Saki Mafundikwa: Ingenuity and elegance in ancient African alphabets

110,170 views ・ 2013-08-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Surie Lee κ²€ν† : Gemma Lee
00:12
I moved back home 15 years ago
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μ €λŠ” 15λ…„ 전에 μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
after a 20-year stay in the United States,
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20λ…„ κ°„μ˜ λ―Έκ΅­ μƒν™œ 후에
00:19
and Africa called me back.
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아프리카가 μ €λ₯Ό λŒμ•„μ˜€λΌ λΆˆλ €μ§€μš”.
00:21
And I founded my country's first
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ‘°κ΅­μ—μ„œ 졜초의
00:25
graphic design and new media college.
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κ·Έλž˜ν”½ λ””μžμΈκ³Ό 뉴 λ―Έλ””μ–΄ λŒ€ν•™μ„ μ„Έμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
And I called it the Zimbabwe Institute of Vigital Arts.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨ λΉ„μ§€νƒˆ μ•„νŠΈ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (Zimbabwe Institute of Vigital Arts)
00:32
The idea, the dream, was really for a sort of Bauhaus
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이 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 이상과 κΏˆμ€ λ°”μš°ν•˜μš°μŠ€μ™€ 같은
00:36
sort of school where new ideas were interrogated
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 아이디어λ₯Ό νƒκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:41
and investigated,
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꼼꼼히 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” ν•™κ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
the creation of a new visual language
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 창쑰적 μœ μ‚°μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
00:47
based on the African creative heritage.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œκ° μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것이죠.
00:52
We offer a two-year diploma
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고등학ꡐλ₯Ό 마친 재λŠ₯μžˆλŠ” ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
00:55
to talented students who have successfully completed
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2λ…„μ œ ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ—¬ν•˜λŠ”
00:59
their high school education.
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과정을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
And typography's a very important part of the curriculum
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그리고 타이포그라피가 ꡐ과 κ³Όμ •μ˜ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄이고,
01:04
and we encourage our students to look inward for influence.
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ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ–»μœΌλ €λ©΄ 내면을 보라고 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Here's a poster designed by one of the students
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μ—¬κΈ° 우리 학생듀 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 λ””μžμΈν•œ ν¬μŠ€ν„°κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
under the theme "Education is a right."
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"κ΅μœ‘μ€ κΆŒλ¦¬λ‹€."λΌλŠ” μ£Όμ œμ§€μš”.
01:16
Some logos designed by my students.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ‘œκ³ λŠ” 우리 학생듀이 λ””μžμΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
Africa has had a long tradition of writing,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” 였래된 문자의 역사λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:24
but this is not such a well-known fact,
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그닀지 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ§€μš”.
01:26
and I wrote the book "Afrikan Alphabets" to address that.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "아프리칸 μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³"μ΄λΌλŠ” 책을 νŽ΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
The different types of writing in Africa,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 문자,
01:34
first was proto-writing,
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μ²˜μŒμ€ 졜초의 문자 ν˜•νƒœμ—μš”.
01:36
as illustrated by Nsibidi,
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μ€μ‹œλΉ„λ””κ°€ ν˜•μƒν™”ν–ˆκ³ ,
01:38
which is the writing system of a secret society
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λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ 남뢀 μ—μžκ° 쑱의
01:41
of the Ejagham people in southern Nigeria.
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λΉ„λ°€ 쑰직의 문자 μ²΄κ³„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
So it's a special-interest writing system.
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 관심을 λ„λŠ” 문자 μ²΄κ³„μ§€μš”.
01:49
The Akan of people of Ghana and [Cote d'Ivoire]
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κ°€λ‚˜μ™€ μ½”νŠΈλ””λΆ€μ•„λ₯΄μ˜ 아칸쑱은
01:52
developed Adinkra symbols some 400 years ago,
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μ•„λ”˜ν¬λΌ 기호λ₯Ό 400λ…„ μ―€ 전에 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ ,
01:56
and these are proverbs, historical sayings,
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이것듀은 속담과 역사적 기둝,
02:00
objects, animals, plants,
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물체, 동물, μ‹λ¬Όλ“€μ΄μ—μš”.
02:03
and my favorite Adinkra system
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μ•„λ”˜ν¬λΌ κΈ°ν˜ΈλŠ”
02:05
is the first one at the top on the left.
