Two reasons companies fail -- and how to avoid them | Knut Haanaes

266,255 views

2016-04-22 ・ TED


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Two reasons companies fail -- and how to avoid them | Knut Haanaes

266,255 views ・ 2016-04-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Tim(TaeWan) KIM κ²€ν† : Ju Hye Lim
00:13
Here are two reasons companies fail:
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νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ°λŠ” 두 가지 μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
they only do more of the same,
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같은 κ²ƒλ§Œ κ³„μ†ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:20
or they only do what's new.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²ƒμ—λ§Œ λ§€λ‹¬λ¦¬λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:23
To me the real, real solution to quality growth
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μ •λ§λ‘œ 질적 μ„±μž₯을 이루렀면
00:28
is figuring out the balance between two activities:
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두 가지 ν™œλ™ 간에 κ· ν˜•μ„ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
exploration and exploitation.
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탐ꡬ와 μ΄μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
Both are necessary,
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두 가지 λ‹€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
00:36
but it can be too much of a good thing.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€λ‚˜μ³λ„ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Consider Facit.
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퍼싯 사λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:43
I'm actually old enough to remember them.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 잘 κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
Facit was a fantastic company.
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퍼싯은 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
They were born deep in the Swedish forest,
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μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ˜ κΉŠμ€ μ‚°μ€‘μ—μ„œ 섀립됐죠.
00:50
and they made the best mechanical calculators in the world.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 졜고인 기계식 계산기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Everybody used them.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
00:56
And what did Facit do when the electronic calculator came along?
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그런데 μ „μžκ³„μ‚°κΈ°κ°€ λ‚˜μ™”μ„ λ•Œ 퍼싯은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:01
They continued doing exactly the same.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ ν•˜λ˜ λŒ€λ‘œ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:04
In six months, they went from maximum revenue ...
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그러자 6κ°œμ›”λ§Œμ— 수읡이 ν•˜λ½ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
01:08
and they were gone.
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μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
01:10
Gone.
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μ—†μ–΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
01:11
To me, the irony about the Facit story
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퍼싯 μ–˜κΈ°μ—μ„œ 역섀적인 것은
01:15
is hearing about the Facit engineers,
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κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
who had bought cheap, small electronic calculators in Japan
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그듀은 μ‹Έκ³  μž‘μ€ μ „μžκ³„μ‚°κΈ°λ₯Ό μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λ“€μ—¬μ„œ
01:24
that they used to double-check their calculators.
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자기 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 계산기λ₯Ό μ κ²€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:29
Facit did too much exploitation.
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퍼싯은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ΄μš©μ„ ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
But exploration can go wild, too.
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탐ꡬ도 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ‹¬ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
A few years back,
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λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „
01:36
I worked closely alongside a European biotech company.
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μ €λŠ” 유럽의 ν•œ 생λͺ…곡학 νšŒμ‚¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 일을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
Let's call them OncoSearch.
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μ˜¨μ½”μ„œμΉ˜λΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
The company was brilliant.
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이 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό κΈ°λ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
They had applications that promised to diagnose, even cure,
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νŠΉμ • ν˜•νƒœμ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ•”μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£ŒκΉŒμ§€ 해쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μž₯λ‹΄ν•˜λŠ”
01:49
certain forms of blood cancer.
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μ–΄ν”Œλ¦¬μΌ€μ΄μ…˜μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
Every day was about creating something new.
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맀일이 λ­”κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜λ‚ μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:55
They were extremely innovative,
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κ·Ήλ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:58
and the mantra was, "When we only get it right,"
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μŠ¬λ‘œκ±΄μ€ "μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€."μ˜€μ£ .
02:01
or even, "We want it perfect."
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” "μ™„λ²½ν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€"도 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:04
The sad thing is,
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„
02:06
before they became perfect --
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그듀은 완벽해지기 전에
02:08
even good enough --
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 쒋아지기도 전에
02:10
they became obsolete.
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νκΈ°λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
OncoSearch did too much exploration.
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μ˜¨μ½”μ„œμΉ˜λŠ” 탐ꡬλ₯Ό λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 ν•œ κ±°μ£ .
