Topher White: What can save the rainforest? Your used cell phone

212,341 views ใƒป 2015-03-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
00:12
(Rainforest noises)
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(ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจ ื’ืฉื)
00:21
In the summer of 2011, as a tourist,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2011, ื›ืชื™ื™ืจ,
00:25
I visited the rainforests of Borneo for the very first time,
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ืื• ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
00:29
and as you might imagine,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
00:31
it was the overwhelming sounds of the forest that struck me the most.
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืžืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
00:36
There's this constant cacophony of noise.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงืงืคื•ื ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืจืขืฉ.
00:39
Some things actually do stick out.
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ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื˜ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”.
00:42
For example, this here is a big bird, a rhinoceros hornbill.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื–ื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื ืฃ,
00:46
This buzzing is a cicada.
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ื”ื–ืžื–ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืงื“ื”.
00:51
This is a family of gibbons.
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ื–ื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
00:54
It's actually singing to each other over a great distance.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืจื” ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื.
00:59
The place where this was recorded was in fact a gibbon reserve,
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ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื–ื” ื”ื•ืงืœื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
01:02
which is why you can hear so many of them,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื,
01:04
but in fact the most important noise that was coming out of the forest that time
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
01:09
was one that I didn't notice,
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•,
01:10
and in fact nobody there had actually noticed it.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•.
01:14
So, as I said, this was a gibbon reserve.
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ืื–, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
01:16
They spend most of their time rehabilitating gibbons,
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
01:19
but they also have to spend a lot of their time
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ืžื ื
01:21
protecting their area from illegal logging that takes place on the side.
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ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืขืฆื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืฆื“.
01:25
And so if we take the sound of the forest
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ
01:27
and we actually turn down the gibbons, the insects, and the rest,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืฉืงื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืืช ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืืจ,
01:31
in the background, the entire time, in recordings you heard,
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ื‘ืจืงืข, ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื,
01:34
was the sound of a chainsaw at great distance.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง.
01:38
They had three full-time guards who were posted around this sanctuary
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”
01:42
whose job was in fact to guard against illegal logging,
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ืฉื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื ื’ื“ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช,
01:46
and one day, we went walking, again as tourists, out into the forest,
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืขืจ,
01:50
and within five minutes' walk,
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
01:52
we stumbled upon somebody who was just sawing a tree down,
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ื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืกืจ ืขืฅ,
01:55
five minutes' walk, a few hundred meters from the ranger station.
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ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื.
01:58
They hadn't been able to hear the chainsaws,
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื,
02:01
because as you heard, the forest is very, very loud.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืžืขืชื, ื”ื™ืขืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืขืฉ.
02:04
It struck me as quite unacceptable that in this modern time,
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
02:08
just a few hundred meters away from a ranger station in a sanctuary,
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ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื ืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”,
02:13
that in fact nobody could hear it when someone who has a chainsaw gets fired up.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžืกื•ืจ ืฉืจืฉืจืช.
02:17
It sounds impossible, but in fact, it was quite true.
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:21
So how do we stop illegal logging?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช?
02:23
It's really tempting, as an engineer, always to come up with a high-tech,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคืชื”, ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
02:26
super-crazy high-tech solution,
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ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื,
02:28
but in fact, you're in the rainforest.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื’ืฉื.
02:30
It has to be simple, it has to be scalable,
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”,
02:33
and so what we also noticed while were there was that
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื”
02:36
everything we needed was already there.
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ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื.
02:38
We could build a system that would allow us to stop this
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”
02:41
using what's already there.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื.
02:43
Who was there? What was already in the forest?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื? ืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ?
02:45
Well, we had people.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:46
We had this group there that was dedicated, three full-time guards,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ื—ื•ืฉื”, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”,
02:50
that was dedicated to go and stop it,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
02:51
but they just needed to know what was happening out in the forest.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจืง ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
02:54
The real surprise, this is the big one,
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ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ื”ืืžืชื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
02:56
was that there was connectivity out in the forest.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
02:59
There was cell phone service way out in the middle of nowhere.
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.
03:02
We're talking hundreds of kilometers from the nearest road,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื•ืช ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘,
03:05
there's certainly no electricity, but they had very good cell phone service,
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
03:08
these people in the towns were on Facebook all the time,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
03:11
they're surfing the web on their phones,
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ื”ื ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:13
and this sort of got me thinking that in fact it would be possible
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
03:16
to use the sounds of the forest,
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ,
03:18
pick up the sounds of chainsaws programmatically,
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ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืชื™ืช,
03:20
because people can't hear them,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื.
03:22
and send an alert.
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ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืชืจืขื”.
