Tal Danino: We can use bacteria to detect cancer (and maybe treat it)

59,253 views ・ 2015-05-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: YERI OH κ²€ν† : Gichung Lee
00:12
You may not realize this,
0
12788
1745
μ•„λ§ˆ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  κ³„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
00:14
but there are more bacteria in your body than stars in our entire galaxy.
1
14533
4880
우리 λͺΈμ—λŠ” 온 우주의 별듀보닀 더 λ§Žμ€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
This fascinating universe of bacteria inside of us
2
20040
3127
우리 λͺΈ μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” 이 맀혹적인, λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‘œ 이루어진 μš°μ£ΌλŠ”
00:23
is an integral part of our health,
3
23167
2276
건강에 ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ λΆ€λΆ„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κ³ 
00:25
and our technology is evolving so rapidly
4
25443
2089
μΈκ°„μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ€ μ•„μ£Ό κΈ‰μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•΄μ„œ
00:27
that today we can program these bacteria like we program computers.
5
27532
4759
ν˜„λŒ€μ—λŠ” 이런 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ²˜λŸΌ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ° ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Now, the diagram that you see here,
6
33060
1879
자, μ§€κΈˆ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 이 λ‹€μ΄μ–΄κ·Έλž¨μ€
00:34
I know it looks like some kind of sports play,
7
34939
2531
무슨 슀포츠 경기처럼 λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
00:37
but it is actually a blueprint of the first bacterial program I developed.
8
37470
4156
사싀은 μ œκ°€ 처음으둜 κ°œλ°œν•œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ μ²­μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
And like writing software, we can print and write DNA
9
41626
3321
μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ DNA도 λ§Œλ“€κ³  좜λ ₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
into different algorithms and programs inside of bacteria.
10
44947
3227
λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ μ•ˆμ˜ 각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜κ³Ό ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μœΌλ‘œ 말이죠.
00:48
What this program does is produces fluorescent proteins
11
48824
2695
이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 ν˜•κ΄‘λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ 리듬에 맞좘 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μƒμ„±ν•΄μ„œ
00:51
in a rhythmic fashion
12
51519
1438
μž‘μ€ λΆ„μžλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
and generates a small molecule
13
52957
1602
μž‘μ€ λΆ„μžλ“€μ€
00:54
that allows bacteria to communicate and synchronize,
14
54559
2578
λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•˜κ³  λ™μ‘°ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
as you're seeing in this movie.
15
57137
1838
이 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
00:59
The growing colony of bacteria that you see here
16
59505
2280
보고계신 ν™•μž₯ 쀑인 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ꡰ집은
01:01
is about the width of a human hair.
17
61785
1993
인간 λͺ¨λ°œμ˜ 넓이 μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
Now, what you can't see is that our genetic program
18
63778
2507
자, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΄μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 우리의 μœ μ „ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄
01:06
instructs these bacteria to each produce small molecules,
19
66285
3483
이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ—κ²Œ 각각 μž‘μ€ λΆ„μžλ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λΌκ³  μ§€μ‹œν•˜κ³ 
01:09
and these molecules travel between the thousands of individual bacteria
20
69768
3413
이 λΆ„μžλ“€μ€ 수 천 개의 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€ 사이λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©΄μ„œ
01:13
telling them when to turn on and off.
21
73181
2716
μ–Έμ œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³  λ©ˆμΆœμ§€λ₯Ό λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
And the bacteria synchronize quite well at this scale,
22
75897
3251
이 ν¬κΈ°μ—μ„œλŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ΄ 동기화λ₯Ό 맀우 잘 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
but because the molecule that synchronizes them together can only travel so fast,
23
79148
3994
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이듀을 λ™κΈ°ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌλŠ” λΆ„μžλ“€μ€ μ•„μ£Ό 빨리 움직일 수 밖에 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:23
in larger colonies of bacteria, this results in traveling waves
24
83142
3576
더 큰 규λͺ¨μ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ κ΅°μ§‘μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” νŒŒλ™μ΄ μƒκΈ°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
between bacteria that are far away from each other,
25
86718
2902
멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆλŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ 사이λ₯Ό μ˜€κ°€λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
01:29
and you can see these waves going from right to left across the screen.