02:17
I first heard about exploration and exploitation about 15 years ago,
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μ œκ°€ 탐ꡬ와 μ΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 처음 듀은 것은 15λ…„ 전에
02:23
when I worked as a visiting scholar at Stanford University.
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μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œμ—μ„œ κ°μ›μ—°κ΅¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ 일할 λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
The founder of the idea is Jim March.
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이 아이디어λ₯Ό 처음 κ°œλ°œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 짐 λ§ˆμΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
And to me the power of the idea is its practicality.
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이 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” μ‹€μš©μ„±μ΄ 큰 μž₯μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
Exploration.
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탐ꡬ.
02:36
Exploration is about coming up with what's new.
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νƒκ΅¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 발λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
It's about search,
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μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이고
02:42
it's about discovery,
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λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이고
02:43
it's about new products,
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μ‹ μ œν’ˆμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
it's about new innovations.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜μ‹ μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
It's about changing our frontiers.
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ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Our heroes are people who have done exploration:
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우리의 μ˜μ›…λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ νƒκ΅¬ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Madame Curie,
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퀴리 뢀인
02:56
Picasso,
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ν”ΌμΉ΄μ†Œ
02:57
Neil Armstrong,
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닐 μ•”μŠ€νŠΈλ‘±
02:58
Sir Edmund Hillary, etc.
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μ—λ“œλ¬Έλ“œ 힐러리 κ²½ λ“±
03:01
I come from Norway;
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μ €λŠ” λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄ μΆœμ‹ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
all our heroes are explorers, and they deserve to be.
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λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄ μ˜μ›…λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€μ΄κ³ , 그럴 자격이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
We all know that exploration is risky.
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탐ꡬ에 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” 것은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
We don't know the answers,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 닡을 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ 
03:14
we don't know if we're going to find them,
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닡을 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
and we know that the risks are high.
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μœ„ν—˜ 뢀담이 λ†’λ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Exploitation is the opposite.
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μ΄μš©μ€ μ •λ°˜λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Exploitation is taking the knowledge we have
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μ΄μš©μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 지식을 ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œ
03:23
and making good, better.
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쒋은 것을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Exploitation is about making our trains run on time.
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μ΄μš©μ€ κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ 제 μ‹œκ°„μ— μš΄ν–‰λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같은 것이죠.
03:29
It's about making good products faster and cheaper.
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쒋은 μ œν’ˆμ„ 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ³  μ‹Έκ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Exploitation is not risky --
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μ΄μš©μ€ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
in the short term.
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λ‹¨κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”μš”.
03:39
But if we only exploit,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이용만 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:41
it's very risky in the long term.
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μž₯κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 맀우 μœ„ν—˜ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
And I think we all have memories of the famous pop groups
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우린 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 λ…Έλž˜λ§Œ λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ λΆ€λ₯΄λ˜
03:48
who keep singing the same songs again and again,
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유λͺ…ν•œ 팝 그룹에 λŒ€ν•œ 기얡이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
until they become obsolete or even pathetic.
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ν•œλ¬Ό κ°„ 그룹이 λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆμŒν•΄μ§ˆ λ•Œ κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
03:56
That's the risk of exploitation.
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이것이 이용이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” μœ„ν—˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
So if we take a long-term perspective, we explore.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μž₯기적인 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면 탐ꡬ해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
If we take a short-term perspective, we exploit.
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단기적인 μ‹œκ°μ—μ„œλ§Œ 보면 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
04:09
Small children, they explore all day.
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어린이듀은 ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 νƒκ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
All day it's about exploration.
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μ˜¨μ’…μΌ νƒκ΅¬ν•˜λ©° λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
As we grow older,
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점점 λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ“€λ©΄μ„œ
04:16
we explore less because we have more knowledge to exploit on.
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μ΄μš©ν•΄ 먹을 지식이 λ§Žμ•„μ§€λ©΄μ„œ νƒκ΅¬λŠ” 덜 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
The same goes for companies.
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같은 일이 νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Companies become, by nature, less innovative
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νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ€ 점점 더 λŠ₯μˆ™ν•΄μ§€λ©΄μ„œ μžμ—°μ˜ 법칙에 따라
04:28
as they become more competent.
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ν˜μ‹ μ—μ„œ λ©€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
And this is, of course, a big worry to CEOs.
