How we take back the internet | Edward Snowden

3,418,467 views ใƒป 2014-03-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Chris Anderson: The rights of citizens,
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—,
00:15
the future of the Internet.
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ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
00:17
So I would like to welcome to the TED stage
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืžืช TED
00:20
the man behind those revelations,
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ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืชื ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื,
00:23
Ed Snowden.
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ืื“ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ.
00:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
00:29
Ed is in a remote location somewhere in Russia
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ืื“ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”
00:33
controlling this bot from his laptop,
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ื•ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื•,
00:36
so he can see what the bot can see.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืจื•ืื”.
00:40
Ed, welcome to the TED stage.
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ืื“, ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ืืœ ื‘ื™ืžืช TED.
00:42
What can you see, as a matter of fact?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืื”?
00:45
Edward Snowden: Ha, I can see everyone.
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ืื“ื•ื•ืืจื“ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ: ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
00:47
This is amazing.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
00:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:53
CA: Ed, some questions for you.
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ื›.ื.: ืื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื™ืš.
00:56
You've been called many things
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ื–ื›ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:57
in the last few months.
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
00:59
You've been called a whistleblower, a traitor,
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ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชืš ืžืชืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืขืจ, ื‘ื•ื’ื“,
01:04
a hero.
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ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
01:05
What words would you describe yourself with?
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ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš?
01:09
ES: You know, everybody who is involved
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ื.ืก.: ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘
01:12
with this debate
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ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื–ื”
01:13
has been struggling over me and my personality
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ื ืื‘ืง ืขืœื™ื™ ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื™
01:16
and how to describe me.
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชื™. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™
01:19
But when I think about it,
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
01:21
this isn't the question that we should be struggling with.
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ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืื™ืชื•.
01:24
Who I am really doesn't matter at all.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช.
01:28
If I'm the worst person in the world,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ืจืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:30
you can hate me and move on.
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ืื– ืชืฉื ืื• ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืชืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืœืื”.
01:32
What really matters here are the issues.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
01:35
What really matters here is the kind of government we want,
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
01:38
the kind of Internet we want,
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
01:39
the kind of relationship between people
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
01:42
and societies.
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ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.
01:43
And that's what I'm hoping the debate will move towards,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื™ื ื•ืข,
01:46
and we've seen that increasing over time.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
01:48
If I had to describe myself,
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™
01:50
I wouldn't use words like "hero."
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ".
01:52
I wouldn't use "patriot," and I wouldn't use "traitor."
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘"ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜", ื•ืœื ื‘"ื‘ื•ื’ื“".
01:54
I'd say I'm an American and I'm a citizen,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื•ืื–ืจื—,
01:57
just like everyone else.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
01:59
CA: So just to give some context
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ื›.ื.: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ืฉืœื
02:01
for those who don't know the whole story --
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ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ --
02:03
(Applause) โ€”
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:07
this time a year ago, you were stationed in Hawaii
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™
02:11
working as a consultant to the NSA.
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ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœ-NSA.
02:14
As a sysadmin, you had access
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ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืš
02:16
to their systems,
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:18
and you began revealing certain classified documents
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
02:23
to some handpicked journalists
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ืœื›ืžื” ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•
02:26
leading the way to June's revelations.
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ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™.
02:27
Now, what propelled you to do this?
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ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ?
02:33
ES: You know,
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ื.ืก.: ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™,
02:36
when I was sitting in Hawaii,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™
02:38
and the years before, when I was working in the intelligence community,
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02:40
I saw a lot of things that had disturbed me.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื™.
02:44
We do a lot of good things in the intelligence community,
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ,
02:47
things that need to be done,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชื,
02:49
and things that help everyone.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื.
02:51
But there are also things that go too far.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื.
02:53
There are things that shouldn't be done,
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
02:55
and decisions that were being made in secret
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉืื™
02:58
without the public's awareness,
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ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
02:59
without the public's consent,
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ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
03:01
and without even our representatives in government
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ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”
03:04
having knowledge of these programs.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
03:08
When I really came to struggle with these issues,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
03:12
I thought to myself,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ื›ืœ
03:14
how can I do this in the most responsible way,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืื™ืช,
03:17
that maximizes the public benefit
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ืฉืชืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
03:20
while minimizing the risks?
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ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžื™ื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื?
03:23
And out of all the solutions that I could come up with,
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
03:26
out of going to Congress,
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงื•ื ื’ืจืก,
03:28
when there were no laws,
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ืฉืฉื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
03:29
there were no legal protections
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช
03:31
for a private employee,
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ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžืื™,
03:33
a contractor in intelligence like myself,
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ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
03:36
there was a risk that I would be buried along with the information
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
03:40
and the public would never find out.
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ื•ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื™ื“ืข.
03:42
But the First Amendment of the United States Constitution
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืงืช ืืจื”"ื‘
03:45
guarantees us a free press for a reason,
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ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
03:48
and that's to enable an adversarial press,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช,
03:52
to challenge the government,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
03:53
but also to work together with the government,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
03:56
to have a dialogue and debate about how we can
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“
03:58
inform the public about matters of vital importance
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”
04:04
without putting our national security at risk.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:07
And by working with journalists,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื,
04:09
by giving all of my information
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™
04:11
back to the American people,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
04:13
rather than trusting myself to make
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™
04:15
the decisions about publication,
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ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจืกื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
04:18
we've had a robust debate
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื
04:20
with a deep investment by the government
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ืขื ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
04:23
that I think has resulted in a benefit for everyone.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœื›ื•ืœื.
04:28
And the risks that have been threatened,
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ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืžืคื ื™ื”ืŸ,
04:32
the risks that have been played up
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ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืขืœืชื”
04:34
by the government
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ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ,
04:36
have never materialized.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•.
04:37
We've never seen any evidence
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”
04:39
of even a single instance of specific harm,
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ืœืืคื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™,
04:43
and because of that,
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ื•ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•,
04:44
I'm comfortable with the decisions that I made.
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ืื ื™ ืฉืœื ืขื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™.
04:46
CA: So let me show the audience
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ื›.ื.: ื›ืขืช ืืจืื” ืœืงื”ืœ
04:49
a couple of examples of what you revealed.
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ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืช.
04:51
If we could have a slide up, and Ed,
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ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช,
04:53
I don't know whether you can see,
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ืื“, ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื”,
04:55
the slides are here.
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ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
04:56
This is a slide of the PRISM program,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช PRISM,
04:58
and maybe you could tell the audience
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืงื”ืœ
05:01
what that was that was revealed.
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ืžื” ื’ื™ืœื™ืช.