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쒌츑 상단에 μžˆλŠ” 첫번째 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
It's called Sankofa.
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μ‚°μ½”νŒŒλΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
It means, "Return and get it." Learn from the past.
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μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” "λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ 찾아라." κ³Όκ±°λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ°°μš°λΌλŠ” λœ»μ΄μ§€μš”.
02:14
This pictograph by the Jokwe people of Angola
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μ•™κ³ λΌμ˜ μ‘°ν¬μ›¨μ‘±μ˜ μ•”λ²½ν™”λŠ”
02:17
tells the story of the creation of the world.
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μ²œμ§€μ°½μ‘°μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‹΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
At the top is God, at the bottom is man, mankind,
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제일 μœ„μ—λŠ” 신이 있고, λ°”λ‹₯μ—λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ, 인λ₯˜κ°€ 있고,
02:26
and on the left is the sun, on the right is the moon.
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μ™Όμͺ½μ—λŠ” ν•΄κ°€, 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ—λŠ” 달이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
All the paths lead to and from God.
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λͺ¨λ“  길은 신을 ν–₯ν•˜κ³ , 또 μ‹ μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
These secret societies of the Yoruba, Kongo
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콩코 μš”λ£¨λ°”μ™€ λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„,
02:40
and Palo religions
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콩고와 μ•™κ³¨λΌμ˜ 각 νŒ”λ‘œ μ§€μ—­μ˜
02:42
in Nigeria, Congo and Angola respectively,
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이 λΉ„λ°€ 쑰직은
02:46
developed this intricate writing system
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 문자 체계λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•΄
02:49
which is alive and well today in the New World
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  아직도 쿠바와 브라질,
02:53
in Cuba, Brazil and Trinidad and Haiti.
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νŠΈλ¦¬λ‹ˆλ‹€λ“œμ™€ 아이티 λ“±μ˜ 신세계에 살아남아 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
In the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of Congo,
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콩고민주곡화ꡭ μ—΄λŒ€μš°λ¦Όμ§€λŒ€μ˜
03:03
in the Ituri society,
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이투리 λΆ€μ‘±μ—μ„œλŠ”,
03:06
the men pound out a cloth out of a special tree,
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λ‚¨μžλ“€μ€ νŠΉμ • λ‚˜λ¬΄μ˜ κ»μ§ˆμ„ 두듀겨 펴고,
03:09
and the women, who are also the praise singers,
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μ—¬μžλ“€, 즉 쒅ꡐ적 λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 이듀은
03:12
paint interweaving patterns
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κ·Έ μœ„μ— 짜맞좘 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ κ·Έλ¦¬λŠ”λ°,
03:15
that are the same in structure
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κ·Έ κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” 그듀이 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” λ…Έλž˜μ˜
03:18
as the polyphonic structures that they use in their singing --
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λŒ€μœ„λ²• ꡬ쑰와 λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
a sort of a musical score, if you may.
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ꡳ이 λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ 악보와 같은 것이죠.
03:27
In South Africa, Ndebele women
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λ‚¨μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ€λ°λ² λ ˆ 여성듀은
03:29
use these symbols and other geometric patterns
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κΈ°ν˜Έμ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  무늬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
03:33
to paint their homes in bright colors,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 집을 밝은 μƒ‰μƒμœΌλ‘œ μΉ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
and the Zulu women use the symbols
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그리고 쀄루 여성듀은 κ΅¬μŠ¬μ—
03:39
in the beads that they weave
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기호λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ νŒ”μ°Œμ™€ λͺ©κ±Έμ΄λ₯Ό
03:41
into bracelets and necklaces.
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λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Ethiopia has had the longest tradition of writing,
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μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„λŠ” κ°€μž₯ κΈ΄ 문자의 역사λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
03:48
with the Ethiopic script that was developed
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μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„ λ¬ΈμžλŠ” 기원후 4세기에
03:50
in the fourth century A.D.
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ ,
03:52
and is used to write Amharic,
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2천4백만 λͺ… 이상이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”
03:55
which is spoken by over 24 million people.
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μ•”ν•˜λ¦­μ–΄λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ”λ° μ΄μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
King Ibrahim Njoya of the Bamum Kingdom of Cameroon
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카메룬 μ™•κ΅­μ˜ λ°”λ¬Έμ‘± 이브라힘 은쑰야 왕은
04:03
developed ShΓΌ-mom at the age of 25.