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λ¬Όλ‘  CEO듀에겐 이런 것이 큰 κ±±μ •κ±°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And I hear very often questions phrased in different ways.
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말은 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ 자주 λ“£λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
For example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄,
04:41
"How can I both effectively run and reinvent my company?"
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό 효율적으둜 μš΄μ˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ ν˜μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?"
04:46
Or, "How can I make sure
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λ˜λŠ” "μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό νšŒμ‚¬κ°€
04:48
that our company changes before we become obsolete
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μœ„κΈ°μ— λΉ μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ μ“Έλͺ¨μ—†μ–΄μ§€κΈ° 전에
04:52
or are hit by a crisis?"
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λ³€ν™”ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒ?"
04:55
So, doing one well is difficult.
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ν•œ 가지λ₯Ό 잘 ν•˜λŠ” 건 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일이고
04:58
Doing both well as the same time is art --
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두 가지λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ λ™μ‹œμ— 잘 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ˜ˆμˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
pushing both exploration and exploitation.
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탐ꡬ와 이용 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό λ°€μ–΄λΆ™μ΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
05:05
So one thing we've found
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ ν•œ 가지 사싀은
05:06
is only about two percent of companies are able to effectively explore
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였직 2%에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ“€λ§Œμ΄ 효울적으둜
05:13
and exploit at the same time, in parallel.
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탐ꡬ와 μ΄μš©μ„ λ™μ‹œμ— 병행할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
But when they do,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ³‘ν–‰ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ·Έ 보상은
05:19
the payoffs are huge.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
So we have lots of great examples.
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쒋은 사둀가 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
We have NestlΓ© creating Nespresso,
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λ„€μŠ¬λ ˆκ°€ λ„€μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ†Œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“  것
05:27
we have Lego going into animated films,
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λ ˆκ³ κ°€ λ§Œν™” μ˜ν™”μ— λ›°μ–΄λ“  것
05:30
Toyota creating the hybrids,
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ν† μš”νƒ€κ°€ ν•˜μ΄λΈŒλ¦¬λ“œ μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•œ 것
05:32
Unilever pushing into sustainability --
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μœ λ‹ˆλ ˆλ²„κ°€ 지속가λŠ₯μ„± 뢄야에 μ§„μΆœν•œ 것 λ“±
05:35
there are lots of examples, and the benefits are huge.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 사둀가 있죠. 그리고 κ·Έ ν˜œνƒμ€ μ—„μ²­λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
Why is balancing so difficult?
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그런데 κ· ν˜•μ„ μž‘κΈ°κ°€ μ™œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
05:42
I think it's difficult because there are so many traps
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λ§Žμ€ 함정이 도사리고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:45
that keep us where we are.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€λ§Œνžˆ 있게 되죠.
05:47
So I'll talk about two, but there are many.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지가 λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ 두 κ°€μ§€λ§Œ μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄ λ³Όκ²Œμš”
05:51
So let's talk about the perpetual search trap.
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계속 μ‘°μ‚¬λ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” ν•¨μ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
We discover something,
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λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:56
but we don't have the patience or the persistence
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거기에 μ°©μˆ˜ν•΄μ„œ λλ‚΄κΈ°μ—λŠ”
05:59
to get at it and make it work.
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인내와 λˆκΈ°κ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
So instead of staying with it, we create something new.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•œ 가지에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
But the same goes for that,
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이런 일이 κ³„μ†λ˜λ©΄
06:06
then we're in the vicious circle
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μ•…μˆœν™˜μ— λΉ μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
of actually coming up with ideas but being frustrated.
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아이디어λ₯Ό 내놓고 μ’Œμ ˆν•˜λŠ” 식이죠.
06:12
OncoSearch was a good example.
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μ˜¨μ½”μ„œμΉ˜κ°€ 쒋은 μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
A famous example is, of course, Xerox.
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유λͺ…ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œλŠ” μ œλ‘μŠ€λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
06:18
But we don't only see this in companies.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ—…μ—λ§Œ 이런 일이 μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
06:20
We see this in the public sector as well.