05:03
ES: The best way to understand PRISM,
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ื.ืก.: ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช PRISM,
05:06
because there's been a little bit of controversy,
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช,
05:07
is to first talk about what PRISM isn't.
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ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” PRISM ืื™ื ื ื”.
05:11
Much of the debate in the U.S. has been about metadata.
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
05:14
They've said it's just metadata, it's just metadata,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
05:16
and they're talking about a specific legal authority
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ื•ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช
05:19
called Section 215 of the Patriot Act.
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ืฉืฉืžื” ืกืขื™ืฃ 215 ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื–ื.
05:22
That allows sort of a warrantless wiretapping,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฆื™ืชื•ืชื™ื ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ,
05:25
mass surveillance of the entire country's
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ืกืจื™ืงื” ื’ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื
05:27
phone records, things like that --
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื --
05:30
who you're talking to,
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ืขื ืžื™ ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ,
05:31
when you're talking to them,
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ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื,
05:33
where you traveled.
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ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืกืขืช.
05:34
These are all metadata events.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
05:37
PRISM is about content.
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PRISM ื–ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
05:40
It's a program through which the government could
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
05:42
compel corporate America,
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ืœืืœืฅ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื,
05:44
it could deputize corporate America
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
05:48
to do its dirty work for the NSA.
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”-NSA.
05:51
And even though some of these companies did resist,
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ื•ื’ื ืื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•,
05:54
even though some of them --
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ื’ื ืื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื -- ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
05:56
I believe Yahoo was one of them โ€”
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ืฉ-Yahoo ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ื --
05:57
challenged them in court, they all lost,
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ืชื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•,
06:00
because it was never tried by an open court.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคืชื•ื—.
06:03
They were only tried by a secret court.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜ ื—ืฉืื™.
06:06
And something that we've seen,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื•,
06:07
something about the PRISM program that's very concerning to me is,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”-PRISM ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™,
06:10
there's been a talking point in the U.S. government
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ
06:12
where they've said 15 federal judges
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ-15 ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืคื“ืจืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
06:16
have reviewed these programs and found them to be lawful,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช,
06:18
but what they don't tell you
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื•
06:21
is those are secret judges
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ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื—ืฉืื™ื™ื
06:24
in a secret court
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜ ื—ืฉืื™
06:26
based on secret interpretations of law
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ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง
06:29
that's considered 34,000 warrant requests
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ืฉื“ื ื• ืœืคื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-34,000 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ื™ื
06:33
over 33 years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 33 ืฉื ื”,
06:35
and in 33 years only rejected
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ื•ื‘-33 ืฉื ื” ื ื“ื—ื• ืขืœ-ืคื™
06:38
11 government requests.
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ืื•ืชื” ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืจืง 11 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
06:41
These aren't the people that we want deciding
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ืืœื” ืœื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
06:43
what the role of corporate America
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ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
06:45
in a free and open Internet should be.
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ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืคืชื•ื—.
06:48
CA: Now, this slide that we're showing here
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ื›.ื.: ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ
06:50
shows the dates in which
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ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื
06:52
different technology companies, Internet companies,
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
06:55
are alleged to have joined the program,
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ื”ื•ืืฉืžื• ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
06:57
and where data collection began from them.
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ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ.
07:00
Now, they have denied collaborating with the NSA.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื• ืฉืฉื™ืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื NSA.
07:05
How was that data collected by the NSA?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”-NSA?
07:10
ES: Right. So the NSA's own slides
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ื.ืก.: ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ NSA ืขืฆืžื”
07:13
refer to it as direct access.
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ืžืชื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”.
07:16
What that means to an actual NSA analyst,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ื”-NSA ืฉืžื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
07:19
someone like me who was working as an intelligence analyst
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™,
07:22
targeting, Chinese cyber-hackers,
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ืฉื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื,
07:24
things like that, in Hawaii,
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ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™,
07:26
is the provenance of that data
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
07:28
is directly from their servers.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
07:30
It doesn't mean
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
07:32
that there's a group of company representatives
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ืฉื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
07:35
sitting in a smoky room with the NSA
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ืขืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”-NSA,
07:38
palling around and making back-room deals
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ืžืกืชื—ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ืจื•ืงืžื™ื ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช
07:40
about how they're going to give this stuff away.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.
07:42
Now each company handles it different ways.
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ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื”.
07:44
Some are responsible.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
07:46
Some are somewhat less responsible.
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ื—ืœืงืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช.
07:48
But the bottom line is, when we talk about
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื,
07:49
how this information is given,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืžืกืจ,
07:53
it's coming from the companies themselves.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ.
07:55
It's not stolen from the lines.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืฉื“ื“ ืžื”ืŸ.
07:58
But there's an important thing to remember here:
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘:
08:00
even though companies pushed back,
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ื’ื ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”,
08:02
even though companies demanded,
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ื’ื ืื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืฉื•
08:04
hey, let's do this through a warrant process,
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื,
08:06
let's do this
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš
08:08
where we actually have some sort of legal review,
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื
08:11
some sort of basis for handing over
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ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืžืกื™ืจืช
08:13
these users' data,
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
08:15
we saw stories in the Washington Post last year
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜
08:17
that weren't as well reported as the PRISM story
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”-PRISM,
08:20
that said the NSA broke in
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ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ื”-NSA ืคืจืฅ
08:23
to the data center communications
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ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
08:25
between Google to itself
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”
08:27
and Yahoo to itself.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืื”ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”.
08:29
So even these companies that are cooperating
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืชืคื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื”
08:31
in at least a compelled but hopefully lawful manner
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ืขื NSA ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื•ืœืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช
08:34
with the NSA,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืงื™,
08:36
the NSA isn't satisfied with that,
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ื”-NSA ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•,
08:39
and because of that, we need our companies
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
08:41
to work very hard
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ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืชืืžืฆื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—
08:44
to guarantee that they're going to represent
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
08:47
the interests of the user, and also advocate
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื•ืฉื’ื ืžืกื ื’ืจื•ืช
08:49
for the rights of the users.
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ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
08:51
And I think over the last year,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
08:52
we've seen the companies that are named
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื
08:54
on the PRISM slides
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ืขืœ ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”-PRISM,
08:55
take great strides to do that,
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ื ื•ืงื˜ื•ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ,
08:57
and I encourage them to continue.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื›ืš.
09:00
CA: What more should they do?
