Noah Wilson-Rich: Every city needs healthy honey bees

8,451 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
This man is wearing what we call
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื˜ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื”
00:16
a bee beard. (Laughter)
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"ื–ืงืŸ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:19
A beard full of bees.
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ื–ืงืŸ ืžืœื ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
00:20
Now, this is what many of you might picture
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ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื
00:23
when you think about honeybees, maybe insects,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™-ื“ื‘ืฉ, ืขืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื,
00:26
or maybe anything that has more legs than two.
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ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
00:29
And let me start by telling you, I gotcha.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื: ืงืœื˜ืชื™ ืืชื›ื.
00:32
I understand that. But, there are many things to know,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
00:36
and I want you to open your minds here,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืคืชื—ื• ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื,
00:39
keep them open, and change your perspective about honeybees.
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ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืชืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื›ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ.
00:43
Notice that this man is not getting stung.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขืงืฅ.
00:46
He probably has a queen bee tied to his chin,
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ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื ื˜ืจื• ืžืœื›ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
00:49
and the other bees are attracted to it.
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ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”.
00:51
So this really demonstrates our relationship with honeybees,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื• ืขื ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ,
00:55
and that goes deep back for thousands of years.
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ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:59
We're very co-evolved, because we depend on bees
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ืžืื“ ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“, ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
01:02
for pollination and, even more recently,
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ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืื‘ืงื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:05
as an economic commodity.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
01:07
Many of you may have heard that honeybees are disappearing,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขื• ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืœืžื•ืช.
01:10
not just dying, but they're gone.
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ืœื ืกืชื ืžืชื•ืช, ืืœื ื ืขืœืžื•ืช.
01:12
We don't even find dead bodies.
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ืื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
01:14
This is called colony collapse disorder,
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ื”ืคืจืขืช ืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”",
01:16
and it's bizarre. Researchers around the globe
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ื•ื–ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื•ื–ืจื”. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:19
still do not know what's causing it,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš,
01:21
but what we do know is that, with the declining numbers
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ืืš ืื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœืฆื“ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื,
01:24
of bees, the costs of over 130 fruit and vegetable crops
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ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-130 ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช
01:28
that we rely on for food is going up in price.
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ืฉืื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœืžื–ื•ื ื ื•, ืขื•ืœื™ื.
01:33
So honeybees are important for their role in the economy
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ื›ืš ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื”
01:37
as well as in agriculture.
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ื•ื’ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
01:39
Here you can see some pictures of what are called
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื”
01:41
green roofs, or urban agriculture.
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"ื’ื’ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื" ืื• ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช.
01:43
We're familiar with the image on the left that shows
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ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืฉืžืจืื”
01:45
a local neighborhood garden in the South End.
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ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ.
01:48
That's where I call home. I have a beehive in the backyard.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื• ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช.
01:51
And perhaps a green roof in the future,
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ื•ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื’ื ื’ื’ ื™ืจื•ืง,
01:53
when we're further utilizing urban areas,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื ืฆืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื,
01:55
where there are stacks of garden spaces.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ.
01:59
Check out this image above the orange line in Boston.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ืžืขืœ ืœืงื• ืื•ืจื ื’' ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
02:02
Try to spot the beehive. It's there.
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ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช. ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื.
02:06
It's on the rooftop, right on the corner there,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’, ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืคื™ื ื”.
02:08
and it's been there for a couple of years now.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
02:11
The way that urban beekeeping currently operates
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืš,
02:14
is that the beehives are quite hidden,
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ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกืชืจื•ืช,
02:17
and it's not because they need to be.
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ื•ืœื ืžืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขืฉื™,
02:19
It's just because people are uncomfortable with the idea,
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ืืœื ืจืง ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ,
02:22
and that's why I want you today to try to think about this,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
02:25
think about the benefits of bees in cities
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
02:28
and why they really are a terrific thing.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื.