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25세에 μ‰¬λ§˜μ„ κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
ShΓΌ-mom is a writing system.
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μ‰¬λ§˜μ€ 문자 μ²΄κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
It's a syllabary. It's not exactly an alphabet.
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이게 음절 λ¬Έμžν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³μ΄λž‘μ€ 쑰금 λ‹€λ₯΄μ£ .
04:11
And here we see three stages of development
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμžκ°€ 30λ…„ κ°„ 거쳐온
04:15
that it went through in 30 years.
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μ„Έ λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬ 과정을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
The Vai people of Liberia had a long tradition of literacy
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λ¦¬λ² λ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 바이쑱은 문자의 κΈ΄ 역사λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
04:25
before their first contact with Europeans in the 1800s.
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μœ λŸ½μΈλ“€κ³Όμ˜ 첫 μ‘°μš°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 1800λ…„λŒ€ μ΄μ „λΆ€ν„°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
It's a syllabary and reads from left to right.
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이것이 κ·Έ λ¬Έμžν‘œμ΄κ³  μ™Όμͺ½μ—μ„œ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Next door, in Sierra Leone, the Mende
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κ·Έ μ˜†μ˜ μ‹œμ—λΌ λ¦¬μ˜¨μ€ λ©˜λ°μ—μ„œλ„
04:37
also developed a syllabary,
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 음절 문자λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
but theirs reads from right to left.
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그듀은 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ—μ„œ μ™Όμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ½μ§€μš”.
04:43
Africa has had a long tradition of design,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” 였랜 λ””μžμΈμ˜ 역사와
04:46
a well-defined design sensibility,
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잘 μ •μ œλœ λ””μžμΈ 감각을 가지고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
04:50
but the problem in Africa has been that,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
especially today, designers in Africa
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특히 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆλ“€μ€
04:55
struggle with all forms of design
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λͺ¨λ“  ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ””μžμΈμœΌλ‘œ κ³ μƒν•˜λŠ”λ°,
04:57
because they are more apt to look outward
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그듀이 영ν–₯κ³Ό μ˜κ°μ„ λ°–μ—μ„œ
05:02
for influence and inspiration.
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μ°ΎμœΌλ €λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 더 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
The creative spirit in Africa, the creative tradition,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 창의λ ₯, 창의적인 전톡은
05:08
is as potent as it has always been,
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μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ κ·Έλž¬λ“―μ΄ 잠재λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
if only designers could look within.
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λ‹€λ§Œ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ μ•ˆμ„ λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ λ³Ό λ•Œλ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€μš”.
05:15
This Ethiopic cross illustrates
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이 μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„ μ‹­μžκ°€λŠ”
05:18
what Dr. Ron Eglash has established:
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λ‘  에글라쉬 박사가 μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆ 듯이,
05:21
that Africa has a lot to contribute to computing
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μΈλ“€μ€ν”„λž™νƒˆμ„ μ§κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:25
and mathematics through their intuitive grasp of fractals.
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컴퓨터와 μˆ˜ν•™μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•  것이 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” 이둠을 μž…μ¦ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
Africans of antiquity created civilization,
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κ³ λŒ€ 아프리카인듀은 λ¬Έλͺ…을 μ΄λ£©ν–ˆκ³ ,
05:34
and their monuments, which still stand today,
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κΈ°λ…λΉ„λŠ”
05:38
are a true testimony of their greatness.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•¨μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ” μ§„μ •ν•œ μ¦κ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
Most probably, one of humanity's greatest achievements
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 인λ₯˜μ˜ μ„±μ·¨ν•œ κ°€μž₯ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 것 κ°€μš΄λ° ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
05:45
is the invention of the alphabet,
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μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³μ˜ 발λͺ…일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
and that has been attributed to Mesopotamia
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그리고 μ΄λŠ” λ©”μ†Œν¬νƒ€λ―Έμ•„μ— 영ν–₯을 미쳐
05:51
with their invention of cuneiform in 1600 BC,
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기원전 1,600λ…„λŒ€μ— μ„€ν˜•λ¬Έμžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
05:57
followed by hieroglyphics in Egypt,
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ˜ μƒν˜•λ¬Έμžμ—λ„ 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
and that story has been cast in stone as historical fact.