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ื›.ื.: ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
09:02
ES: The biggest thing that an Internet company
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ื.ืก.: ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
09:06
in America can do today, right now,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:09
without consulting with lawyers,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ื‘ืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ,
09:10
to protect the rights of users worldwide,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
09:14
is to enable SSL web encryption
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ื–ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืฆืคื ืช SSL ื‘ืจืฉืช
09:19
on every page you visit.
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ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื•.
09:21
The reason this matters is today,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื,
09:24
if you go to look at a copy of "1984" on Amazon.com,
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ืื ืชืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ "1984" ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืื–ื•ืŸ,
09:29
the NSA can see a record of that,
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ื”-NSA ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
09:32
the Russian intelligence service can see a record of that,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
09:34
the Chinese service can see a record of that,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
09:37
the French service, the German service,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™, ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™,
09:39
the services of Andorra.
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ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ื“ื•ืจื”.
09:40
They can all see it because it's unencrypted.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืคืŸ.
09:43
The world's library is Amazon.com,
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ืืžืื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
09:47
but not only do they not support encryption by default,
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ืื™ื ืŸ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฆืคื ื” ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช-ืžื—ื“ืœ,
09:49
you cannot choose to use encryption
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ืืœื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืฆืคื ื”
09:52
when browsing through books.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืคื“ืคื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื.
09:53
This is something that we need to change,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
09:55
not just for Amazon, I don't mean to single them out,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืžืื–ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ื,
09:57
but they're a great example.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
09:58
All companies need to move
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
10:00
to an encrypted browsing habit by default
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ืœื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช-ืžื—ื“ืœ
10:03
for all users who haven't taken any action
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื—ืจื•
10:06
or picked any special methods on their own.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื.
10:08
That'll increase the privacy and the rights
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
10:10
that people enjoy worldwide.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:13
CA: Ed, come with me to this part of the stage.
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ื›.ื.: ืื“, ืชื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
10:16
I want to show you the next slide here. (Applause)
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืš ืืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื‘ืื”.
10:19
This is a program called Boundless Informant.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช 'ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื—ืกืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช'.
10:21
What is that?
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ืžื” ื–ื”?
10:23
ES: So, I've got to give credit to the NSA
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ื.ืก.: ืขืœื™ื™ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ืœ-NSA
10:25
for using appropriate names on this.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขื ืงืช ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช ืœื–ื”.
10:28
This is one of my favorite NSA cryptonyms.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ NSA ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™:
10:31
Boundless Informant
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ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื—ืกืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
10:33
is a program that the NSA hid from Congress.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”-NSA ื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืžื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
10:36
The NSA was previously asked by Congress,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”-NSA ื ืฉืืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก,
10:38
was there any ability that they had
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
10:40
to even give a rough ballpark estimate
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ืœืชืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื’ืก ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช
10:44
of the amount of American communications
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
10:46
that were being intercepted.
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ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืจื˜ื™ื. ื”ื ืขื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ืœื”.
10:49
They said no. They said, we don't track those stats,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช,
10:52
and we can't track those stats.
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ื•ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื˜ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
10:53
We can't tell you how many communications
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ
10:56
we're intercepting around the world,
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ื›ืžื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
10:58
because to tell you that would be
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ื›ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ืœื”ื ืชื”ื™ื”
10:59
to invade your privacy.
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ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:02
Now, I really appreciate that sentiment from them,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
11:05
but the reality, when you look at this slide is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
11:07
not only do they have the capability,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช,
11:08
the capability already exists.
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ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ืฉืžืช.
11:11
It's already in place.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
11:13
The NSA has its own internal data format
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ืœ-NSA ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืžืฉืœื• ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื
11:16
that tracks both ends of a communication,
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ื”ืžืืชืจ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
11:20
and if it says,
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ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ
11:21
this communication came from America,
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ืฉืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืืžืจื™ืงื”,
11:23
they can tell Congress how many of those communications
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื›ืžื” ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช
11:26
they have today, right now.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
11:28
And what Boundless Informant tells us
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ื•ืžื” ืฉ'ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช' ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื•
11:31
is more communications are being intercepted
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
11:34
in America about Americans
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ืžื™ื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
11:37
than there are in Russia about Russians.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
11:40
I'm not sure that's what an intelligence agency
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ืื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
11:42
should be aiming for.
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ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ.
11:44
CA: Ed, there was a story broken in the Washington Post,
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ื›.ื.: ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜,
11:47
again from your data.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš.
11:49
The headline says,
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืืžืจื”,
11:50
"NSA broke privacy rules
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"NSA ืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœ
11:52
thousands of times per year."
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ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”."
11:54
Tell us about that.
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš.
11:55
ES: We also heard in Congressional testimony last year,
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ื.ืก.: ืื ื• ื’ื ืฉืžืขื ื• ื‘ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
11:58
it was an amazing thing for someone like me
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื
12:00
who came from the NSA
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”-NSA
12:02
and who's seen the actual internal documents,
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ื•ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
12:04
knows what's in them,
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ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื,
12:07
to see officials testifying under oath
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ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
12:09
that there had been no abuses,
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืจืขื”,
12:11
that there had been no violations of the NSA's rules,
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”-NSA,
12:15
when we knew this story was coming.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
12:18
But what's especially interesting about this,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”,
12:20
about the fact that the NSA has violated
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”-NSA ื”ืคืจ
12:22
their own rules, their own laws
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ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื•,
12:24
thousands of times in a single year,
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ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช,
12:27
including one event by itself,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“,
12:30
one event out of those 2,776,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”-2,776 ื”ืœืœื•,
12:35
that affected more than 3,000 people.
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ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-3,000 ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
12:37
In another event, they intercepted
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื
12:39
all the calls in Washington, D.C., by accident.
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ื™ื™ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ.
12:43
What's amazing about this,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื“ื•"ื— ื–ื”,
12:45
this report, that didn't get that much attention,
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ื•ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื”,
12:47
is the fact that not only were there 2,776 abuses,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื• 2,776 ื”ืคืจื•ืช,
12:52
the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee,
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ืืœื ืฉื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื ืื˜,
12:54
Dianne Feinstein, had not seen this report
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ื“ื™ืืŸ ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื•"ื— ื–ื”
12:58
until the Washington Post contacted her
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™ื” ืžื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜
13:02
asking for comment on the report.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœื“ื•"ื—.
13:04
And she then requested a copy from the NSA
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืขื•ืชืง ืž-NSA
13:06
and received it,
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื•ืชื•,
13:08
but had never seen this before that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ื“ื•"ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
13:10
What does that say about the state of oversight
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—
13:12
in American intelligence
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
13:14
when the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ
13:16
has no idea that the rules are being broken
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ื‘ืกื ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง
13:19
thousands of times every year?
