Topher White: What can save the rainforest? Your used cell phone

Prevoditelj: Maja Covic Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

(Rainforest noises)

(Zvukovi kišne šume)

In the summer of 2011, as a tourist,

U ljeto 2011. godine, kao turist

I visited the rainforests of Borneo for the very first time,

posjetio sam po prvi puta kišnu šumu na Borneu.

and as you might imagine,

Kao što možete zamisliti,

it was the overwhelming sounds of the forest that struck me the most.

najviše su me se dojmili moćni zvukovi šume.

There's this constant cacophony of noise.

Tamo vlada neprestana kakofonija buke.

Some things actually do stick out.

Neke stvari se ističu.

For example, this here is a big bird, a rhinoceros hornbill.

Na primjer, ovo je velika ptica, veliki kljunorožac.

This buzzing is a cicada.

Ovo zujanje je cvrčak.

This is a family of gibbons.

Ovo je obitelj gibona.

It's actually singing to each other over a great distance.

Pjevaju si na velikoj razdaljini.

The place where this was recorded was in fact a gibbon reserve,

Mjesto gdje je ovo snimljeno je rezervat za gibone,

which is why you can hear so many of them,

zato možete čuti toliko njih,

but in fact the most important noise that was coming out of the forest that time

međutim najvažniji zvuk koji je tada dolazio iz kišne šume

was one that I didn't notice,

bio je onaj koji nisam primijetio,

and in fact nobody there had actually noticed it.

zapravo nitko ga tamo nije primijetio.

So, as I said, this was a gibbon reserve.

Kao što sam rekao, to je rezervat za gibone.

They spend most of their time rehabilitating gibbons,

Većinu vremena rehabilitiraju gibone,

but they also have to spend a lot of their time

ali puno vremena moraju provesti

protecting their area from illegal logging that takes place on the side.

štiteći svoje područje od ilegalne sječe drva koja se odvija tamo.

And so if we take the sound of the forest

Ako uzmemo zvuk šume,

and we actually turn down the gibbons, the insects, and the rest,

i utišamo gibone, insekte i ostalo,

in the background, the entire time, in recordings you heard,

čitavo vrijeme u pozadini snimki koje ste čuli,

was the sound of a chainsaw at great distance.

nalazi se zvuk motornih pila na velikoj udaljenosti.

They had three full-time guards who were posted around this sanctuary

Imali su tri čuvara koji su cijelo vrijeme bili smješteni oko utočišta,

whose job was in fact to guard against illegal logging,

i morali su ga štititi od ilegalne sječe.

and one day, we went walking, again as tourists, out into the forest,

Jednog dana otišli smo u šetnju, turistički, u šumu,

and within five minutes' walk,

i u roku od pet minuta,

we stumbled upon somebody who was just sawing a tree down,

naišli smo na nekoga tko je upravo sjekao drvo,

five minutes' walk, a few hundred meters from the ranger station.

pet minuta, nekoliko stotina metara od šumarske stanice.

They hadn't been able to hear the chainsaws,

Nisu mogli čuti motorne pile,

because as you heard, the forest is very, very loud.

jer je šuma jako glasna, kao što ste mogli čuli.

It struck me as quite unacceptable that in this modern time,

Bilo mi je apsolutno neprihvatljivo da u ovo moderno vrijeme,

just a few hundred meters away from a ranger station in a sanctuary,

samo nekoliko stotina metara od šumarske stanice u utočištu,

that in fact nobody could hear it when someone who has a chainsaw gets fired up.

nitko nije mogao čuti kada netko uključi motornu pilu.

It sounds impossible, but in fact, it was quite true.

Zvuči nemoguće, međutim tako zaista jest.

So how do we stop illegal logging?

Kako da onda spriječimo ilegalnu sječu?

It's really tempting, as an engineer, always to come up with a high-tech,

Kao inženjeru, vrlo mi je primamljivo uvijek osmisliti visokotehnološko,

super-crazy high-tech solution,

ludo visokotehnološko rješenje,

but in fact, you're in the rainforest.

međutim, nalazimo se u kišnoj šumi.

It has to be simple, it has to be scalable,

Mora biti jednostavo i podesivo,

and so what we also noticed while were there was that

a dok smo bili tamo, uočili smo to

everything we needed was already there.

da nam je sve potrebno već tamo.

We could build a system that would allow us to stop this

Mogli smo izgraditi sustav koji bi nam omogućio da to prekinemo

using what's already there.

koristeći ono što je već tamo.

Who was there? What was already in the forest?

