Michael Green: Why we should build wooden skyscrapers

294,773 views ใƒป 2013-07-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: hila scherba
00:13
This is my grandfather.
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ื–ื” ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™.
00:16
And this is my son.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
00:18
My grandfather taught me to work with wood
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ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืฅ
00:20
when I was a little boy,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
00:22
and he also taught me the idea that
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
00:24
if you cut down a tree to turn it into something,
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ืฉืื ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ืขืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืžืฉื”ื•,
00:27
honor that tree's life and make it as beautiful
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื‘ื“ื• ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื™ืคื”
00:29
as you possibly can.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ.
00:31
My little boy reminded me
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ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™
00:35
that for all the technology and all the toys in the world,
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ื›ื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:38
sometimes just a small block of wood,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ
00:40
if you stack it up tall,
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ืื ืขื•ืจืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”
00:42
actually is an incredibly inspiring thing.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ืืžืŸ.
00:46
These are my buildings.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
00:48
I build all around the world
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:49
out of our office in Vancouver and New York.
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ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืื ืงื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
00:52
And we build buildings of different sizes and styles
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ื•ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื
00:55
and different materials, depending on where we are.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื , ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื.
00:57
But wood is the material that I love the most,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:59
and I'm going to tell you the story about wood.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ.
01:01
And part of the reason I love it is that every time
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื
01:03
people go into my buildings that are wood,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืฉืœื™,
01:06
I notice they react completely differently.
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ืื ื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
01:08
I've never seen anybody walk into one of my buildings
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™
01:11
and hug a steel or a concrete column,
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ื•ืžื—ื‘ืง ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืœื“ ืื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
01:13
but I've actually seen that happen in a wood building.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฅ.
01:16
I've actually seen how people touch the wood,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืฅ,
01:19
and I think there's a reason for it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš.
01:21
Just like snowflakes, no two pieces of wood
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืคืชื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื’, ืฉืชื™ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืฅ
01:23
can ever be the same anywhere on Earth.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื‘ืœ.
01:26
That's a wonderful thing.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื.
01:28
I like to think that wood
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขืฅ
01:30
gives Mother Nature fingerprints in our buildings.
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ืžืฉืื™ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืืžื ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:34
It's Mother Nature's fingerprints that make
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ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืฆื‘ืข ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ืื“ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช
01:36
our buildings connect us to nature in the built environment.
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”.
01:41
Now, I live in Vancouver, near a forest
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ, ืœื™ื“ ื™ืขืจ
01:43
that grows to 33 stories tall.
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ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 33 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
01:46
Down the coast here in California, the redwood forest
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื™ืขืจ ื”ืกืงื•ื™ื”
01:48
grows to 40 stories tall.
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ืฆื•ืžื— ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 40 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
01:51
But the buildings that we think about in wood
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฅ
01:54
are only four stories tall in most places on Earth.
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ื”ื ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ 4 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช.
01:57
Even building codes actually limit the ability for us to build
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
02:01
much taller than four stories in many places,
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ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-4 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
02:03
and that's true here in the United States.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:05
Now there are exceptions,
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ื›ืขืช, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ,
02:07
but there needs to be some exceptions,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ
02:09
and things are going to change, I'm hoping.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”.
02:11
And the reason I think that way is that
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืœื›ืš ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื
02:13
today half of us live in cities,
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ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
02:16
and that number is going to grow to 75 percent.
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืœ-75 ืื—ื•ื–.
02:19
Cities and density mean that our buildings
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ืขืจื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:21
are going to continue to be big,
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ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
02:24
and I think there's a role for wood to play in cities.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื™ืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
02:28
And I feel that way because three billion people
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืฉ-3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:31
in the world today, over the next 20 years,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 20 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
02:34
will need a new home.
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ.
02:35
That's 40 percent of the world that are going to need
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ื–ื” 40% ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื•
ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
02:38
a new building built for them in the next 20 years.
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02:41
Now, one in three people living in cities today
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ื›ืขืช, ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื
02:43
actually live in a slum.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื™.