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ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”?
13:21
CA: Ed, one response to this whole debate is this:
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ื›.ื.: ืื—ืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
13:24
Why should we care about
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืื›ืคืช
13:27
all this surveillance, honestly?
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื?
13:29
I mean, look, if you've done nothing wrong,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืœื ืขืฉื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืข,
13:31
you've got nothing to worry about.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื” ืœื“ืื•ื’.
13:34
What's wrong with that point of view?
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ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื–ื•?
13:36
ES: Well, so the first thing is,
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ื.ืก.: ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ
13:37
you're giving up your rights.
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ืืชื” ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ืš.
13:39
You're saying hey, you know,
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ืืชื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข
13:41
I don't think I'm going to need them,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื–ื“ืงืง ืœื”ืŸ,
13:43
so I'm just going to trust that, you know,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื–ื”
13:45
let's get rid of them, it doesn't really matter,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
13:48
these guys are going to do the right thing.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
13:50
Your rights matter
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
13:51
because you never know when you're going to need them.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืชื™ ืชื–ื“ืงืง ืœื”ืŸ.
13:54
Beyond that, it's a part of our cultural identity,
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ื”, ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
13:57
not just in America,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
13:59
but in Western societies
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ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช
14:00
and in democratic societies around the world.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
14:03
People should be able to pick up the phone
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
14:06
and to call their family,
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
14:07
people should be able to send a text message
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื—
14:09
to their loved ones,
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ืžืกืจื•ืŸ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื”ื,
14:10
people should be able to buy a book online,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
14:13
they should be able to travel by train,
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ืœืงื ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช,
14:14
they should be able to buy an airline ticket
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ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืกื”
14:17
without wondering about how these events
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
14:18
are going to look to an agent of the government,
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ื™ื™ืจืื• ืœืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื•
14:22
possibly not even your government
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ืœื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœืš,
14:25
years in the future,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
14:26
how they're going to be misinterpreted
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื™ืคืจืฉื• ืฉืœื ื›ื”ืœื›ื”
14:28
and what they're going to think your intentions were.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš.
14:31
We have a right to privacy.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
14:33
We require warrants to be based on probable cause
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ืื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ืกืกื• ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
14:37
or some kind of individualized suspicion
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ืื• ืขืœ ื—ืฉื“ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื”ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ืื“ื
14:39
because we recognize that trusting anybody,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“,
14:44
any government authority,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืช,
14:45
with the entirety of human communications
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื•ืจืฃ,
14:48
in secret and without oversight
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ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื•ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื—,
14:51
is simply too great a temptation to be ignored.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื”.
14:56
CA: Some people are furious at what you've done.
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ื›.ื.: ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืขืกื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืช.
14:58
I heard a quote recently from Dick Cheney
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืง ืฆ'ื™ื™ื ื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
15:01
who said that Julian Assange was a flea bite,
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ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืกืื ื’' ื”ื™ื” ืขืงื™ืฆืช ืคืจืขื•ืฉ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื“ื•ื•ืืจื“ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ
15:07
Edward Snowden is the lion that bit the head off the dog.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืืจื™ื” ืฉื ืฉืš ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ืœื›ืœื‘.
15:10
He thinks you've committed
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ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืช
15:12
one of the worst acts of betrayal
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ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ
15:14
in American history.
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ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
15:16
What would you say to people who think that?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืš?
15:22
ES: Dick Cheney's really something else.
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ื.ืก.: ื“ื™ืง ืฆ'ื™ื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
15:25
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:32
Thank you. (Laughter)
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ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:37
I think it's amazing, because at the time
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
15:39
Julian Assange was doing some of his greatest work,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืกืื ื’' ืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
15:43
Dick Cheney was saying
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ื“ื™ืง ืฆ'ื™ื™ื ื™ ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ
15:45
he was going to end governments worldwide,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ืชื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
15:47
the skies were going to ignite
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ
15:50
and the seas were going to boil off,
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ื•ืฉืžื™-ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืชื•ื— ื•ืœื”ืชื ื“ืฃ,
15:52
and now he's saying it's a flea bite.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืขืงื™ืฆืช ืคืจืขื•ืฉ.
15:54
So we should be suspicious about the same sort of
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื“ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข
15:57
overblown claims of damage to national security
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ืœื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
16:01
from these kind of officials.
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ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื›ืืœื”.
16:03
But let's assume that these people really believe this.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
16:09
I would argue that they have kind of
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ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
16:12
a narrow conception of national security.
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ืžื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™.
16:16
The prerogatives of people like Dick Cheney
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ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืง ืฆ'ื™ื™ื ื™
16:19
do not keep the nation safe.
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ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
16:22
The public interest is not always the same
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื”ื”
16:26
as the national interest.
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ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
16:29
Going to war with people who are not our enemy
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ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื ื•
16:33
in places that are not a threat
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ื•ื,
16:35
doesn't make us safe,
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ืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื,
16:37
and that applies whether it's in Iraq
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจืง
16:39
or on the Internet.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
16:41
The Internet is not the enemy.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืื•ื™ื‘.
16:42
Our economy is not the enemy.
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ื›ืœื›ืœืชื ื• ืื™ื ื” ื”ืื•ื™ื‘.
16:44
American businesses, Chinese businesses,
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ืขืกืงื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื, ืขืกืงื™ื ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื,
16:47
and any other company out there
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ื•ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื, ื”ื ื—ืœืง
16:51
is a part of our society.
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ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
16:54
It's a part of our interconnected world.
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ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
16:56
There are ties of fraternity that bond us together,
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ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจื™ ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื—ื“,
17:00
and if we destroy these bonds
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื”
17:03
by undermining the standards, the security,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
17:06
the manner of behavior,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช,
17:09
that nations and citizens all around the world
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ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
17:12
expect us to abide by.
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ืžืฆืคื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ-ืคื™ื”ืŸ.
17:14
CA: But it's alleged that you've stolen
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ื›.ื.: ืื‘ืœ ืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืฉื’ื ื‘ืช 1.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื.
17:18
1.7 million documents.
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ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืจืง
17:20
It seems only a few hundred of them
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ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ื
17:22
have been shared with journalists so far.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื”.
17:25
Are there more revelations to come?
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ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื?
17:28
ES: There are absolutely more revelations to come.
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ื.ืก.: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
17:30
I don't think there's any question
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ืื™ื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืืœื”
17:33
that some of the most important reporting
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ืฉื›ืžื” ืžื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
17:37
to be done is yet to come.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืชืŸ.