Tko je bio tamo? Čega je već bilo u šumi?

Well, we had people.

Imali smo ljude.

We had this group there that was dedicated, three full-time guards,

Postojala je grupa od tri čuvara koji su cijelo vrijeme

that was dedicated to go and stop it,

predano odlazili i prekidali sječu,

but they just needed to know what was happening out in the forest.

no morali su znati što se događa u šumi.

The real surprise, this is the big one,

Najveće iznenađenje, ovo je važno,

was that there was connectivity out in the forest.

bilo je da u šumi postoji signal.

There was cell phone service way out in the middle of nowhere.

Postoji mobilni signal daleko, usred ničega.

Govorimo o stotinama kilometara od najbliže ceste,

We're talking hundreds of kilometers from the nearest road,

there's certainly no electricity, but they had very good cell phone service,

nema struje, no postoji vrlo dobar mobilni signal.

these people in the towns were on Facebook all the time,

Ljudi u gradovima cijelo vrijeme vise na Facebooku,

they're surfing the web on their phones,

surfaju mrežom na svojim mobitelima,

and this sort of got me thinking that in fact it would be possible

i to me potaklo na razmišljanje kako bi bilo moguće

to use the sounds of the forest,

iskoristiti zvukove šume,

pick up the sounds of chainsaws programmatically,

programski pokupiti zvukove motornih pila,

because people can't hear them,

budući da ih ljudi ne mogu čuti,

and send an alert.

i odaslati upozorenje.

But you have to have a device to go up in the trees.

No, trebate imati uređaj koji biste postavili na drveću.

So if we can use some device to listen to the sounds of the forest,

Ako možemo iskoristiti neki uređaj da slušamo zvukove šume,

connect to the cell phone network that's there,

povezati mobitel s već postojećom mrežom,

and send an alert to people on the ground,

i poslati upozorenje ljudima na tlu,

perhaps we could have a solution to this issue for them.

možda bismo imali rješenje za ovaj problem.

But let's take a moment to talk about saving the rainforest,

Uzmimo trenutak da vidimo kako spasiti kišnu šumu,

because it's something that we've definitely all heard about forever.

jer to je nešto o čemu svi oduvijek slušamo.

People in my generation have heard about saving the rainforest

Moja generacija sluša o očuvanju kišnih šuma

since we were kids,

od djetinjstva,

and it seems that the message has never changed:

i čini se da se poruka nije nimalo promijenila:

We've got to save the rainforest, it's super urgent,

Moramo spasiti kišne šume, to je iznimno nužno,

this many football fields have been destroyed yesterday.

ovoliko je nogometnih terena bilo uništeno jučer.

and yet here we are today, about half of the rainforest remains,

Međutim, danas je preostalo oko polovice kišnih šuma,

and we have potentially more urgent problems like climate change.

a mi imamo potencijalno bitnije probleme poput klimatskih promjena.

But in fact, this is the little-known fact that I didn't realize at the time:

No, ovo je slabo poznato činjenica koju nisam prije znao:

Deforestation accounts for more greenhouse gas

Deforestacija je zaslužna za više stakleničkih plinova

than all of the world's planes, trains, cars, trucks and ships combined.

od svih zrakoplova, vlakova, automobila, kamiona i brodova zajedno.

It's the second highest contributor to climate change.

Ona je drugi najveći uzročnik klimatskih promjena.

Also, according to Interpol,

Usto, prema Interpolu,

as much as 90 percent of the logging that takes place in the rainforest

čak 90 posto sječe drveća u kišnim šumama

is illegal logging, like the illegal logging that we saw.

je ilegalna sječa, poput one koju smo vidjeli.

So if we can help people in the forest enforce the rules that are there,

Ako pomognemo ljudima u šumi da provode postojeće zakone,

then in fact we could eat heavily into this 17 percent

onda bismo oduzeli puno od tih 17 posto

and potentially have a major impact in the short term.

i u kratkom roku potencijalno imali veliki utjecaj.

It might just be the cheapest, fastest way to fight climate change.

To bi mogla biti najjeftinija i najbrža borba protiv klimatskih promjena.

And so here's the system that we imagine.

Ovo je sustav koji smo zamislili.

It looks super high tech.

Izgleda visoko tehnološki.

The moment a sound of a chainsaw is heard in the forest,

Onoga trenutka kada se zvuk motorne pile začuje u šumi,

the device picks up the sound of the chainsaw,

uređaj detektira zvuk pile,

it sends an alert through the standard GSM network that's already there

putem postojeće standardne GSM mreže šalje upozorenje

to a ranger in the field

šumaru na terenu,

who can in fact show up in real time and stop the logging.

koji može točno tada otići tamo i zaustaviti sječu.