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κ³΅κ³΅λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œλ„ 이런 사둀가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
We all know that any kind of effective reform of education,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ ꡐ윑, 연ꡬ, 건강, 심지어 ꡭ방에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
μ–΄λ–€ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ κ°œν˜μ΄λ“  효율적으둜 이루어지기 μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
06:29
research, health care, even defense,
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06:31
takes 10, 15, maybe 20 years to work.
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10, 15, μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 20λ…„κΉŒμ§€λ„ κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:35
But still, we change much more often.
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 자주 κ°œν˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
We really don't give them the chance.
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기회λ₯Ό 주지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:42
Another trap is the success trap.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ„±κ³΅μ˜ ν•¨μ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
Facit fell into the success trap.
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퍼싯이 이 함정에 λΉ μ‘Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
They literally held the future in their hands,
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그듀은 κ·Έμ•Όλ§λ‘œ 미래λ₯Ό 손에 μ›€μΌœμ₯κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:53
but they couldn't see it.
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κ·Έκ±Έ 보지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
They were simply so good at making what they loved doing,
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단지 μžκΈ°λ“€μ΄ ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데만 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠ₯μˆ™ν•΄μ„œ
06:58
that they wouldn't change.
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λ³€ν™”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ±°μ£ .
07:01
We are like that, too.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ•„μš”.
07:02
When we know something well, it's difficult to change.
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무언가λ₯Ό 잘 μ•Œκ³  있으면 λ°”κΎΈκΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
Bill Gates has said:
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빌 κ²Œμ΄μΈ κ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
07:09
"Success is a lousy teacher.
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"성곡은 ν˜•νŽΈμ—†λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄λ‹€.
07:12
It seduces us into thinking we cannot fail."
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우리λ₯Ό μ ˆλŒ€ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€."κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
That's the challenge with success.
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이것이 μ„±κ³΅ν•˜λ©΄ κ²ͺλŠ” λ„μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
So I think there are some lessons, and I think they apply to us.
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여기에 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œλ„ ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜λŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
And they apply to our companies.
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κΈ°μ—…μ—κ²Œλ„ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
The first lesson is: get ahead of the crisis.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”, μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ•žμ„œκ°€λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
And any company that's able to innovate
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ν˜μ‹ μ„ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λΌλ©΄
07:32
is actually able to also buy an insurance in the future.
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미래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ³΄ν—˜μ„ λ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
Netflix -- they could so easily have been content
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λ„·ν”Œλ¦­μŠ€λŠ” 초기의 λ°°ν¬λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ
07:39
with earlier generations of distribution,
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μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œμ‘±ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:42
but they always -- and I think they will always --
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이듀은 μ–Έμ œλ‚˜, 그리고 μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„
07:45
keep pushing for the next battle.
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λ‹€μŒ μ „νˆ¬μ— νž˜μ„ μŸμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
I see other companies that say,
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν˜Έμ–Έν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
"I'll win the next innovation cycle, whatever it takes."
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"무슨 일이 μžˆμ–΄λ„ λ‹€μŒ ν˜μ‹  μ£ΌκΈ°μ—λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μŠΉλ¦¬ν•  것이닀"λΌκ³ μš”.
07:55
Second one: think in multiple time scales.
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두 번째 κ΅ν›ˆμ€, 볡합적인 μ‹œκ°„μΆ•μ„ 놓고 생각해 λ³΄λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
I'll share a chart with you,
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μ—¬κΈ° 차트λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
08:00
and I think it's a wonderful one.
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맀우 멋진 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μ£ .
08:02
Any company we look at,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΄€μ°°ν•œ μ–΄λ–€ νšŒμ‚¬λ“ 
08:04
taking a one-year perspective
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1λ…„μ§œλ¦¬ 관점을 가지고
08:06
and looking at the valuation of the company,
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νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ–„
08:08
innovation typically accounts for only about 30 percent.
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ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 비쀑은 30% 정도에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:12
So when we think one year,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 1λ…„λ§Œμ„ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
08:13
innovation isn't really that important.
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ν˜μ‹ μ΄ 그닀지 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
08:16
Move ahead, take a 10-year perspective on the same company --
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 같은 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ„ 10λ…„ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면
08:20
suddenly, innovation and ability to renew account for 70 percent.
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ν˜μ‹ κ³Ό 재창쑰 λŠ₯λ ₯이 κ°‘μžκΈ° 70%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
But companies can't choose.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
They need to fund the journey and lead the long term.