03:24
But you have to have a device to go up in the trees.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
03:26
So if we can use some device to listen to the sounds of the forest,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ,
03:30
connect to the cell phone network that's there,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจืฉืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช ืฉืฉื,
03:32
and send an alert to people on the ground,
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ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืชืจืขื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
03:34
perhaps we could have a solution to this issue for them.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื.
03:38
But let's take a moment to talk about saving the rainforest,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืจื’ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื,
03:41
because it's something that we've definitely all heard about forever.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“.
03:45
People in my generation have heard about saving the rainforest
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื
03:48
since we were kids,
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
03:50
and it seems that the message has never changed:
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืžืกืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”:
03:52
We've got to save the rainforest, it's super urgent,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื, ื–ื” ืกื•ืคืจ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ,
03:54
this many football fields have been destroyed yesterday.
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ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ืฉืžื“ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ,
03:57
and yet here we are today, about half of the rainforest remains,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืขืจ ื”ื’ืฉื ื ืฉืืจ,
04:00
and we have potentially more urgent problems like climate change.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื“ื—ื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
04:05
But in fact, this is the little-known fact that I didn't realize at the time:
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•:
04:09
Deforestation accounts for more greenhouse gas
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ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”
04:12
than all of the world's planes, trains, cars, trucks and ships combined.
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ืžื›ืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“.
04:16
It's the second highest contributor to climate change.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
04:18
Also, according to Interpol,
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ื•ื’ื, ืœืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืคื•ืœ,
04:21
as much as 90 percent of the logging that takes place in the rainforest
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื
04:25
is illegal logging, like the illegal logging that we saw.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื”ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื•.
04:29
So if we can help people in the forest enforce the rules that are there,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
04:33
then in fact we could eat heavily into this 17 percent
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ืื– ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื” 17 ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืืœื”
04:37
and potentially have a major impact in the short term.
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ื•ืฉืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ.
04:39
It might just be the cheapest, fastest way to fight climate change.
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ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
04:44
And so here's the system that we imagine.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•.
04:46
It looks super high tech.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ื™ื™ ื˜ืง.
04:48
The moment a sound of a chainsaw is heard in the forest,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ื™ืขืจ,
04:50
the device picks up the sound of the chainsaw,
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืจ.
04:52
it sends an alert through the standard GSM network that's already there
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ื”ืชืจืขื” ื“ืจืš ืจืฉืช ื” GSM ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื
04:56
to a ranger in the field
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ืœืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉื“ื”
04:58
who can in fact show up in real time and stop the logging.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื”.
05:01
It's no more about going out and finding a tree that's been cut.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ืฉื ื›ืจืช.
05:05
It's not about seeing a tree from a satellite
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ื–ื” ืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฅ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ
05:07
in an area that's been clear cut,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื›ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™,
05:09
it's about real-time intervention.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
05:11
So I said it was the cheapest and fastest way to do it,
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ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
05:14
but in fact, actually, as you saw, they weren't able to do it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ืชื, ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
05:17
so it may not be so cheap and fast.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ.
05:19
But if the devices in the trees were actually cell phones,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื,
05:22
it could be pretty cheap.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื–ื•ืœ.
05:24
Cell phones are thrown away by the hundreds of millions every year,
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ืžืื•ืช ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœื•ืจื™ื™ื ื ื–ืจืงื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
05:28
hundreds of millions in the U.S. alone,
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ืžืื•ืช ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
05:30
not counting the rest of the world, which of course we should do,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
05:33
but in fact, cell phones are great.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื.
05:36
They're full of sensors.
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ื”ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
05:37
They can listen to the sounds of the forest.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ.
05:39
We do have to protect them.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
05:41
We have to put them in this box that you see here,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื”,
05:43
and we do have to power them.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื—.
05:45
Powering them is one of the greater engineering challenges
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ืœืชืช ื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
05:47
that we had to deal with,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื,
05:49
because powering a cell phone under a tree canopy,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื•ื— ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื,
05:51
any sort of solar power under a tree canopy,
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืกื•ืœืจื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื,
05:54
was an as-yet-unsolved problem,
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื ื ืคืชืจื”,
05:56
and that's this unique solar panel design that you see here,
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืคืื ืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื”,
05:58
which in fact is built also from recycled byproducts of an industrial process.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื.
06:03
These are strips that are cut down.
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ืืœื” ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืชื›ื•ืช.
06:05
So this is me putting it all together
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ืื– ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื“
06:09
in my parents' garage, actually.
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ื‘ืžื•ืกืš ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”.
06:11
Thanks very much to them for allowing me to do that.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื ืฉืืคืฉืจื• ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
06:13
As you can see, this is a device up in a tree.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฅ.
06:18
What you can see from here, perhaps, is that they are pretty well obscured
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืคื”, ืื•ืœื™, ื–ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช
06:21
up in the tree canopy at a distance.