02:45
That's one billion people in the world live in slums.
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื ื™.
02:48
A hundred million people in the world are homeless.
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100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช.
02:53
The scale of the challenge for architects
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ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืœืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื
02:55
and for society to deal with in building
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
02:58
is to find a solution to house these people.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:02
But the challenge is, as we move to cities,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื
03:06
cities are built in these two materials,
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ืขืจื™ื ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื”,
03:09
steel and concrete, and they're great materials.
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ืคืœื“ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
03:12
They're the materials of the last century.
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ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
03:14
But they're also materials with very high energy
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื”
03:17
and very high greenhouse gas emissions in their process.
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ื•ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื– ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœื”ื.
03:21
Steel represents about three percent
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ืคืœื“ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›3%
03:23
of man's greenhouse gas emissions,
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ืžืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื– ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื,
03:25
and concrete is over five percent.
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ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ 5%.
03:28
So if you think about that, eight percent
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ืื– ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, 8%
03:31
of our contribution to greenhouse gases today
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ืžื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื›ื™ื•ื
03:34
comes from those two materials alone.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื.
03:37
We don't think about it a lot, and unfortunately,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™,
03:40
we actually don't even think about buildings, I think,
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ืื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
03:42
as much as we should.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
03:43
This is a U.S. statistic about the impact of greenhouse gases.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”.
03:47
Almost half of our greenhouse gases are related to the building industry,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”,
03:50
and if we look at energy, it's the same story.
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ื•ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
03:53
You'll notice that transportation's sort of second down that list,
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ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื•,
03:56
but that's the conversation we mostly hear about.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ.
03:58
And although a lot of that is about energy,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
04:02
it's also so much about carbon.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
04:05
The problem I see is that, ultimately,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
04:08
the clash of how we solve that problem
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ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”
04:10
of serving those three billion people that need a home,
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ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ,
04:13
and climate change, are a head-on collision
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ืช
04:17
about to happen, or already happening.
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ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช.
04:20
That challenge means that we have to start thinking in new ways,
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
04:23
and I think wood is going to be part of that solution,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืขืฅ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
04:25
and I'm going to tell you the story of why.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฆื“ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข.
04:27
As an architect, wood is the only material,
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ื›ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ, ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“,
04:29
big material, that I can build with
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•
04:32
that's already grown by the power of the sun.
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ื•ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฆืžื— ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
04:35
When a tree grows in the forest and gives off oxygen
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฅ ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ืคื•ืœื˜ ื—ืžืฆืŸ
04:38
and soaks up carbon dioxide,
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ื•ืกื•ืคื’ ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ,
04:40
and it dies and it falls to the forest floor,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืช ื•ื ื•ืคืœ ืœืงืจืงืข ื”ื™ืขืจ,
04:43
it gives that carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere or into the ground.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืื• ืœืงืจืงืข.
04:48
If it burns in a forest fire, it's going to give that carbon
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจืฃ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื™ืขืจ, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ
04:51
back to the atmosphere as well.
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.
04:53
But if you take that wood and you put it into a building
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืฅ ื–ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ
04:56
or into a piece of furniture or into that wooden toy,
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ืื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืื• ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืžืขืฅ,
05:00
it actually has an amazing capacity
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
05:01
to store the carbon and provide us with a sequestration.
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ืœืื—ืกืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืชืคื™ืกืช ื ื›ืก.
05:05
One cubic meter of wood will store
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ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื™ืื›ืกืŸ
05:09
one tonne of carbon dioxide.
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ื˜ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ.
05:11
Now our two solutions to climate are obviously
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ื›ืขืช, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืืงืœื™ื ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
05:14
to reduce our emissions and find storage.
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ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื—ืกื•ืŸ.
05:16
Wood is the only major material building material
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ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืชื•, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“.
05:19
I can build with that actually does both those two things.
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05:22
So I believe that we have
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
05:25
an ethic that the Earth grows our food,
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ืชื•ืจืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืžื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
05:28
and we need to move to an ethic in this century
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืจืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื–ืืช
05:30
that the Earth should grow our homes.