17:42
CA: Come here, because I want to ask you
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ื›.ื.: ื‘ื•ื ืœื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชืš
17:44
about this particular revelation.
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ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื”.
17:46
Come and take a look at this.
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ื‘ื•ื ื•ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
17:49
I mean, this is a story which I think for a lot of the techies in this room
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ
17:52
is the single most shocking thing
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœ
17:54
that they have heard in the last few months.
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ืฉื”ื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
17:56
It's about a program called "Bullrun."
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช "Bullrun".
17:59
Can you explain what that is?
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื–ื”?
18:02
ES: So Bullrun, and this is again
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Bullrun, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ื‘
18:04
where we've got to thank the NSA for their candor,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœ-NSA ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
18:11
this is a program named after a Civil War battle.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
18:16
The British counterpart is called Edgehill,
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ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื• ื ืงืจื Edgehill,
18:17
which is a U.K. civil war battle.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
18:19
And the reason that I believe they're named this way
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื›ื›ื”
18:21
is because they target our own infrastructure.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฆืžื”.
18:25
They're programs through which the NSA
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื›ืŸ ื”-NSA
18:27
intentionally misleads corporate partners.
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ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืฉื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื•.
18:31
They tell corporate partners that these
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื
18:33
are safe standards.
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ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ืชืงื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.
18:35
They say hey, we need to work with you
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืชืจืื•, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
18:37
to secure your systems,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืžื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
18:41
but in reality, they're giving bad advice
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืช ืื—ื™ืชื•ืคืœ
18:44
to these companies that makes them
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช
18:45
degrade the security of their services.
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ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ.
18:47
They're building in backdoors that not only
429
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ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ืจืง
18:50
the NSA can exploit,
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ื”-NSA ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ,
18:52
but anyone else who has time and money
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ืืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืกืฃ
18:55
to research and find it
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœืืชืจ ืื•ืชืŸ
18:57
can then use to let themselves in
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ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื”
18:59
to the world's communications.
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ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช.
19:01
And this is really dangerous,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
19:03
because if we lose a single standard,
436
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ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืงืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“,
19:07
if we lose the trust of something like SSL,
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ืื ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• SSL,
19:10
which was specifically targeted
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™
19:11
by the Bullrun program,
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”-Bullrun,
19:13
we will live a less safe world overall.
440
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ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.
19:16
We won't be able to access our banks
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ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื’ืฉืช
19:18
and we won't be able to access commerce
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ืœื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžืกื—ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’
19:23
without worrying about people monitoring those communications
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
19:26
or subverting them for their own ends.
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ืฉื™ืกื™ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
19:28
CA: And do those same decisions also potentially
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ื›.ื.: ื•ื”ืื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช
19:32
open America up to cyberattacks
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ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ
19:35
from other sources?
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ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื?
19:39
ES: Absolutely.
448
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ื.ืก.: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ืŸ.
19:41
One of the problems,
449
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ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
19:43
one of the dangerous legacies
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช
19:46
that we've seen in the post-9/11 era,
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ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”-11/9,
19:49
is that the NSA has traditionally worn two hats.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช NSA ื—ื•ื‘ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
19:54
They've been in charge of offensive operations,
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ื”ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืงืคื™ื•ืช,
19:56
that is hacking,
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ืฉื–ื” ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
19:57
but they've also been in charge of defensive operations,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื ืชื™ื•ืช,
19:59
and traditionally they've always prioritized
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ื•ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•
20:02
defense over offense
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ-ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืงืคื”
20:03
based on the principle
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ
20:05
that American secrets are simply worth more.
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ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
20:07
If we hack a Chinese business
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ืื ืื ื• ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช
20:10
and steal their secrets,
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ื•ื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”,
20:11
if we hack a government office in Berlin
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ืื ืื ื• ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ
20:13
and steal their secrets,
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ื•ื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
20:15
that has less value to the American people
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
20:19
than making sure that the Chinese
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืกื™ื ื™ื
20:21
can't get access to our secrets.
466
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ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
20:24
So by reducing the security of our communications,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
20:28
they're not only putting the world at risk,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื,
20:30
they're putting America at risk in a fundamental way,
469
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ืืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœืืจื”"ื‘,
20:32
because intellectual property is the basis,
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ื›ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก,
20:35
the foundation of our economy,
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ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืชื ื•,
20:37
and if we put that at risk through weak security,
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
20:39
we're going to be paying for it for years.
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ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
20:41
CA: But they've made a calculation
474
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ื›.ื.: ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื•
20:42
that it was worth doing this
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”
20:44
as part of America's defense against terrorism.
476
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
20:48
Surely that makes it a price worth paying.
477
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ืื– ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื.
20:51
ES: Well, when you look at the results
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ื.ืก.: ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
20:55
of these programs in stopping terrorism,
479
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ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
20:58
you will see that that's unfounded,
480
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“,
21:01
and you don't have to take my word for it,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื™,
21:03
because we've had the first open court,
482
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ -- ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™
21:07
the first federal court that's reviewed this,
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ืฉื‘ื—ืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
21:09
outside the secrecy arrangement,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช,
21:12
called these programs Orwellian
485
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ื›ื™ื ื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื•ืจื•ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืช
21:14
and likely unconstitutional.
486
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ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืงืชื™ื•ืช.
21:16
Congress, who has access
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ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก, ืฉืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื
21:19
to be briefed on these things,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื”,
21:21
and now has the desire to be,
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ,
21:23
has produced bills to reform it,
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ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
21:26
and two independent White House panels
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ
21:29
who reviewed all of the classified evidence
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ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช
21:31
said these programs have never stopped
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ืืžืจื• ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื ืขื•
21:34
a single terrorist attack
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื•ืœืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืื—ืช
21:35
that was imminent in the United States.
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ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
21:39
So is it really terrorism that we're stopping?
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ืื– ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ื ืขื™ื?
21:42
Do these programs have any value at all?
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ื”ืื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขืจืš?
21:44
I say no, and all three branches
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื, ื•ื’ื ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช
21:47
of the American government say no as well.
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ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื.
21:49
CA: I mean, do you think there's a deeper motivation
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ื›.ื.: ื”ืื ืืชื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ
21:51
for them than the war against terrorism?
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ืžื ื™ืข ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืฆืœื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ?
21:54
ES: I'm sorry, I couldn't hear you, say again?
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ื.ืก.: ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชืš.
21:56
CA: Sorry. Do you think there's a deeper motivation
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ื›.ื.: ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชืš ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ืข ืขืžื•ืง ืื—ืจ
21:59
for them other than the war against terrorism?