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืง.
06:23
That's important, because although they are able to hear chainsaw noises
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืจืขืฉื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื
06:27
up to a kilometer in the distance,
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ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
06:28
allowing them to cover about three square kilometers,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื,
06:31
if someone were to take them, it would make the area unprotected.
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืžื•ื’ืŸ.
06:35
So does it actually work?
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ืื– ื”ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืžืขืฉื”?
06:38
Well, to test it, we took it back to Indonesia,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”,
06:41
not the same place, but another place,
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ืœื ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื, ืืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ,
06:43
to another gibbon reserve
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ืœืฉืžื•ืจืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจืช
06:44
that was threatened daily by illegal logging.
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ืฉืื•ื™ื™ืžื” ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช.
06:48
On the very second day, it picked up illegal chainsaw noises.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืžืฉ, ื”ื™ื ืชืคืกื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื.
06:52
We were able to get a real-time alert.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืจืขื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
06:54
I got an email on my phone.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
06:55
Actually, we had just climbed the tree. Everyone had just gotten back down.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืง ื˜ื™ืคืกื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ. ื›ื•ืœื ืจืง ื™ืจื“ื•.
06:59
All these guys are smoking cigarettes,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื” ืขื™ืฉื ื• ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื•ืช,
07:01
and then I get an email, and they all quiet down,
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ื•ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืงื˜,
07:04
and in fact you can hear the chainsaw
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจ
07:06
really, really faint in the background,
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืขืžื•ื ื‘ืจืงืข,
07:08
but no one had noticed it until that moment.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืขื“ ืœืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข.
07:11
And so then we took off to actually stop these loggers.
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:14
I was pretty nervous.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ ืขืฆื‘ื ื™.
07:15
This is the moment where we've actually arrived close to where the loggers are.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื.
07:20
This is the moment where you can see where I'm actually regretting
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชื—ืจื˜
07:23
perhaps the entire endeavor.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืฅ.
07:25
I'm not really sure what's on the other side of this hill.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”.
07:27
That guy's much braver than I am.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื™ืฅ ืžืžื ื™.
07:29
But he went, so I had to go, walking up,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš, ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช, ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื”,
07:34
and in fact, he made it over the hill,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”,
07:36
and interrupted the loggers in the act.
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ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื”.
07:39
For them, it was such a surprise --
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื–ื• ื”ืคืชืขื” --
07:41
they had never, ever been interrupted before --
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ --
07:43
that it was such an impressive event for them,
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื,
07:45
that we've heard from our partners they have not been back since.
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ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ืœื ื—ื–ืจื• ืžืื–.
07:48
They were, in fact, great guys.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื.
07:50
They showed us how the entire operation works,
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ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“,
07:52
and what they really convinced us on the spot was that
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ื›ื ืขื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื”
07:55
if you can show up in real time and stop people,
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ืฉืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื,
07:57
it's enough of a deterrent they won't come back.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืจืชื™ืข ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื•.
08:01
So --
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ืื– --
08:03
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. (ืžื—ื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:09
Word of this spread, possibly because we told a lot of people,
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:13
and in fact, then some really amazing stuff started to happen.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
08:16
People from around the world started to send us emails, phone calls.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื ื• ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
08:20
What we saw was that people throughout Asia,
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ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืกื™ื”,
08:22
people throughout Africa, people throughout South America,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
08:25
they told us that they could use it too,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื,
08:27
and what's most important,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
08:28
what we'd found that we thought might be exceptional,
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
08:31
in the forest there was pretty good cell phone service.
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ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
08:33
That was not exceptional, we were told,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืืžืจื• ืœื ื•,
08:35
and that particularly is on the periphery of the forests that are most under threat.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:39
And then something really amazing happened,
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
08:41
which was that people started sending us their own old cell phones.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
08:45
So in fact what we have now is a system
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ืื– ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช
08:47
where we can use people on the ground, people who are already there,
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ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื,
08:50
who can both improve and use the existing connectivity,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
08:53
and we're using old cell phones that are being sent to us
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•
08:56
by people from around the world
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:57
that want their phones to be doing something else in their afterlife,
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:01
so to speak.
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09:01
And if the rest of the device can be completely recycled,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“.
ื•ืื ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
09:04
then we believe it's an entirely upcycled device.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœื.
09:07
So again, this didn't come because of any sort of high-tech solution.
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ ื˜ืงื™.
09:11
It just came from using what's already there,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื,
09:13
and I'm thoroughly convinced that if it's not phones,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื,
09:16
that there's always going to be enough there
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืกืคื™ืง
09:18
that you can build similar solutions
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื
09:20
that can be very effective in new contexts.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
09:22
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
09:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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