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ืฉื”ืื“ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ื ื•.
05:33
Now, how are we going to do that
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ื›ืขืช, ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
05:34
when we're urbanizing at this rate
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”
05:36
and we think about wood buildings only at four stories?
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืขืฅ ืจืง ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 4 ืงื•ืžื•ืช?
05:38
We need to reduce the concrete and steel and we need
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืœื“ื” ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
05:41
to grow bigger, and what we've been working on
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ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•
ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 30 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืขืฅ.
05:43
is 30-story tall buildings made of wood.
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05:47
We've been engineering them with an engineer
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ืžื”ื ื“ืก
05:51
named Eric Karsh who works with me on it,
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ื‘ืฉื ืืจื™ืง ืงืืจืฉ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
05:53
and we've been doing this new work because
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืฉื•ื
05:56
there are new wood products out there for us to use,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืขืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืชื.
05:58
and we call them mass timber panels.
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ื•ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฅ ื‘ืžืกื”.
06:00
These are panels made with young trees,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
06:03
small growth trees, small pieces of wood
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ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš, ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฅ
06:06
glued together to make panels that are enormous:
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ืžื•ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื:
06:09
eight feet wide, 64 feet long, and of various thicknesses.
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2.50 ืžื˜ืจ ืจื•ื—ื‘,19.5 ืžื˜ืจ ืื•ืจืš ื•ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
06:13
The way I describe this best, I've found, is to say
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™, ื–ื” ืœื•ืžืจ
06:16
that we're all used to two-by-four construction
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ืฉืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 2 ืขืœ 4
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฅ.
06:19
when we think about wood.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืžืกืงื ื”.
06:20
That's what people jump to as a conclusion.
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06:22
Two-by-four construction is sort of like the little
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ืฉืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ 2 ืขืœ 4 ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื•
06:24
eight-dot bricks of Lego that we all played with as kids,
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ืœื‘ื ื™ ืœื’ื• ื›ื™ ืฉืœ 8 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืœื’ื•
06:27
and you can make all kinds of cool things out of Lego
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06:29
at that size, and out of two-by-fours.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืž - 2 ืขืœ 4.
06:32
But do remember when you were a kid,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
06:33
and you kind of sifted through the pile in your basement,
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ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืชื ืขืจื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืจืชืฃ ืฉืœื›ื,
ื•ืžืฆืืชื ืœื‘ื ืช ืœื’ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ 24 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช,
06:36
and you found that big 24-dot brick of Lego,
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06:38
and you were kind of like,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ื–ื”,
06:39
"Cool, this is awesome. I can build something really big,
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"ืงื•ืœ, ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช,
06:41
and this is going to be great."
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืœื."
06:43
That's the change.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
06:44
Mass timber panels are those 24-dot bricks.
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ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฅ ื‘ืžืกื” ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช 24 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
06:47
They're changing the scale of what we can do,
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ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
06:49
and what we've developed is something we call FFTT,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• FFTT,
06:51
which is a Creative Commons solution
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—
06:54
to building a very flexible system
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจืš ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“
06:59
of building with these large panels where we tilt up
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืคืื ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
07:01
six stories at a time if we want to.
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ืœื”ืจื™ื 6 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื ื ืจืฆื” ื–ืืช.
07:05
This animation shows you how the building goes together
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ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื ื”
07:09
in a very simple way, but these buildings are available
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื
07:12
for architects and engineers now to build on
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ืœืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืชื
07:15
for different cultures in the world,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
07:16
different architectural styles and characters.
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ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
07:19
In order for us to build safely,
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”,
07:22
we've engineered these buildings, actually,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืชื›ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
07:24
to work in a Vancouver context,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ,
07:26
where we're a high seismic zone,
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”,
07:27
even at 30 stories tall.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 30 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
07:31
Now obviously, every time I bring this up,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืœื” ื–ืืช,
07:32
people even, you know, here at the conference, say,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ื ืก, ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
07:34
"Are you serious? Thirty stories? How's that going to happen?"