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ืืฆืœื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจ?
22:02
ES: Yeah. The bottom line is that terrorism
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ื.ืก.: ื›ืŸ. ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ
22:05
has always been what we in the intelligence world
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื•
22:07
would call a cover for action.
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ื‘ืงื”ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืงืจืื ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
22:11
Terrorism is something that provokes
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ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ
22:13
an emotional response that allows people
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื
22:15
to rationalize authorizing powers and programs
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ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืชืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช
22:19
that they wouldn't give otherwise.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืœืžืœื ื›ืŸ.
22:22
The Bullrun and Edgehill-type programs,
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”-Bullrun ื•ื”-Edgehill,
22:24
the NSA asked for these authorities
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ืฉื”-NSA ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืืฉืจ
22:26
back in the 1990s.
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ืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90.
22:28
They asked the FBI to go to Congress and make the case.
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžื”-FBI ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
22:31
The FBI went to Congress and did make the case.
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ื”-FBI ืื›ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืœืงื•ื ื’ืจืก,
22:33
But Congress and the American people said no.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื•ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืืžืจื• ืœื.
22:35
They said, it's not worth the risk to our economy.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”.
22:38
They said it's worth too much damage
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ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื ื–ืง
22:40
to our society to justify the gains.
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช.
22:43
But what we saw is, in the post-9/11 era,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”-11/9,
22:47
they used secrecy and they used the justification of terrorism
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ื”ื ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง
22:50
to start these programs in secret
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ืื™ืชื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื—ืฉืื™
22:52
without asking Congress,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก,
22:54
without asking the American people,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
22:56
and it's that kind of government behind closed doors
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืžืฉืœ ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช
22:59
that we need to guard ourselves against,
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืคื ื™ื•,
23:01
because it makes us less safe,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ื•
23:02
and it offers no value.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืชืช ืชืžื•ืจื”.
23:04
CA: Okay, come with me here for a sec,
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ื›.ื.: ืชื‘ื•ื ืจื’ืข ืœื›ืืŸ,
23:06
because I've got a more personal question for you.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืœื™ืš.
23:08
Speaking of terror,
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ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
23:11
most people would find the situation you're in right now
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
23:15
in Russia pretty terrifying.
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ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
23:19
You obviously heard what happened,
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ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืžืขืช ืžื” ืงืจื”,
23:22
what the treatment that Bradley Manning got,
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ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื—ืก ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืื“ืœื™ ืžืื ื™ื ื’,
23:24
Chelsea Manning as now is,
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ืฆ'ืœืกื™ ืžืื ื™ื ื’ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืขืช,
23:27
and there was a story in Buzzfeed saying that
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘-Buzzfeed ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื
23:29
there are people in the intelligence community
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ื‘ืงื”ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ
23:31
who want you dead.
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืชืš.
23:33
How are you coping with this?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”?
23:35
How are you coping with the fear?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืคื—ื“?
23:37
ES: It's no mystery
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ื.ืก.: ื–ื” ืœื ืกื•ื“
23:40
that there are governments out there that want to see me dead.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืจื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืชื™.
23:46
I've made clear again and again and again
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ื”ื‘ื”ืจืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
23:49
that I go to sleep every morning
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ
23:52
thinking about what I can do for the American people.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
23:57
I don't want to harm my government.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื™.
24:00
I want to help my government,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื™,
24:03
but the fact that they are willing to
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื
24:07
completely ignore due process,
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ืื•ืชื™ื,
24:09
they're willing to declare guilt
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืฉืžื”
24:12
without ever seeing a trial,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืฉืคื˜,
24:15
these are things that we need to work against
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ื
24:18
as a society, and say hey, this is not appropriate.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ื.
24:21
We shouldn't be threatening dissidents.
556
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ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื•.
24:23
We shouldn't be criminalizing journalism.
557
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ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
24:26
And whatever part I can do to see that end,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช,
24:30
I'm happy to do despite the risks.
559
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช.
24:33
CA: So I'd actually like to get some feedback
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ื›.ื.: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช
24:34
from the audience here,
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ืžื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ืืŸ,
24:35
because I know there's widely differing reactions
562
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
24:38
to Edward Snowden.
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ื›ืœืคื™ ืกื ื•ื“ืŸ.
24:39
Suppose you had the following two choices, right?
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:
24:42
You could view what he did
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื”
24:45
as fundamentally a reckless act
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ื—ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•
24:46
that has endangered America
567
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ืฉืกื™ื›ืŸ ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘,
24:50
or you could view it as fundamentally a heroic act
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•
24:53
that will work towards America and the world's
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ืฉื™ืคืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
24:57
long-term good?
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.
24:58
Those are the two choices I'll give you.
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื›ื.
25:01
I'm curious to see who's willing to vote with
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ืื ื™ ืกืงืจืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“
25:04
the first of those,
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
25:05
that this was a reckless act?
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ื”ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
25:08
There are some hands going up.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจืžื•ืช.
25:10
Some hands going up.
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ืขื•ื“ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจืžื•ืช.
25:11
It's hard to put your hand up
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“
25:13
when the man is standing right here,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืืŸ,
25:15
but I see them.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื.
25:16
ES: I can see you. (Laughter)
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ื.ืก.: ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืชื›ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
25:19
CA: And who goes with the second choice,
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ื›.ื.: ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
25:21
the fundamentally heroic act?
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ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื”?
25:23
(Applause) (Cheers)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื) (ืชืจื•ืขื•ืช)
25:26
And I think it's true to say that there are a lot of people
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”
25:28
who didn't show a hand and I think
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ืฉืœื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™
25:31
are still thinking this through,
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ืฉื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
25:32
because it seems to me that the debate around you
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ื›ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ืš ืœื ื ื—ืœืง
25:36
doesn't split along traditional political lines.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช.
25:39
It's not left or right, it's not really about
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืžืืœ ืื• ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื
25:41
pro-government, libertarian, or not just that.
590
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ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ, ืœื™ื‘ืจื˜ืจื™ืื ื™, ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”.
25:45
Part of it is almost a generational issue.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
25:48
You're part of a generation that grew up
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ืืชื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื’ื“ืœ
25:50
with the Internet, and it seems as if
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ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื•
25:53
you become offended at almost a visceral level
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ื ืคื’ืขืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ืช
25:56
when you see something done
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืขืฉื”
25:57
that you think will harm the Internet.