26
89620
3736
μ—¬κΈ° μŠ€ν¬λ¦°μ„ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ—μ„œ μ™Όμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄λŠ” νŒŒλ™μ΄ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ ?
01:33
Now, our genetic program relies on a natural phenomenon
27
93356
2788
자, 우리의 μœ μ „ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ μžμ—°μ μΈ ν˜„μƒμ— μ˜μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
called quorum sensing,
28
96144
1173
λ°”λ‘œ 쿼럼 μ„Όμ‹±μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±΄λ°μš”,
01:37
in which bacteria trigger coordinated and sometimes virulent behaviors
29
97317
3332
λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 밀도가 μœ„ν—˜μˆ˜μ€€μ— 이λ₯΄λ©΄
01:40
once they reach a critical density.
30
100649
2941
곡톡적이고 λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 행동을 ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
You can observe quorum sensing in action in this movie,
31
103590
2655
이 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ 쿼럼 센싱이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
where a growing colony of bacteria only begins to glow
32
106245
3642
λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ꡰ집이 λΉ›λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
once it reaches a high or critical density.
33
109887
2371
κ³ λ„λ‘œ ν˜Ήμ€ 치λͺ…μ μœΌλ‘œ 밀집도가 높아지고 λ‚˜λ©΄ 말이죠.
01:52
Our genetic program
34
112258
1842
μΈκ°„μ˜ μœ μ „μ  ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€
01:54
continues producing these rhythmic patterns of fluorescent proteins
35
114100
3151
κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 이런 λ¦¬λ“œλ―Έμ»¬ν•œ ν˜•κ΄‘λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
as the colony grows outwards.
36
117251
2368
λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ ꡰ집이 빛을 λ‚΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:59
This particular movie and experiment we call The Supernova,
37
119619
3691
특히 이 μ˜μƒκ³Ό μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 'μ΄ˆμ‹ μ„±'이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”λ°μš”,
02:03
because it looks like an exploding star.
38
123310
3030
ν­λ°œν•˜λŠ” λ³„μ²˜λŸΌ 보이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Now, besides programming these beautiful patterns,
39
126340
2390
자, 이 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ νŒ¨ν„΄λ“€μ„ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ° ν•˜λŠ” 것 이외에도
02:08
I wondered, what else can we get these bacteria to do?
40
128730
2591
μ €λŠ” 이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‘œ 또 뭘 ν•  수 μžˆμ„μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
And I decided to explore how we can program bacteria
41
131321
2579
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ 암같은 우리 λͺΈ μ†μ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘μ„
02:13
to detect and treat diseases in our bodies like cancer.
42
133900
2789
λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆμ„ 지λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
One of the surprising facts about bacteria
43
138009
2298
λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ†€λΌμš΄ 사싀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
02:20
is that they can naturally grow inside of tumors.
44
140307
3437
μ’…μ–‘ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ 양산이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
This happens because typically tumors
45
143744
1764
이것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” 보톡 μ’…μ–‘μ΄λž€
02:25
are areas where the immune system has no access,
46
145508
2415
면역체계가 μž‘μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 뢀뢄이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
and so bacteria find these tumors
47
147923
1997
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ€ 이런 쒅양을 μ°Ύμ•„μ„œ
02:29
and use them as a safe haven to grow and thrive.
48
149920
3831
λ²ˆμ‹ν•΄ λ‚˜κ°€κΈ°μ— μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ•ˆμ‹μ²˜λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
We started using probiotic bacteria
49
153751
1834
ν”„λ‘œλ°”μ΄μ˜€ν‹± λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” 건강에 도움을 μ£ΌλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μΈλ°
02:35
which are safe bacteria that have a health benefit,
50
155585
2624
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
02:38
and found that when orally delivered to mice,
51
158209
2461
μ₯μ—κ²Œ κ΅¬κ°•μœΌλ‘œ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:40
these probiotics would selectively grow inside of liver tumors.