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"ืืชื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™? ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืงื•ืžื•ืช? ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช?"
07:37
And there's a lot of really good questions that are asked
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœื•ืช
07:41
and important questions that we spent quite a long time
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ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
07:43
working on the answers to as we put together
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื”ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
07:45
our report and the peer reviewed report.
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ืืช ื”ื“ื•"ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื“ื•ื— ื•ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื.
07:48
I'm just going to focus on a few of them,
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื,
07:49
and let's start with fire, because I think fire
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืฉ
07:51
is probably the first one that you're all thinking about right now.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™.
07:54
Fair enough.
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07:54
And the way I describe it is this.
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื•.
07:56
If I asked you to take a match and light it
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœืงื—ืช ื’ืคืจื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืื•ืชื•
07:58
and hold up a log and try to get that log to go on fire,
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ื•ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืฅ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืฉ,
08:02
it doesn't happen, right? We all know that.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
08:04
But to build a fire, you kind of start with small pieces
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืฉ, ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช
08:07
of wood and you work your way up,
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ืขืฅ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืžืฉื,
08:08
and eventually you can add the log to the fire,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืœืืฉ,
08:11
and when you do add the log to the fire, of course,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืœืืฉ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืจืฃ ืœืื˜.
08:14
it burns, but it burns slowly.
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08:16
Well, mass timber panels, these new products
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฅ ื‘ืžืกื”, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืืœื•
08:18
that we're using, are much like the log.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืฅ.
08:20
It's hard to start them on fire, and when they do,
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืื•ืชื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื“ืœืงื™ื,
08:23
they actually burn extraordinarily predictably,
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืฉืจืคื™ื ืžืื“ ื›ืฆืคื•ื™,
08:26
and we can use fire science in order to predict
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื”ืืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช
08:28
and make these buildings as safe as concrete
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
08:30
and as safe as steel.
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ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืœื“ื”.
08:33
The next big issue, deforestation.
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ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
08:36
Eighteen percent of our contribution
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18-ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•
08:38
to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide
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ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:40
is the result of deforestation.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
08:42
The last thing we want to do is cut down trees.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื.
08:45
Or, the last thing we want to do is cut down the wrong trees.
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ืื•, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
08:49
There are models for sustainable forestry
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื
08:52
that allow us to cut trees properly,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื—ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืฆื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™,
08:54
and those are the only trees appropriate
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื
08:56
to use for these kinds of systems.
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช.
08:58
Now I actually think that these ideas
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
09:00
will change the economics of deforestation.
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
09:04
In countries with deforestation issues,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืขืจื•ืช,
09:06
we need to find a way to provide
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืกืคืง
09:08
better value for the forest
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ืขืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขืจ
09:11
and actually encourage people to make money
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ
09:13
through very fast growth cycles --
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ื“ืจืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“-
09:15
10-, 12-, 15-year-old trees that make these products
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ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 10, 12, 15 ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื”
09:18
and allow us to build at this scale.
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื”.
09:20
We've calculated a 20-story building:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 20 ืงื•ืžื•ืช:
09:23
We'll grow enough wood in North America every 13 minutes.
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ืื ื• ื ื’ื“ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขืฅ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ืœ 13 ื“ืงื•ืช.
09:26
That's how much it takes.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš.
09:28
The carbon story here is a really good one.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:31
If we built a 20-story building out of cement and concrete,
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ืื ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 20 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืžืœื˜ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
09:35
the process would result in the manufacturing
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
09:37
of that cement and 1,200 tonnes of carbon dioxide.
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ืฉืœ ืžืœื˜ ื–ื” ื•-1,200 ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ.
09:41
If we did it in wood, in this solution,
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ืื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขืฅ, ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื”,
09:44
we'd sequester about 3,100 tonnes,
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ืื ื• ื ืคืงื™ืข ื›- 3,100 ื˜ื•ืŸ,
09:45
for a net difference of 4,300 tonnes.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื ื˜ื• ืฉืœ 4,300 ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช.