02:30
Let me give you a brief rundown on how pollination works.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืงืฆืจืฆืจ ืื™ืš ื”ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
02:33
So we know flowers, we know fruits and vegetables,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช,
02:35
even some alfalfa in hay that the livestock
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืืกืคืกืช ืฉื‘ืžืกืคื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง
02:39
for the meats that we eat, rely on pollinators,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื,
02:41
but you've got male and female parts to a plant here,
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ื‘ืฆืžื— ื™ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื ืงื‘ื™ื™ื,
02:44
and basically pollinators are attracted to plants
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ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื
02:47
for their nectar, and in the process,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฆื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš,
02:50
a bee will visit some flowers and pick up some pollen,
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ืงืจืช ื›ืžื” ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืกืคืช ืงืฆืช ืื‘ืงื”,
02:54
or that male kind of sperm counterpart, along the way,
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื–ืจืข ื”ื–ื›ืจื™, ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš,
02:57
and then travel to different flowers, and eventually
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ื•ืื– ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืคืจื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
03:00
an apple, in this case, will be produced.
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ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืชืคื•ื—, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”.
03:03
You can see the orientation. The stem is down.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ: ื”ืคื˜ื•ื˜ืจืช ื ื•ืคืœืช.
03:05
The blossom end has fallen off by the time we eat it,
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ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืคืœืช ืขื“ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
03:08
but that's a basic overview of how pollination works.
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ื–ื• ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื”ื”ืื‘ืงื”.
03:11
And let's think about urban living, not today,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:14
and not in the past, but what about in a hundred years?
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืืœื ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ 100 ืฉื ื”?
03:17
What's it gonna look like? We have huge grand challenges
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื”? ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
03:21
these days of habitat loss. We have more and more people,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื™-ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
03:25
billions of people, in 100 years, God knows how many people,
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ 100 ืฉื ื” ื”ืืœ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื•,
03:28
and how little space there will be to fit all of them,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืงื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื,
03:31
so we need to change the way that we see cities, and
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืจื™ื,
03:35
looking at this picture on the left of New York City today,
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ื•ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืืœ, ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื›ื™ื•ื,
03:38
you can see how gray and brown it is.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ื.
03:40
We have tar paper on the rooftops that bounces heat back
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื–ืคืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื
03:44
into the atmosphere,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”,
03:46
contributing to global climate change, no doubt.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
03:48
What about in 100 years, if we have green rooftops
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ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ 100 ืฉื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื’ื’ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื
03:50
everywhere, and gardening, and we create our own crops
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ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:54
right in the cities? We save on the costs of transportation,
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ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ? ื ื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ืœื”,
03:57
we save on a healthier diet, and we also educate
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ื ื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ื ื—ื ืš
04:01
and create new jobs locally.
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ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
04:03
We need bees for the future of our cities and urban living.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืชื™ื“ ืขืจื™ื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
04:08
Here's some data that we collected through our company
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืกืคื ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:11
with Best Bees, where we deliver, install and manage
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"ื‘ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื–", ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ื
04:14
honeybee hives for anybody who wants them,
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ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™-ื“ื‘ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื”,
04:16
in the city, in the countryside, and we introduce honeybees,
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื•ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ
04:20
and the idea of beekeeping in your own backyard or rooftop
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ื•ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช
04:23
or fire escape, for even that matter,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
04:25
and seeing how simple it is and how possible it is.
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ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
04:28
There's a counterintuitive trend that we noticed
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ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื’ืžื” ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”
04:30
in these numbers. So let's look at the first metric here,
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืœืžืขืœื”,
04:34
overwintering survival.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืชืจื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
04:35
Now this has been a huge problem for many years,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:38
basically since the late 1980s, when the varroa mite came
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืื– ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80, ื›ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ืื”
04:42
and brought many different viruses, bacteria
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื™ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื
04:45
and fungal diseases with it.
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ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
04:47
Overwintering success is hard,
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ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ืชืจื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ,
04:49
and that's when most of the colonies are lost,
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ืื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช,
04:51
and we found that in the cities, bees are surviving
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ื•ืื ื• ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืจื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืจื“ื•ืช
04:54
better than they are in the country.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
04:56
A bit counterintuitive, right?
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ืงืฆืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:58
We think, oh, bees, countryside, agriculture,
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื: "ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื - ื›ืคืจ - ื—ืงืœืื•ืช",
05:00
but that's not what the bees are showing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
05:03
The bees like it in the city. (Laughter)
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:05
Furthermore, they also produce more honey.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš: ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืฉ.
05:08
The urban honey is delicious.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื.
