bottom is man, mankind,
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์ œ์ผ ์œ„์—๋Š” ์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:26
and on the left is the sun, on the right is the moon.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฐ€, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
All the paths lead to and from God.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธธ์€ ์‹ ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
These secret societies of the Yoruba, Kongo
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์ฝฉ์ฝ” ์š”๋ฃจ๋ฐ”์™€ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„,
02:40
and Palo religions
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ์™€ ์•™๊ณจ๋ผ์˜ ๊ฐ ํŒ”๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์˜
02:42
in Nigeria, Congo and Angola respectively,
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์ด ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง์€
02:46
developed this intricate writing system
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด
02:49
which is alive and well today in the New World
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„์ง๋„ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ,
02:53
in Cuba, Brazil and Trinidad and Haiti.
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ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋“œ์™€ ์•„์ดํ‹ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
In the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of Congo,
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์ฝฉ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์ง€๋Œ€์˜
03:03
in the Ituri society,
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์ดํˆฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์กฑ์—์„œ๋Š”,
03:06
the men pound out a cloth out of a special tree,
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋‘๋“ค๊ฒจ ํŽด๊ณ ,
03:09
and the women, who are also the praise singers,
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์—ฌ์ž๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ์ข…๊ต์  ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€
03:12
paint interweaving patterns
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๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์งœ๋งž์ถ˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:15
that are the same in structure
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜์˜
03:18
as the polyphonic structures that they use in their singing --
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๋Œ€์œ„๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
a sort of a musical score, if you may.
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๊ตณ์ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์•…๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:27
In South Africa, Ndebele women
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์€๋ฐ๋ฒ ๋ ˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€
03:29
use these symbols and other geometric patterns
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๊ธฐํ˜ธ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
03:33
to paint their homes in bright colors,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์„ ๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
and the Zulu women use the symbols
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค„๋ฃจ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ์—
03:39
in the beads that they weave
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๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ํŒ”์ฐŒ์™€ ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด๋ฅผ
03:41
into bracelets and necklaces.
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๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Ethiopia has had the longest tradition of writing,
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์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:48
with the Ethiopic script that was developed
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์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐ์›ํ›„ 4์„ธ๊ธฐ์—
03:50
in the fourth century A.D.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
03:52
and is used to write Amharic,
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2์ฒœ4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
03:55
which is spoken by over 24 million people.
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์•”ํ•˜๋ฆญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
King Ibrahim Njoya of the Bamum Kingdom of Cameroon
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ฃฌ ์™•๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋ฌธ์กฑ ์ด๋ธŒ๋ผํž˜ ์€์กฐ์•ผ ์™•์€
04:03
developed Shรผ-mom at the age of 25.
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25์„ธ์— ์‰ฌ๋ง˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Shรผ-mom is a writing system.
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์‰ฌ๋ง˜์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
It's a syllabary. It's not exactly an alphabet.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์Œ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์žํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์ด๋ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
04:11
And here we see three stages of development
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ 30๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์˜จ
04:15
that it went through in 30 years.
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์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
The Vai people of Liberia had a long tradition of literacy
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๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์กฑ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ๊ธด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:25
before their first contact with Europeans in the 1800s.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ฒซ ์กฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ 1800๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
It's a syllabary and reads from left to right.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žํ‘œ์ด๊ณ  ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Next door, in Sierra Leone, the Mende
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๊ทธ ์˜†์˜ ์‹œ์—๋ผ ๋ฆฌ์˜จ์€ ๋ฉ˜๋ฐ์—์„œ๋„
04:37
also developed a syllabary,
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์Œ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
but theirs reads from right to left.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์ง€์š”.
04:43
Africa has had a long tradition of design,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€
04:46
a well-defined design sensibility,
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์ž˜ ์ •์ œ๋œ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:50
but the problem in Africa has been that,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
especially today, designers in Africa
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€
04:55
struggle with all forms of design
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:57
because they are more apt to look outward
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ
05:02
for influence and inspiration.
