Julian Baggini: Is there a real you?

213,405 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Is there a real you?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื• ืืชื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™?
00:13
This might seem to you like a very odd question.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื™ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืœื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืžืื“.
00:16
Because, you might ask,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ
00:18
how do we find the real you,
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ืื™ืš ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืืชื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
00:21
how do you know what the real you is?
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ื”ื• ืืชื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™?
00:23
And so forth.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”
00:24
But the idea that there must be a real you,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื” ืืžื™ืชื™
00:27
surely that's obvious.
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ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
00:28
If there's anything real in the world, it's you.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื–ื” ืืชื”.
00:31
Well, I'm not quite sure.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
00:33
At least we have to understand a bit better what that means.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ.
00:36
Now certainly, I think there are lots of things in our culture around us
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ื›ืขืช, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
00:40
which sort of reinforce the idea
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ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
00:42
that for each one of us, we have a kind of a core, an essence.
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ื”, ืžื”ื•ืช,
00:46
There is something about what it means to be you which defines you,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš,
00:49
and it's kind of permanent and unchanging.
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฉืชื ื”
00:52
The most kind of crude way in which we have it,
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ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
00:53
are things like horoscopes.
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ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื.
00:55
You know, people are very wedded to these, actually.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื“ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
00:58
People put them on their Facebook profile
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœื”ื
01:00
as though they are meaningul,
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
01:01
you even know your Chinese horoscope as well.
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ืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
01:04
There are also more scientific versions of this,
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
01:06
all sorts of ways of profiling personality type,
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
01:09
such as the Myers-Briggs tests, for example.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจื“-ื‘ืจื™ื’ืก, ืœืžืฉืœ.
01:12
I don't know if you've done those.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืขืฉื™ืชื ืื•ืชื.
01:13
A lot of companies use these for recruitment.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืฉื ื’ื™ื•ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:15
You answer a lot of questions,
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ืืชื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช,
01:19
and this is supposed to reveal something about your core personality.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
01:22
And of course, the popular fascination with this is enormous.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืงืกื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื•ื.
01:26
In magazines like this, you'll see,
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ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”, ืชืจืื•,
01:27
in the bottom left corner, they'll advertise in virtually every issue
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ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื”ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื”
01:31
some kind of personality thing.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
01:33
And if you pick up one of those magazines,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
01:35
it's hard to resist, isn't it?
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ืงืฉื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื™, ืœื ื›ืš?
01:36
Doing the test to find what is your learning style,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื”ื• ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
01:39
what is your loving style, or what is your working style?
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ืžื”ื• ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืื• ืžื”ื• ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื?
01:42
Are you this kind of person or that?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื”, ืื• ืื—ืจ?
01:44
So I think that we have a common-sense idea
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
01:48
that there is a kind of core or essence of ourselves
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ื”, ืื• ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
01:51
to be discovered.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืช.
01:53
And that this is kind of a permanent truth about ourselves,
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•,
01:56
something that's the same throughout life.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื”ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:58
Well, that's the idea I want to challenge.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืืชื’ืจ.
02:02
And I have to say now, I'll say it a bit later,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ,
02:04
but I'm not challenging this just because I'm weird,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
02:07
the challenge actually has a very, very long and distinguished history.
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ืœืืชื’ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืื“ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช
02:11
Here's the common-sense idea.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™
02:13
There is you.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืชื›ื.
02:14
You are the individuals you are, and you have this kind of core.
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ืืชื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ื”.
02:17
Now in your life, what happens is that you, of course,
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื, ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื–ื” ืฉืืชื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
02:22
accumulate different experiences and so forth.
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ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”,
02:24
So you have memories,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:26
and these memories help to create what you are.
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ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื.
02:28
You have desires, maybe for a cookie,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื•ื’ื™ื™ื”,
02:31
maybe for something that we don't want to talk about
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
02:34
at 11 o'clock in the morning in a school.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” 11 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ.
02:36
You will have beliefs.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืืžื•ื ื•ืช.
02:38
This is a number plate from someone in America.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœื•ื—ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
02:40
I don't know whether this number plate, which says "messiah 1,"
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืœื•ื—ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจืช "ืžืฉื™ื— 1"
02:42
indicates that the driver believes in the messiah,
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ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื™ื—,
02:45
or that they are the messiah.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื—.
02:47
Either way, they have beliefs about messiahs.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื.
02:50
We have knowledge.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื“ื™ืขื”.
02:51
We have sensations and experiences as well.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:53
It's not just intellectual things.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื
02:56
So this is kind of the common-sense model, I think,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
02:58
of what a person is.
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ืฉืœ ืžื”ื• ื”ืื“ื,
03:00
There is a person who has all the things that make up our life experiences.