05:11
The bees in Boston on the rooftop of the Seaport Hotel,
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื’ื’ ืžืœื•ืŸ "ืกื™ืคื•ืจื˜",
05:14
where we have hundreds of thousands of bees
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ืฉืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
05:16
flying overheard right now
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ืฉืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช ืžืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
05:18
that I'm sure none of you noticed when we walked by,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื™ืฉ ืžื›ื ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืฉื,
05:20
are going to all of the local community gardens
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ืขืคื•ืช ืืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
05:22
and making delicious, healthy honey
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืฉ ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
05:25
that just tastes like the flowers in our city.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื ื•.
05:28
So the yield for urban hives, in terms of honey production,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืฉ,
05:32
is higher as well as the overwintering survival,
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ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืชืจื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ,
05:36
compared to rural areas.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
05:37
Again, a bit counterintuitive.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืขื˜ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”.
05:39
And looking back historically at the timeline
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ื•ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืงื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ
05:42
of honeybee health, we can go back to the year 950 and see
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืช 950 ื•ืœืจืื•ืช
05:46
that there was also a great mortality of bees in Ireland.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืชืžื•ืชื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“.
05:50
So the problems of bees today isn't necessarily
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
05:53
something new. It has been happening
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ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื’ื
05:55
since over a thousand years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื™ื,
05:57
but what we don't really notice are these problems in cities.
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ืืš ืื ื• ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
06:01
So one thing I want to encourage you to think about
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ืื– ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
06:03
is the idea of what an urban island is.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
06:06
You think in the city maybe the temperature's warmer.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:09
Why are bees doing better in the city?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ?
06:10
This is a big question now to help us understand
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
06:13
why they should be in the city.
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
06:15
Perhaps there's more pollen in the city.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืงื”.
06:17
With the trains coming in to urban hubs, they can
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ื›ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื,
06:20
carry pollen with them, very light pollen,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืื™ืชืŸ ืื‘ืงื” ืงืœื” ืžืื“,
06:22
and it's just a big supermarket in the city.
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ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืจื›ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
06:25
A lot of linden trees live along the railroad tracks.
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ ืชืจื–ื” ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช.
06:28
Perhaps there are fewer pesticides in the cities
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”
06:31
than there are in [rural] areas.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื.
06:33
Perhaps there are other things that we're just not thinking about yet,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื,
06:36
but that's one idea to think about, urban islands.
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ืืš ื”ื ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•: ื”ืื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
06:39
And colony collapse disorder is not the only thing
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ื•ืงืจื™ืกืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
06:43
affecting honeybees. Honeybees are dying,
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ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ. ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื’ื•ืกืกื•ืช,
06:46
and it's a huge, huge grand challenge of our time.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•.
06:49
What you can see up here is a map of the world,
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืžืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:52
and we're tracking the spread of this varroa mite.
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ืื”.
06:55
Now, the varroa mite is what changed the game
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ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง
06:58
in beekeeping, and you can see, at the top right,
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ื‘ื›ื•ื•ืจื ื•ืช, ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”,
07:01
the years are changing, we're coming up to modern times,
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
07:04
and you can see the spread of the varroa mite
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ืื”
07:06
from the early 1900s through now.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
07:09
It's 1968, and we're pretty much covering Asia.
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ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” 1968, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืกื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืกื™ื”.
07:12
1971, we saw it spread to Europe and South America,
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1971, ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
07:16
and then, when we get to the 1980s,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80,
07:20
and specifically to 1987, the varroa mite finally came
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ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ 1987, ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ืื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ
07:24
to North America and to the United States,
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ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืœืืจื”"ื‘,
07:27
and that is when the game changed
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ื•ืื– ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื ื”
07:29
for honeybees in the United States.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
07:32
Many of us will remember our childhood growing up,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื,
07:34
maybe you got stung by a bee, you saw bees on flowers.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ืขืงืฆืชื ืข"ื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืจืื™ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื—ื™ื.
07:36
Think of the kids today. Their childhood's a bit different.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”.
07:40
They don't experience this.
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ื”ื ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
07:42
The bees just aren't around anymore.
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
07:45
So we need bees and they're disappearing and it's a big problem.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื ืขืœืžื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช.
07:48
What can we do here?
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ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
07:50
So, what I do is honeybee research.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ.
07:52
I got my Ph.D. studying honeybee health.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชื•ืืจ ื“"ืจ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ.
07:54
I started in 2005 studying honeybees.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘-2005.