09:48
That's the equivalent of about 900 cars
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›-900 ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
09:51
removed from the road in one year.
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ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ื• ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช.
09:54
Think back to that three billion people
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ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
09:55
that need a new home,
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ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ,
09:57
and maybe this is a contributor to reducing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ืคื—ืชื”.
10:00
We're at the beginning of a revolution, I hope,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”,
10:02
in the way we build, because this is the first new way
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื“ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžื–ื” 100 ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:05
to build a skyscraper in probably 100 years or more.
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10:09
But the challenge is changing society's perception
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
10:12
of possibility, and it's a huge challenge.
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ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื.
10:14
The engineering is, truthfully, the easy part of this.
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ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงืœ ืคื”.
10:17
And the way I describe it is this.
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื.
10:20
The first skyscraper, technically --
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ื’ื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช-
10:22
and the definition of a skyscraper is 10 stories tall, believe it or not โ€”
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ื•ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื“ ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื 10 ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” -ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื-
10:24
but the first skyscraper was this one in Chicago,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื•,
ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื“ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
10:27
and people were terrified to walk underneath this building.
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10:30
But only four years after it was built,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื•,
10:31
Gustave Eiffel was building the Eiffel Tower,
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ื’ื•ืกื˜ื‘ ืื™ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœ,
10:34
and as he built the Eiffel Tower,
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ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœ,
10:36
he changed the skylines of the cities of the world,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืงื• ื”ืจืงื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:40
changed and created a competition
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ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื™ืฆืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืช
10:43
between places like New York City and Chicago,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ืฉื™ืงื’ื•,
10:46
where developers started building bigger and bigger buildings
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ืฉื ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
ื•ื“ื—ืคื• ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:49
and pushing the envelope up higher and higher
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10:52
with better and better engineering.
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ืขื ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
10:54
We built this model in New York, actually,
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
10:56
as a theoretical model on the campus
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ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก
10:59
of a technical university soon to come,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
11:01
and the reason we picked this site
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื–ื”
11:03
to just show you what these buildings may look like,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช,
11:06
because the exterior can change.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
11:07
It's really just the structure that we're talking about.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•.
11:10
The reason we picked it is because this is a technical university,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช,
11:13
and I believe that wood is the most
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
11:15
technologically advanced material I can build with.
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ื”ื›ื™ ืžืชืงื“ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืชื•.
11:19
It just happens to be that Mother Nature holds the patent,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืืžื ืื“ืžื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืคื˜ื ื˜,
11:22
and we don't really feel comfortable with it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ื–ื”.
11:24
But that's the way it should be,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
11:26
nature's fingerprints in the built environment.
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ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”.
11:30
I'm looking for this opportunity
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ืื ื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื•
11:32
to create an Eiffel Tower moment, we call it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืข ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœื™, ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื”.
11:35
Buildings are starting to go up around the world.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืก ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:37
There's a building in London that's nine stories,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ 9 ืงื•ืžื•ืช,
11:39
a new building that just finished in Australia
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ืจืง ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”
11:41
that I believe is 10 or 11.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื 10 ืื• 11.
11:43
We're starting to push the height up of these wood buildings,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืืœื”,
11:47
and we're hoping, and I'm hoping,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”,
11:49
that my hometown of Vancouver actually potentially
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ืฉืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื”
11:52
announces the world's tallest at around 20 stories
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 20 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
11:54
in the not-so-distant future.
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืœื-ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืง.
11:57
That Eiffel Tower moment will break the ceiling,
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ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ืื™ื™ืคืœื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงืจื”,
12:00
these arbitrary ceilings of height,
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ืชืงืจื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื”,
12:01
and allow wood buildings to join the competition.
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ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื™ ืขืฅ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช.
12:04
And I believe the race is ultimately on.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชืงื“ื.
12:06
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
12:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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