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ื™ืฉ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
03:06
But the suggestion I want to put to you today
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
03:08
is that there's something fundamentally wrong with this model.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
03:12
And I can show you what's wrong with one click.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ
03:14
Which is there isn't actually a "you" at the heart of all these experiences.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” "ืืชื”" ื‘ืœื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:21
Strange thought? Well, maybe not.
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ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื”? ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื.
03:23
What is there, then?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื, ืื ื›ืŸ?
03:25
Well, clearly there are memories, desires, intentions, sensations,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช,
03:28
and so forth.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
03:30
But what happens is these things exist,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
03:32
and they're kind of all integrated,
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื,
03:34
they're overlapped, they're connected in various different ways.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืคืคื™ื, ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:38
They're connecting partly, and perhaps even mainly,
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ,
03:40
because they all belong to one body and one brain.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœืžื•ื— ืื—ื“.
03:44
But there's also a narrative, a story we tell about ourselves,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•,
03:47
the experiences we have when we remember past things.
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ.
03:50
We do things because of other things.
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ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:52
So what we desire is partly a result of what we believe,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื,
03:56
and what we remember is also informing us what we know.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
03:59
And so really, there are all these things,
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
04:02
like beliefs, desires, sensations, experiences,
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ื›ืžื• ืืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช,
04:05
they're all related to each other,
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”,
04:07
and that just is you.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืชื”.
04:11
In some ways, it's a small difference from the common-sense understanding.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ
04:16
In some ways, it's a massive one.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™.
04:18
It's the shift between thinking of yourself
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ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš
04:20
as a thing which has all the experiences of life,
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ื›ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
04:24
and thinking of yourself as simply that collection
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืœ ืื•ืกืฃ ื–ื”
04:26
of all experiences in life.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš.
04:28
You are the sum of your parts.
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ืืชื” ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœืš.
04:31
Now those parts are also physical parts, of course,
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ื’ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
04:33
brains, bodies and legs and things,
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ืžื•ื—, ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:35
but they aren't so important, actually.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขืฆื.
04:38
If you have a heart transplant, you're still the same person.
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ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืœื‘, ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื.
04:40
If you have a memory transplant, are you the same person?
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ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื“ื?
04:43
If you have a belief transplant, would you be the same person?
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ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื?
04:46
Now this idea, that what we are, the way to understand ourselves,
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ื›ืขืช, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
04:51
is as not of some permanent being, which has experiences,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช,
04:55
but is kind of a collection of experiences,
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ืืœื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช,
04:58
might strike you as kind of weird.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื•ื–ืจื”.
05:00
But actually, I don't think it should be weird.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ
05:03
In a way, it's common sense.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
05:04
Because I just invite you to think about, by comparison,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”,
05:09
think about pretty much anything else in the universe,
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื,
05:12
maybe apart from the very most fundamental forces or powers.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.
05:14
Let's take something like water.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื.
05:17
Now my science isn't very good.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:20
We might say something like water has two parts hydrogen
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ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•, ืœืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ
05:23
and one parts oxygen, right?
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:25
We all know that.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
05:26
I hope no one in this room thinks that what that means
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
05:30
is there is a thing called water, and attached to it
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื™ื, ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•
05:34
are hydrogen and oxygen atoms,
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ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ื—ืžืฆืŸ,
05:37
and that's what water is.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื.
05:38
Of course we don't.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื.
05:39
We understand, very easily, very straightforwardly,
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจ,
05:42
that water is nothing more
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ืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:44
than the hydrogen and oxygen molecules suitably arranged.
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ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉืžืกื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™.
05:49
Everything else in the universe is the same.
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:51
There's no mystery about my watch, for example.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื.
05:55
We say the watch has a face, and hands,
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ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœืฉืขื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช,
05:58
and a mechanism and a battery,
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ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื•ืœืœื”,
06:00
But what we really mean is,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื,
06:01
we don't think there is a thing called the watch
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืฉืขื•ืŸ
06:03
to which we then attach all these bits.
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ืฉืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
06:05
We understand very clearly that you get the parts of the watch,
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ,
06:08
you put them together, and you create a watch.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืŸ.
06:10
Now if everything else in the universe is like this,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”,
06:13
why are we different?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื?
06:15
Why think of ourselves
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ืœืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
06:17
as somehow not just being a collection of all our parts,
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ื›ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
06:21
but somehow being a separate, permanent entity which has those parts?
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ืืœื ื›ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื ืคืจื“, ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”?
06:26
Now this view is not particularly new, actually.
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
06:29
It has quite a long lineage.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื”.
06:31
You find it in Buddhism,
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื,
06:32
you find it in 17th, 18th-century philosophy
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื•ืช ื”-17 ื•ื”-18,
06:35
going through to the current day, people like Locke and Hume.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืœื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืง ื•ื™ื•ื.