It's no more about going out and finding a tree that's been cut.

Više se ne radi o tome da se samo nalaze već posječena stabla,

It's not about seeing a tree from a satellite

ili da se iz satelita vidi stablo

in an area that's been clear cut,

na području koje je posječeno,

it's about real-time intervention.

radi se o intervenciji u stvarnom vremenu.

So I said it was the cheapest and fastest way to do it,

Rekao sam da je to najjeftiniji i najbrži način,

but in fact, actually, as you saw, they weren't able to do it,

međutim, kao što ste vidjeli, to nisu mogli napraviti,

so it may not be so cheap and fast.

tako da možda i nije tako jeftin i brz.

But if the devices in the trees were actually cell phones,

No, ako su uređaji na drveću mobiteli,

it could be pretty cheap.

to bi moglo biti dosta jeftino.

Cell phones are thrown away by the hundreds of millions every year,

Stotine milijuna ljudi bace mobitel svake godine,

hundreds of millions in the U.S. alone,

stotine milijuna samo u SAD-u,

not counting the rest of the world, which of course we should do,

ne računajući ostatak svijeta, iako bismo trebali, naravno.

but in fact, cell phones are great.

No, mobiteli su odlični.

They're full of sensors.

Prepuni su senzora.

They can listen to the sounds of the forest.

Mogu slušati zvukove šume.

We do have to protect them.

Moramo ih zaštititi.

We have to put them in this box that you see here,

Moramo ih staviti u kutiju koju vidite ovdje,

and we do have to power them.

i moramo ih napajati.

Powering them is one of the greater engineering challenges

Njihovo napajanje je jedna od većih inženjerskih izazova

that we had to deal with,

koje smo morali riješiti,

because powering a cell phone under a tree canopy,

s obzirom na to da je napajanje mobitela ispod krošnje,

any sort of solar power under a tree canopy,

bilo kakva solarna energija ispod krošnje,

was an as-yet-unsolved problem,

bila nerješeni problem.

and that's this unique solar panel design that you see here,

Rješenje je ovaj jedinstveni dizajn solarne ploče,

which in fact is built also from recycled byproducts of an industrial process.

koji je također izrađen od recikliranih nusprodukata industrijskih procesa.

These are strips that are cut down.

Ovo su dijelovi koji su sasječeni.

So this is me putting it all together

Ovo sam ja dok to sve sastavljam

in my parents' garage, actually.

u garaži svojih roditelja.

Thanks very much to them for allowing me to do that.

Hvala im na dopuštenju.

As you can see, this is a device up in a tree.

Ovdje vidite uređaj na drvetu.

What you can see from here, perhaps, is that they are pretty well obscured

Možete primijetiti da su uređaji jako dobro skriveni

up in the tree canopy at a distance.

na krošnji gledajući izdaleka.

That's important, because although they are able to hear chainsaw noises

To je bitno jer, iako mogu čuti zvukove motorne pile,

up to a kilometer in the distance,

do jedan kilometar udaljenosti,

allowing them to cover about three square kilometers,

pa tako mogu osluškivati površinu od tri četvorna kilometra,

if someone were to take them, it would make the area unprotected.

ako ih netko uzme, to bi područje bilo nezaštićeno.

So does it actually work?

Funkcioniraju li oni zaista?

Well, to test it, we took it back to Indonesia,

Ponijeli smo ih natrag u Indoneziju kako bismo ih testirali,

not the same place, but another place,

ne na isto područje, već drugo mjesto,

to another gibbon reserve

u drugi rezervat za gibone

that was threatened daily by illegal logging.

kojemu je svakodnevno prijetila ilegalna sječa drveća.

On the very second day, it picked up illegal chainsaw noises.

Već drugi dan je uređaj pokupio zvukove ilegalih pila.

Mogli smo dobiti upozorenje u stvarnom vremenu.

We were able to get a real-time alert.

I got an email on my phone.

Dobio sam e-poruku na svome mobitelu.

Actually, we had just climbed the tree. Everyone had just gotten back down.

Zapravo smo tek bili postavili uređaj, i svi su se netom ranije spustili na tlo.

All these guys are smoking cigarettes,

Ekipa je pušila,

and then I get an email, and they all quiet down,

a onda sam ja dobio e-poruku, i svi su umuknuli,

and in fact you can hear the chainsaw

a zvuk motorne pile mogao se čuti

really, really faint in the background,

jako slabo, u daljini,

but no one had noticed it until that moment.

no nitko ga nije bio primijetio sve do tog trenutka.