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์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
The creative spirit in Africa, the creative tradition,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ, ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ „ํ†ต์€
05:08
is as potent as it has always been,
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋“ฏ์ด ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
if only designers could look within.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”.
05:15
This Ethiopic cross illustrates
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์ด ์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€๋Š”
05:18
what Dr. Ron Eglash has established:
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๋ก  ์—๊ธ€๋ผ์‰ฌ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ ๋“ฏ์ด,
05:21
that Africa has a lot to contribute to computing
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์€ํ”„๋ž™ํƒˆ์„ ์ง๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:25
and mathematics through their intuitive grasp of fractals.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
Africans of antiquity created civilization,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:34
and their monuments, which still stand today,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๋น„๋Š”
05:38
are a true testimony of their greatness.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•จ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Most probably, one of humanity's greatest achievements
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
05:45
is the invention of the alphabet,
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์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
and that has been attributed to Mesopotamia
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”์†Œํฌํƒ€๋ฏธ์•„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ
05:51
with their invention of cuneiform in 1600 BC,
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 1,600๋…„๋Œ€์— ์„คํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:57
followed by hieroglyphics in Egypt,
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
and that story has been cast in stone as historical fact.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ •์„ค๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
That is, until 1998,
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1998๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
06:09
when one Yale professor John Coleman Darnell
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์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ์กด ์ฝœ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋„ฌ์ด
06:14
discovered these inscriptions in the Thebes desert
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ํ…Œ๋ฒ  ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ์ด ๋น„๋ฌธ์„
06:17
on the limestone cliffs in western Egypt,
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ์„ํšŒ์•” ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
and these have been dated at between 1800 and 1900 B.C.,
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 1,800๋…„์—์„œ 1,900๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ
06:27
centuries before Mesopotamia.
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๋ฉ”์†Œํฌํƒ€๋ฏธ์•„์˜ ์„คํ˜•๋ฌธ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Called Wadi el-Hol
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ณณ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์„œ
06:33
because of the place that they were discovered,
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์™€๋”” ์—˜ ํ™€์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
06:36
these inscriptions -- research is still going on,
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์ด ๋น„๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
a few of them have been deciphered,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด ํ•ด๋…๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:42
but there is consensus among scholars
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ํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ
06:45
that this is really humanity's first alphabet.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์•ŒํŒŒ๋ฒณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Over here, you see a paleographic chart
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„œ ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
that shows what has been deciphered so far,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๋…๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋“ค๋กœ์จ
06:56
starting with the letter A, "ฤlep," at the top,
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์ œ์ผ ์œ„์— ๋ฌธ์ž A, "์•Œ๋ ™"์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ
06:59
and "bรชt," in the middle, and so forth.
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"๋ฒ ํŠธ"๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
It is time that students of design in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
07:07
read the works of titans like Cheikh Anta Diop,
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์„ธ์ดํฌ ์•ˆํƒ€ ๋””์˜ต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Senegal's Cheikh Anta Diop,
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์„ธ๋„ค๊ฐˆ์˜ ์„ธ์ดํฌ ์•ˆํƒ€ ๋””์˜ต์˜
07:13
whose seminal work on Egypt is vindicated
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ž‘์€
07:16
by this discovery.
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์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
The last word goes to the great Jamaican leader
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž์ธ
07:22
Marcus Mosiah Garvey
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๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ๋ชจ์‹œ์•„ ์นด๋ฒ ์ด์™€
07:24
and the Akan people of Ghana
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ ์•„์นธ์กฑ๊ณผ
07:28
with their Adinkra symbol Sankofa,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋”˜ํฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์ธ ์‚ฐ์ฝ”ํŒŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
which encourages us to go to the past
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ ,
07:32
so as to inform our present
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:34
and build on a future for us and our children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ›„์†๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:39
It is also time that designers in Africa
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด
07:43
stop looking outside.
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
They've been looking outward for a long time,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์„ ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
07:48
yet what they were looking for
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:51
has been right there within grasp, right within them.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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