52
160670
4156
간에 μžˆλŠ” μ’…μ–‘ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ„ λ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ²ˆμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
We realized that the most convenient way
53
164826
1954
ν”„λ‘œλ°”μ΄μ˜€ν‹±μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό λΆ€κ°μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
02:46
to highlight the presence of the probiotics,
54
166780
2081
λ”°λΌμ„œ μ’…μ–‘μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬λ„ λΆ€κ°μ‹œν‚€κ²Œν•˜λŠ”
02:48
and hence, the presence of the tumors,
55
168861
1863
κ°€μž₯ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•œ 방법은 이런 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ΄
02:50
was to get these bacteria to produce a signal
56
170724
2229
μ†Œλ³€μ—μ„œ 감지할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό
02:52
that would be detectable in the urine,
57
172953
2116
λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž„μ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
and so we specifically programmed these probiotics
58
175069
2412
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 ν”„λ‘œλ°”μ΄μ˜€ν‹±μ„ νŠΉμ •ν•˜κ²Œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°ν•΄μ„œ
02:57
to make a molecule that would change the color of your urine
59
177481
2879
μ†Œλ³€μ˜ 색을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” λΆ„μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λ©΄
03:00
to indicate the presence of cancer.
60
180360
2810
μ•”μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό 감지할 수 있게 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
We went on to show that this technology
61
183170
2010
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ 이 기술이
03:05
could sensitively and specifically detect liver cancer,
62
185180
3190
μ •λ°€ν•˜κ³  μ„ λ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 간암을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
one that is challenging to detect otherwise.
63
188370
2690
간암은 이 방법이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 정말 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Now, since these bacteria specifically localize to tumors,
64
191891
2999
자, 이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ΄ 특히 μ’…μ–‘ μ•ˆμ— 자리λ₯Ό 작기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:14
we've been programming them to not only detect cancer
65
194890
2588
암을 κ°μ§€ν•˜κ²Œλ§Œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
03:17
but also to treat cancer
66
197478
1788
μΉ˜λ£Œλ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
by producing therapeutic molecules from within the tumor environment
67
199266
3227
μ’…μ–‘ λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” λΆ„μžλ₯Ό μƒμ„±ν•΄μ„œ
03:22
that shrink the existing tumors,
68
202493
2322
있던 쒅양을 μ€„μ–΄λ“€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
and we've been doing this using quorum sensing programs
69
204815
2755
μ’€ 전에 λ³΄μ…¨λ˜ μ˜μƒμ— λ‚˜μ™”λ˜
03:27
like you saw in the previous movies.
70
207570
1843
λ°”λ‘œ 쿼럼 센싱을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:29
Altogether, imagine in the future taking a programmed probiotic
71
209413
3697
λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄, ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ° 된 ν”„λ‘œλ°”μ΄μ˜€ν‹±μœΌλ‘œ
03:33
that could detect and treat cancer,
72
213110
2479
암을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ”,
03:35
or even other diseases.
73
215589
2581
심지어 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€λ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 그런 미래λ₯Ό 상상해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:38
Our ability to program bacteria
74
218960
1644
λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것,
03:40
and program life
75
220604
1695
삢을 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ° ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은
03:42
opens up new horizons in cancer research,
76
222299
2949
μ•” μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 지평을 μ—΄μ–΄μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
and to share this vision, I worked with artist Vik Muniz
77
225248
2735
그리고 이 κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ, μ €λŠ” μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€ 비크 λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ¦ˆ(Vik Muniz)와 ν•¨κ»˜
03:47
to create the symbol of the universe,
78
227983
1816
우주의 상징을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
made entirely out of bacteria or cancer cells.
79
229799
3641
μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‚˜ μ•” μ„Έν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 우주죠.
03:53
Ultimately, my hope is that the beauty and purpose of this microscopic universe
80
233443
5202
결둠적으둜, μ œκ°€ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” 이 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ 우주의 아름닀움과 λͺ©μ μ΄
03:58
can inspire new and creative approaches for the future of cancer research.
81
238645
4899
미래 μ•” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘­κ³  창의적인 접근법에 λŒ€ν•œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Thank you.
82
243544
2624
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
(Applause)
83
246168
3766
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7