07:58
In 2006, honeybees started disappearing,
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ื‘-2006, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืขืœื,
08:00
so suddenly, like, this little nerd kid
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ื•ืœืคืชืข, ื”ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
08:03
going to school working with bugs โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื—ืจืงื™ื-- [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:05
became very relevant in the world.
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ื ืขืฉื” ืžืื“ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™.
08:07
And it worked out that way.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”.
08:08
So my research focuses on ways to make bees healthier.
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
08:12
I don't research what's killing the bees, per se.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื”ื• ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
08:15
I'm not one of the many researchers around the world
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:17
who's looking at the effects of pesticides or diseases
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ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช
08:20
or habitat loss and poor nutrition on bees.
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ืื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
08:23
We're looking at ways to make bees healthier
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ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
08:25
through vaccines, through yogurt, like probiotics,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”,
08:29
and other types of therapies in ways that can be fed orally to bees,
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ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”,
08:33
and this process is so easy, even a 7-year-old can do it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืœ ืžืื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืŸ 7 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:36
You just mix up some pollen, sugar and water,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืงืฆืช ืื‘ืงื”, ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžื™ื,
08:39
and whatever active ingredient you want to put in,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ,
08:41
and you just give it right to the bees. No chemicals involved,
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ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื,
08:43
just immune boosters.
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ืจืง ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช.
08:45
Humans think about our own health in a prospective way.
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ื›ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
08:47
We exercise, we eat healthy, we take vitamins.
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ืื ื• ืžืชืขืžืœื™ื, ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื.
08:50
Why don't we think about honeybees in that same type of way?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ?
08:53
Bring them to areas where they're thriving
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉื’ืฉื’ื•
08:55
and try to make them healthier before they get sick.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื—ืœื•.
08:59
I spent many years in grad school trying to poke bees and do vaccines
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื“ืงืจืชื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื
09:03
with needles. (Laughter) Like, years,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื—ื˜ื™ื. [ืฆื—ื•ืง] ืฉื ื™ื!
09:06
years at the bench, "Oh my gosh, it's 3 a.m.
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ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ. "ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™, ื›ื‘ืจ 3 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ
09:09
and I'm still pricking bees." (Laughter)
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืงืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:10
And then one day I said, "Why don't we just do an oral vaccine?"
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœืžื” ืœื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืื•ืจืืœื™?"
09:14
It's like, "Ugh," so that's what we do. (Laughter)
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ื“ื”". ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:19
I'd love to share with you some images of urban beehives,
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
09:22
because they can be anything.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืš ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
09:24
I mean, really open your mind with this.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
09:26
You can paint a hive to match your home.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื›ืš ืฉืชืชืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช.
09:28
You can hide a hive inside your home.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
09:32
These are three hives on the rooftop
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ืืœื” 3 ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’
09:33
of the Fairmont Copley Plaza Hotel,
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ืฉืœ ืžืœื•ืŸ "ืคื™ื™ืจืžื•ื ื˜ ืงื•ืคืœื™ ืคืœื–ื”",
09:36
and they're beautiful here. I mean, we matched
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ื”ืชืืžื ื•
09:38
the new color of the inside of their rooms to do
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ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
09:41
some type of a stained wood with blue for their sheets,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฅ ืžื•ื›ืชื ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืกื“ื™ื ื™ื,
09:44
and these bees are terrific, and they also will use
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ื•ืืœื” ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžื ืฆืœื•ืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื‘ืœื™ืŸ
09:47
herbs that are growing in the garden.
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ืฉื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”.
09:50
That's what the chefs go to to use for their cooking,
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ืœื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืฉืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™-ื’ืœื ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ,
09:53
and the honey -- they do live events --
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ-- ื”ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื--
09:55
they'll use that honey at their bars.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
09:57
Honey is a great nutritional substitute for regular sugar
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ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ
09:59
because there are different types of sugars in there.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
10:01
We also have a classroom hives project,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืžื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช,
10:04
where -- this is a nonprofit venture --
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ืฉื‘ื•-- ื–ื• ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—--
10:06
we're spreading the word around the world for how
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ืื ื• ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžืจืช
10:10
honeybee hives can be taken into the classroom
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“
10:12
or into the museum setting, behind glass,
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ื•ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช,
10:14
and used as an educational tool.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™.