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ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืš ื›ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
25:59
Is there some truth to that?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืืœ ืืžืช ื‘ื–ื”?
26:03
ES: It is. I think it's very true.
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ื.ืก.: ืื›ืŸ ื›ืš. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
26:08
This is not a left or right issue.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉืžืืœ.
26:11
Our basic freedoms, and when I say our,
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ื”ื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
26:13
I don't just mean Americans,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืœืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,
26:15
I mean people around the world,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
26:17
it's not a partisan issue.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ืชื™.
26:19
These are things that all people believe,
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ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื,
26:21
and it's up to all of us to protect them,
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ื•ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
26:24
and to people who have seen and enjoyed
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืื• ื•ื ื”ื ื• ืžืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
26:27
a free and open Internet,
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ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืคืชื•ื—,
26:28
it's up to us to preserve that liberty
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ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื” ื—ืจื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ
26:32
for the next generation to enjoy,
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ื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
26:34
and if we don't change things,
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ื•ืื ืœื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
26:35
if we don't stand up to make the changes
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ืื ืœื ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš
26:39
we need to do to keep the Internet safe,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
26:42
not just for us but for everyone,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืžืขื ื ื•, ืืœื ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื•ืœื,
26:45
we're going to lose that,
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ืื ื• ื ืื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื•,
26:46
and that would be a tremendous loss,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืกื“ ื›ื‘ื™ืจ,
26:47
not just for us, but for the world.
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
26:50
CA: Well, I have heard similar language recently
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ื›.ื.: ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
26:52
from the founder of the world wide web,
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ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
26:54
who I actually think is with us, Sir Tim Berners-Lee.
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ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืžืžืฉ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ, ืกืจ ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืจืก-ืœื™.
26:58
Tim, actually, would you like to come up and say,
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ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื•,
27:01
do we have a microphone for Tim?
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื˜ื™ื?
27:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
27:05
Tim, good to see you. Come up there.
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ื˜ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš. ืขืœื” ืœื›ืืŸ.
27:12
Which camp are you in, by the way,
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื—ื ื” ืืชื”,
27:15
traitor, hero? I have a theory on this, but --
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ื‘ื•ื’ื“, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ? ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ --
27:18
Tim Berners-Lee: I've given much longer
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ื˜ื™ื ื‘.ืœ.: ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš
27:21
answers to that question, but hero,
627
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช,
27:24
if I have to make the choice between the two.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื ืขืœื™ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
27:27
CA: And Ed, I think you've read
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ื›.ื.: ืื“, ื‘ื˜ื— ืงืจืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”
27:31
the proposal that Sir Tim has talked about
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ืฉืกืจ ื˜ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ
27:33
about a new Magna Carta to take back the Internet.
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ืœืžื’ื ื” ื›ืจื˜ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
27:36
Is that something that makes sense?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ื ื™?
27:38
ES: Absolutely. I mean, my generation, I grew up
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ื.ืก.: ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™, ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืœื ืจืง
27:41
not just thinking about the Internet,
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ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
27:43
but I grew up in the Internet,
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ืืœื ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
27:46
and although I never expected to have the chance
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
27:50
to defend it in such a direct and practical manner
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ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžืขืฉื™
27:56
and to embody it in this unusual,
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ื•ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœ,
28:00
almost avatar manner,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื "ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื–ื”,
28:02
I think there's something poetic about the fact that
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืคื•ืื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
28:05
one of the sons of the Internet
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ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
28:07
has actually become close to the Internet
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ื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”
28:10
as a result of their political expression.
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ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
28:12
And I believe that a Magna Carta for the Internet
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื ื” ื›ืจื˜ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
28:16
is exactly what we need.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
28:18
We need to encode our values
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืกื— ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ืชื‘,
28:21
not just in writing but in the structure of the Internet,
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ืืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืขืฆืžื•,
28:25
and it's something that I hope,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”,
28:27
I invite everyone in the audience,
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ืื ื™ ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
28:29
not just here in Vancouver but around the world,
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ืœื ืจืง ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
28:33
to join and participate in.
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ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง.
28:35
CA: Do you have a question for Ed?
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ื›.ื.: ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืช ืื“?
28:37
TBL: Well, two questions,
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ื˜.ื‘.ืœ.: ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช,
28:39
a general question โ€”
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ืฉืืœื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช --
28:40
CA: Ed, can you still hear us?
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ื›.ื.: ืื“, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื ื•?
28:42
ES: Yes, I can hear you. CA: Oh, he's back.
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ื.ืก.: ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืชื›ื. ื›.ื.: ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ.
28:46
TBL: The wiretap on your line
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ื˜.ื‘.ืœ.: ื”ืฆื™ืชื•ืช ืœืงื• ืฉืœืš
28:47
got a little interfered with for a moment.
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ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
28:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
28:51
ES: It's a little bit of an NSA problem.
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ื.ืก.: ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ NSA.
28:53
TBL: So, from the 25 years,
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ื˜.ื‘.ืœ.: ืœืื—ืจ 25 ืฉื ื”,
28:57
stepping back and thinking,
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ืื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
29:00
what would you think would be
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ืžื” ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชืš
29:02
the best that we could achieve
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
29:04
from all the discussions that we have
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื ื•
29:06
about the web we want?
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
29:09
ES: When we think about
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ื.ืก.: ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื
29:12
in terms of how far we can go,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
29:15
I think that's a question that's really only limited
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”
29:18
by what we're willing to put into it.
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ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื–ื”.
29:20
I think the Internet that we've enjoyed in the past
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื ื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
29:23
has been exactly what we as not just a nation
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื•ืžื”
29:29
but as a people around the world need,
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ืืœื ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
29:32
and by cooperating, by engaging not just
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ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™
29:36
the technical parts of society,
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
29:38
but as you said, the users,
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ืืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืช, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื,
29:40
the people around the world who contribute
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืคืขื™ืœื™ื
29:43
through the Internet, through social media,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
29:45
who just check the weather,
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ืฉืจืง ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืžื–ื’-ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,
29:47
who rely on it every day as a part of their life,
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ืฉืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
29:49
to champion that.
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”.
29:52
We'll get not just the Internet we've had,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•,
29:55
but a better Internet, a better now,
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ืืœื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
29:58
something that we can use to build a future
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“
30:02
that'll be better not just than what we hoped for
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืจืง ืžืžื” ืฉืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื•
30:05
but anything that we could have imagined.
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ืืœื ืžืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
30:07
CA: It's 30 years ago that TED was founded, 1984.
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ื›.ื.: ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกื“ TED, ื‘-1984.