And so then we took off to actually stop these loggers.

Tako smo krenuli zaustaviti drvosječe.

I was pretty nervous.

Bio sam poprilično nervozan.

This is the moment where we've actually arrived close to where the loggers are.

Ovo je trenutak kada smo se približili drvosječama.

This is the moment where you can see where I'm actually regretting

Možete vidjeti da sam ovdje pomalo požalio

perhaps the entire endeavor.

zbog cijelog tog pothvata.

I'm not really sure what's on the other side of this hill.

Nisam bio sasvim siguran što se nalazi s druge strane brda.

That guy's much braver than I am.

Ovaj tip je bio mnogo hrabriji od mene.

But he went, so I had to go, walking up,

Krenuo je, pa sam morao i ja, penjući se.

and in fact, he made it over the hill,

Prešao je preko brda,

and interrupted the loggers in the act.

i zaustavio drvosječe.

For them, it was such a surprise --

Za njih je to bio veliko iznenađenje.

they had never, ever been interrupted before --

Nikada ih prije nitko nije bio zaustavio,

that it was such an impressive event for them,

tako da je to bio jako dojmljiv trenutak za njih,

that we've heard from our partners they have not been back since.

a naši partneri su nas obavijestili da se od tada više nisu vraćali.

They were, in fact, great guys.

Bili su, zapravo, sjajni momci.

They showed us how the entire operation works,

Pokazali su nam kako funkcionira cijela operacija,

and what they really convinced us on the spot was that

i uvjerili su nas da

ako se možemo pojaviti u stvarnom vremenu i zaustaviti ljude,

if you can show up in real time and stop people,

it's enough of a deterrent they won't come back.

to je dovoljno da ih se zastraši i da se više ne vrate.

So --

Tako da --

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala. (Pljesak)

Word of this spread, possibly because we told a lot of people,

Vijest o ovome se proširila, vjerojatno jer smo mnogim ljudima govorili o tome,

and in fact, then some really amazing stuff started to happen.

a zatim se počelo događati nešto fantastično.

People from around the world started to send us emails, phone calls.

Ljudi su nam iz cijelog svijeta počeli slati e-poruke i zvati nas.

What we saw was that people throughout Asia,

Ljudi diljem Azije,

people throughout Africa, people throughout South America,

Afrike, Južne Amerike,

they told us that they could use it too,

rekli su nam da bi to mogli koristiti i oni,

and what's most important,

a što je najvažnije,

what we'd found that we thought might be exceptional,

iako smo mislili da je to iznimka,

ispostavilo se kako u šumi postoji jako dobar mobilni signal.

in the forest there was pretty good cell phone service.

That was not exceptional, we were told,

Rečeno nam je da to nije bila iznimka,

and that particularly is on the periphery of the forests that are most under threat.

a to posebno vrijedi za periferna područja šuma koja su najugroženija.

And then something really amazing happened,

Onda se dogodilo nešto nevjerojatno,

which was that people started sending us their own old cell phones.

ljudi su nam počeli slati svoje stare mobitele.

So in fact what we have now is a system

Tako da sada imamo sustav

where we can use people on the ground, people who are already there,

gdje možemo koristiti ljude koji su već na terenu,

who can both improve and use the existing connectivity,

koji mogu i unaprijediti i koristiti postojeći signal,

and we're using old cell phones that are being sent to us

i koristimo stare mobitele koje nam šalju

by people from around the world

ljudi iz cijelog svijeta

that want their phones to be doing something else in their afterlife,

koji žele da njihovi telefoni služe nečemu u svojem novom životu,

da se tako izrazim.

so to speak.

And if the rest of the device can be completely recycled,

Ako se ostatak uređaja može u potpunosti reciklirati,

then we believe it's an entirely upcycled device.

vjerujemo da je to uređaj s potpuno novom, poboljšanom svrhom.

So again, this didn't come because of any sort of high-tech solution.

Ovo nije rezultat nekog visokotehnološkog rješenja,

It just came from using what's already there,

već je rezultat korištenja postojećih resursa,

and I'm thoroughly convinced that if it's not phones,

i duboko sam uvjeren da, ako se ne budu koristili telefoni,

that there's always going to be enough there

da će postojati nešto drugo

that you can build similar solutions

s čime ćemo postići slična rješenja

that can be very effective in new contexts.

i što će biti vrlo djelotvorno u novim situacijama.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)