10:17
This hive that you see here has been
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ
10:18
in Fenway High School for many years now.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก "ืคื ื•ื•ื™ื™" ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
10:21
The bees fly right into the outfield of Fenway Park.
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืœ ืฉื•ืœื™ ืคืืจืง ืคื ื•ื•ื™ื™.
10:23
Nobody notices it. If you're not a flower,
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ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืคืจื—,
10:25
these bees do not care about you. (Laughter)
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืชืชื™ื™ื—ืกื ื” ืืœื™ื›ื. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:27
They don't. They don't. They'll say,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื. ืžืžืฉ ืœื. ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช:
10:30
"S'cuse me, flying around." (Laughter)
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"ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืืŸ." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:33
Some other images here in telling a part of the story
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืฉืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
10:35
that really made urban beekeeping terrific is
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ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืคืœืื”,
10:38
in New York City, beekeeping was illegal until 2010.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืขื“ 2010.
10:41
That's a big problem, because what's going to pollinate
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืš ื™ืื‘ื™ืงื•
10:44
all of the gardens and the produce locally? Hands?
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช? ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื?
10:48
I mean, locally in Boston, there is a terrific company
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช
10:51
called Green City Growers, and they are going
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ื‘ืฉื "ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื”", ื•ื”ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื
10:54
and pollinating their squash crops by hand with Q-Tips,
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ื•ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ืœืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืงืœื•ืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื,
10:57
and if they miss that three day window, there's no fruit.
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ื•ืื ื”ื ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช 3 ื™ืžื™ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื™.
11:00
Their clients aren't happy, and people go hungry.
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ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจืขื‘ื•.
11:03
So this is important.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
11:05
We have also some images of honey from Brooklyn.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ.
11:07
Now, this was a mystery in the New York Times
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ื‘"ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก" ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืขืœื•ืžื”
11:09
where the honey was very red, and the
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืื“ื•ื,
11:10
New York State forensics department came in
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ื•ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
11:12
and they actually did some science to match
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ื•ื”ื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช
11:15
the red dye with that found
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ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ื
11:17
in a maraschino cherry factory down the street. (Laughter)
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ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืœืœื™ืงืจ ื“ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
11:20
So you can tailor your honey to taste however you want
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ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืื™ืš ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื
11:24
by planting bee-friendly flowers.
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ืข"ื™ ืฉืชื™ืœืช ืคืจื—ื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
11:26
Paris has been a terrific model for urban beekeeping.
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ืคืจื™ืก ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืจื ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช.
11:29
They've had hives on the rooftop of their opera house
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื”
11:31
for many years now, and that's what really got people started, thinking,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
11:34
"Wow, we can do this, and we should do this."
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"ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื–ืืช, ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช."
11:38
Also in London, and in Europe across the board,
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ื’ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
11:41
they're very advanced in their use of green rooftops
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืื“ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื’ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื
11:44
and integrating beehives,
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ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื,
11:46
and I'll show you an ending note here.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ืช ืกื™ื•ื.
11:49
I would like to encourage you to open your mind.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืชื›ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ.
11:52
What can you do to save the bees or to help them
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ืžื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ
11:55
or to think of sustainable cities in the future?
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ืื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
11:58
Well, really, just change your perspective.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืจืง ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืชื›ื.
12:00
Try to understand that bees are very important.
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ื ืกื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:02
A bee isn't going to sting you if you see it.
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืืชื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื ืชืขืงื•ืฅ ืืชื›ื.
12:05
The bee dies. Honeybees die when they sting,
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ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืชื”. ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ืงืฆื•ืช,
12:08
so they don't want to do it either. (Laughter)
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ืื– ื’ื ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
12:11
It's nothing to panic about. They're all over the city.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ ืžื”ืŸ. ื”ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
12:15
You could even get your own hive if you want.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื•ื•ืจืช ืžืฉืœื›ื, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
12:17
There are great resources available,
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ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ ื ื”ื“ืจ ื•ื–ืžื™ืŸ,
12:19
and there are even companies that will help get you set up and mentor you
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื”
12:21
and it's important for our educational system in the world
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
12:25
for students to learn about agriculture worldwide
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ืฉืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
12:27
such as this little girl, who, again, is not even getting stung.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืฉืฉื•ื‘, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ืขืงืฆืช.
12:31
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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