30:13
A lot of the conversation since then has been
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ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื–
30:15
along the lines that
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ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•
30:17
actually George Orwell got it wrong.
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ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื•ืจื•ื•ืœ ื˜ืขื”.
30:18
It's not Big Brother watching us.
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ืœื ื”ืื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื ื•.
30:20
We, through the power of the web,
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ืืœื ืื ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช,
30:22
and transparency, are now watching Big Brother.
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ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
30:24
Your revelations kind of drove a stake
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืชืงืขื• ืกื›ื™ืŸ
30:26
through the heart of that rather optimistic view,
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ื‘ืœื‘ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช,
30:30
but you still believe there's a way of doing something
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•
30:34
about that.
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”.
30:35
And you do too.
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ื•ื’ื ืืชื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ.
30:37
ES: Right, so there is an argument to be made
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ื.ืก.: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”
30:43
that the powers of Big Brother have increased enormously.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
30:47
There was a recent legal article at Yale
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžืืžืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘-ื™ื™ืœ
30:51
that established something called the Bankston-Soltani Principle,
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ืฉืงื‘ืข ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืงืกื˜ื•ืŸ-ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื™,
30:55
which is that our expectation of privacy is violated
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ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช
31:00
when the capabilities of government surveillance
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
31:02
have become cheaper by an order of magnitude,
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ื ื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ,
31:05
and each time that occurs, we need to revisit
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
31:08
and rebalance our privacy rights.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
31:11
Now, that hasn't happened since
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื” ืžืื–
31:13
the government's surveillance powers
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
31:15
have increased by several orders of magnitude,
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ืขืœื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืกื“ืจื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ,
31:18
and that's why we're in the problem that we're in today,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”.
31:21
but there is still hope,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
31:25
because the power of individuals
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ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜
31:27
have also been increased by technology.
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ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
31:30
I am living proof
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ื—ื™ื”
31:32
that an individual can go head to head
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ืฉื”ืคืจื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืจืืฉ-ื‘ืจืืฉ
31:34
against the most powerful adversaries
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื
31:36
and the most powerful intelligence agencies
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ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ
31:38
around the world and win,
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ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ืฆื—,
31:42
and I think that's something
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
31:44
that we need to take hope from,
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืžื ื•,
31:46
and we need to build on
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ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
31:47
to make it accessible not just to technical experts
723
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืœื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ืจืง ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
31:50
but to ordinary citizens around the world.
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ืืœื ืœืื–ืจื— ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
31:52
Journalism is not a crime,
725
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ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉืข,
31:54
communication is not a crime,
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ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉืข,
31:56
and we should not be monitored in our everyday activities.
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ื•ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
31:59
CA: I'm not quite sure how you shake the hand of a bot,
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ื›.ื.: ืื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ื™ื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜,
32:01
but I imagine it's, this is the hand right here. TBL: That'll come very soon.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื”, ื–ื• ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ. ื˜.ื‘.ืœ.: ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืจ.
32:07
ES: Nice to meet you,
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ื.ืก.: ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืชื›ื,
32:08
and I hope my beam looks as nice
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ืช ืฉืœื™
32:10
as my view of you guys does.
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ื ืจืื™ืช ื™ืคื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืชื›ื.
32:13
CA: Thank you, Tim.
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ื›.ื.: ืชื•ื“ื” ื˜ื™ื.
32:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
32:21
I mean, The New York Times recently called for an amnesty for you.
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ื”ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ืงืจื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืชืช ืœืš ื—ื ื™ื ื”.
32:25
Would you welcome the chance to come back to America?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘?
32:30
ES: Absolutely. There's really no question,
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ื.ืก.: ืœืœื ืกืคืง. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืืœื”,
32:33
the principles that have been the foundation
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ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“
32:36
of this project
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ืžื™ื–ื ื–ื”,
32:38
have been the public interest
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ื”ื™ื ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
32:42
and the principles that underly
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ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืกื•ื“
32:45
the journalistic establishment in the United States
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ื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
32:49
and around the world,
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ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
32:51
and I think if the press is now saying,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื
32:56
we support this,
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ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื–ื”,
32:58
this is something that needed to happen,
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ืช,
33:00
that's a powerful argument, but it's not the final argument,
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ื–ื”ื• ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืกื•ืคื™,
33:03
and I think that's something that public should decide.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜.
33:06
But at the same time,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
33:07
the government has hinted that they want
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืžื– ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
33:09
some kind of deal,
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ืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืกืงื”,
33:11
that they want me to compromise
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ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืืกื’ื™ืจ
33:13
the journalists with which I've been working,
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ืืช ื”ืขืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™,
33:15
to come back,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื—ื–ื•ืจ
33:16
and I want to make it very clear
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ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™
33:19
that I did not do this to be safe.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™.
33:22
I did this to do what was right,
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
33:24
and I'm not going to stop my work
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื™
33:26
in the public interest
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
33:28
just to benefit myself.
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ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืฉื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
33:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
33:36
CA: In the meantime,
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ื›.ื.: ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื,
33:38
courtesy of the Internet and this technology,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ,
33:42
you're here, back in North America,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
33:44
not quite the U.S., Canada, in this form.
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ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืืœื ื‘ืงื ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
33:48
I'm curious, how does that feel?
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ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ืงืจืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื”?
33:52
ES: Canada is different than what I expected.
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ื.ืก.: ืงื ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
33:55
It's a lot warmer.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื”.
33:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
34:02
CA: At TED, the mission is "ideas worth spreading."
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ื›.ื.: ื‘-TED, ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื "ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ".
34:06
If you could encapsulate it in a single idea,
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ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื›ื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“,
34:08
what is your idea worth spreading
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ืžื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš
34:10
right now at this moment?
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ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”?
34:14
ES: I would say the last year has been a reminder
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ื.ืก.: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช
34:18
that democracy may die behind closed doors,
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ืฉื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืžื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช,
34:21
but we as individuals are born
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื ื•
34:23
behind those same closed doors,
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช,
34:26
and we don't have to give up
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื•ื•ืชืจ
34:28
our privacy to have good government.
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ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
34:32
We don't have to give up our liberty
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
34:34
to have security.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
34:35
And I think by working together
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
34:38
we can have both open government
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื’ื ืžืžืฉืœ ืคืชื•ื—
34:41
and private lives,
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ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
34:42
and I look forward to working with everyone
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
34:44
around the world to see that happen.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”.
34:47
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
34:48
CA: Ed, thank you.
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ื›.ื.: ืื“, ืชื•ื“ื”.
34:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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