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κ·Έ 여정을 μœ„ν•΄μ„  μžκΈˆμ„ λŒ€κ³  μž₯기적으둜 μ„ λ„ν•΄μ•Όν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:32
Third:
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μ„Έ 번째 κ΅ν›ˆμ€
08:34
invite talent.
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μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 인재 μ±„μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
I don't think it's possible for any of us
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μ €λŠ” 우리 쀑에 ν˜Όμžμ„œ 탐ꡬ와 이용 κ°„μ˜ κ· ν˜•μ„
08:38
to be able to balance exploration and exploitation by ourselves.
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맞좜 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
I think it's a team sport.
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이건 νŒ€ ν™œλ™μ΄μ—μš”.
08:44
I think we need to allow challenging.
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도전을 ν—ˆλ½ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
I think the mark of a great company is being open to be challenged,
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도전에 μ—΄λ €μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ˜ μ—¬λΆ€κ°€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ ν‘œμ‹μ΄κ³ 
08:53
and the mark of a good corporate board is to constructively challenge.
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건섀적인 도전이 쒋은 μ΄μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ ν‘œμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
I think that's also what good parenting is about.
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이게 쒋은 λΆ€λͺ¨μ—λ„ ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜λŠ” μ–˜κΈ°λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
Last one: be skeptical of success.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 성곡에 νšŒμ˜μ μ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
Maybe it's useful to think back at the old triumph marches in Rome,
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λ‘œλ§ˆμ‹œλŒ€μ— 있던 승리의 행진을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:12
when the generals, after a big victory,
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λŒ€μŠΉμ„ κ±°λ‘” μž₯ꡰ이
09:16
were given their celebration.
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μΆ•ν•˜λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ£ .
09:18
Riding into Rome on the carriage,
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λ§ˆμ°¨μ— νƒ€μ„œ λ‘œλ§ˆμ— μž…μ„±ν•  λ•Œ
09:21
they always had a companion whispering in their ear,
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κ·Έ μ˜†μ—λŠ” 항상 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ†μ‚­μ΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
"Remember, you're only human."
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"λ„ˆλŠ” 단지 인간에 λΆˆκ³Όν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μžŠμ§€λ§ˆ"
09:29
So I hope I made the point:
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μš”μ μ„ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄
09:32
balancing exploration and exploitation
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탐ꡬ와 이용이 κ· ν˜•μ„ μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 것이
09:35
has a huge payoff.
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큰 μ„±κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
But it's difficult, and we need to be conscious.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 μ–΄λ ΅κ³  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΉ¨μ–΄μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
I want to just point out two questions that I think are useful.
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μœ μš©ν•œ 질문 2개만 μ§šμ–΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
First question is, looking at your own company:
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μ²«μ§ΈλŠ”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό 보면
09:49
In which areas do you see that the company is at the risk
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μ–΄λ–€ λΆ„μ•Όκ°€ μ„±κ³΅μ˜ 함정에 λΉ μ§€κ±°λ‚˜
09:53
of falling into success traps,
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ν•˜λ˜ λŒ€λ‘œ ν• 
09:56
of just going on autopilot?
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μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν•΄μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
09:59
And what can you do to challenge?
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그리고 λ„μ „ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
10:03
Second question is:
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두 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
10:06
When did I explore something new last,
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κ°€μž₯ μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ‚΄κ°€ λ­”κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 νƒκ΅¬ν•œ 것이 μ–Έμ œμ˜€κ³ 
10:09
and what kind of effect did it have on me?
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그것이 λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ€€ 영ν–₯은 λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆλ‚˜?
10:12
Is that something I should do more of?
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λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 μ’€ 더 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ°€?
10:15
In my case, yes.
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제 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” "예"μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
10:18
So let me leave you with this.
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이 말씀을 λ“œλ¦¬κ³  끝내죠.
10:20
Whether you're an explorer by nature
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ νƒœμƒμ μœΌλ‘œ νƒν—˜κ°€λ“  μ•„λ‹ˆλ“ 
10:23
or whether you tend to exploit what you already know,
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이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆλ“  μ—†λ“ 
10:27
don't forget: the beauty is in the balance.
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μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. κ· ν˜•μ„ μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 게 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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