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그리고 μ΄λŠ” μ—­μ‚¬ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œ μ •μ„€λ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
That is, until 1998,
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1998λ…„κΉŒμ§€λŠ”μš”.
06:09
when one Yale professor John Coleman Darnell
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μ˜ˆμΌλŒ€ ꡐ수인 μ‘΄ 콜만 닀넬이
06:14
discovered these inscriptions in the Thebes desert
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ν…Œλ²  μ‚¬λ§‰μ˜ 이 비문을
06:17
on the limestone cliffs in western Egypt,
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ μ„œλΆ€μ˜ μ„νšŒμ•” μ ˆλ²½μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ ν•΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
and these have been dated at between 1800 and 1900 B.C.,
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기원전 1,800λ…„μ—μ„œ 1,900λ…„ 사이에 기둝된 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜λ©°
06:27
centuries before Mesopotamia.
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λ©”μ†Œν¬νƒ€λ―Έμ•„μ˜ μ„€ν˜•λ¬Έμžλ³΄λ‹€ λͺ‡ μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ μ•žμ„­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
Called Wadi el-Hol
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발견된 κ³³ 이름을 λ”°μ„œ
06:33
because of the place that they were discovered,
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와디 μ—˜ 홀이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λ©°
06:36
these inscriptions -- research is still going on,
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이 비문에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 계속 진행 μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
a few of them have been deciphered,
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μΌλΆ€λ§Œμ΄ ν•΄λ…λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:42
but there is consensus among scholars
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ν•™μžλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 이것이 μ§„μ •ν•œ
06:45
that this is really humanity's first alphabet.
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인λ₯˜ 졜초의 μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³μ΄λΌλŠ” κ³΅κ°λŒ€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
Over here, you see a paleographic chart
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μ—¬κΈ° κ³ λ¬Έμ„œ ν‘œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
that shows what has been deciphered so far,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ ν•΄λ…λœ λ¬Έμžλ“€λ‘œμ¨
06:56
starting with the letter A, "ālep," at the top,
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제일 μœ„μ— 문자 A, "μ•Œλ ™"을 μ‹œμž‘μœΌλ‘œ
06:59
and "bΓͺt," in the middle, and so forth.
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"베트"κ°€ κ°€μš΄λ°μ— 있고, 기타 λ¬Έμžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
It is time that students of design in Africa
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ λ””μžμΈμ„ μ „κ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 학생듀이
07:07
read the works of titans like Cheikh Anta Diop,
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세이크 μ•ˆνƒ€ λ””μ˜΅ 같은 κ±°μž₯의 μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ„ 읽어야 ν•  λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
Senegal's Cheikh Anta Diop,
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μ„Έλ„€κ°ˆμ˜ 세이크 μ•ˆνƒ€ λ””μ˜΅μ˜
07:13
whose seminal work on Egypt is vindicated
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μž‘μ€
07:16
by this discovery.
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이 발견으둜 인해 재쑰λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
The last word goes to the great Jamaican leader
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μžλ©”μ΄μΉ΄μ˜ μ§€λ„μžμΈ
07:22
Marcus Mosiah Garvey
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마λ₯΄μΏ μŠ€ λͺ¨μ‹œμ•„ 카베이와
07:24
and the Akan people of Ghana
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κ°€λ‚˜μ˜ μ•„μΉΈμ‘±κ³Ό
07:28
with their Adinkra symbol Sankofa,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ•„λ”˜ν¬λΌ 기호인 μ‚°μ½”νŒŒμ—κ²Œ λŒλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
which encourages us to go to the past
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우리λ₯Ό 과거둜 이끌고,
07:32
so as to inform our present
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우리의 ν˜„μž¬λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ£Όκ³ 
07:34
and build on a future for us and our children.
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 후손듀을 μœ„ν•œ 미래λ₯Ό 이룰 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
07:39
It is also time that designers in Africa
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ λ˜ν•œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆλ“€μ΄
07:43
stop looking outside.
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λ°”κΉ₯을 λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 것을 λ©ˆμΆ°μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
They've been looking outward for a long time,
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그듀은 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ°”κΉ₯을 λ΄€μ§€λ§Œ
07:48
yet what they were looking for
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그듀이 μ°ΎλŠ” 것은
07:51
has been right there within grasp, right within them.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이곳, λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ“€ μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
Thank you very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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