06:38
But interestingly, it's also a view
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉื ืฉืžืขื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื—.
06:40
increasingly being heard reinforced by neuroscience.
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ืฉื ืฉืžืขื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื—.
06:44
This is Paul Broks, he's a clinical neuropsychologist,
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ื–ื”ื• ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืงืก, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืงืœื™ื ื™,
06:48
and he says this:
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”:
06:49
"We have a deep intuition that there is a core,
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื‘ื”,
06:51
an essence there, and it's hard to shake off,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืžื”ื•ืช , ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžืžื ื”,
06:54
probably impossible to shake off, I suspect.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžืžื ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื“.
06:57
But it's true that neuroscience shows that there is no centre in the brain
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื— ืžืจืื” ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืžื•ื—
07:01
where things do all come together."
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ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“."
07:03
So when you look at the brain,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—,
07:06
and you look at how the brain makes possible a sense of self,
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ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื— ืžืืคืฉืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™,
07:10
you find that there isn't a central control spot in the brain.
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ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—.
07:14
There is no kind of center where everything happens.
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ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื”.
07:17
There are lots of different processes in the brain,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—,
07:19
all of which operate, in a way, quite independently.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™.
07:22
But it's because of the way that they relate
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื ืžืชื™ื—ืกื™ื
07:26
that we get this sense of self.
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ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื–ื•.
07:28
The term I use in the book, I call it the ego trick.
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ื”ืžื•ื ื— ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ, ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ืื’ื•.
07:32
It's like a mechanical trick.
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07:37
It's not that we don't exist,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
07:39
it's just that the trick is to make us feel that inside of us
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•
07:42
is something more unified than is really there.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืžืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ืืžืช.
07:46
Now you might think this is a worrying idea.
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ื›ืขืช, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืื™ื’.
07:49
You might think that if it's true,
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
07:51
that for each one of us there is no abiding core of self,
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™,
07:55
no permanent essence,
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
07:57
does that mean that really, the self is an illusion?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืช, ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืœื™ื”?
08:01
Does it mean that we really don't exist?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ?
08:03
There is no real you.
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ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
08:05
Well, a lot of people actually do use this talk of illusion and so forth.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœ ืืฉืœื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
08:08
These are three psychologists, Thomas Metzinger, Bruce Hood,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืชื•ืžืก ืžืฆื™ื ื’ืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืก ื”ื•ื“,
08:12
Susan Blackmore,
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ืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœืงืžื•ืจ,
08:14
a lot of these people do talk the language of illusion,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉืœื™ื”,
08:17
the self is an illusion, it's a fiction.
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ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืœื™ื”, ื–ื” ืคื™ืงืฆื™ื”.
08:20
But I don't think this is a very helpful way of looking at it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:23
Go back to the watch.
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08:23
The watch isn't an illusion, because there is nothing to the watch
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ื—ื™ื–ืจื• ืœืฉืขื•ืŸ.
ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืฉืœื™ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืขื•ืŸ
08:27
other than a collection of its parts.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืื•ืกืฃ ื—ืœืงื™ื•.
08:30
In the same way, we're not illusions either.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช.
08:32
The fact that we are, in some ways, just this very, very complex collection,
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื ื ื• ืจืง ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื–ื”,
08:37
ordered collection of things,
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ืื•ืกืฃ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
08:39
does not mean we're not real.
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ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
08:41
I can give you a very sort of rough metaphor for this.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืกื” ืœื–ื”.
08:43
Let's take something like a waterfall.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžืคืœ ืžื™ื.
08:46
These are the Iguazu Falls, in Argentina.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืคืœื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ืืกื•, ื‘ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”.
08:50
Now if you take something like this,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
08:52
you can appreciate the fact that in lots of ways,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
08:55
there's nothing permanent about this.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื”.
08:58
For one thing, it's always changing.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉืชื ื”.
08:59
The waters are always carving new channels.
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ื”ืžื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื’ืœืคื™ื ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
09:02
with changes and tides and the weather,
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ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืคืœ, ื•ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
09:04
some things dry up, new things are created.
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ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
09:09
Of course the water that flows through the waterfall
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืคืœ
09:12
is different every single instance.
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
09:15
But it doesn't mean that the Iguazu Falls are an illusion.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืคืœื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ืืกื• ื”ื ืืฉืœื™ื”.
09:18
It doesn't mean it's not real.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™.
09:19
What it means is we have to understand what it is
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉื–ื”
09:23
as something which has a history,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
09:25
has certain things that keep it together,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
09:28
but it's a process, it's fluid, it's forever changing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื–ื” ื ื•ื–ืœื™, ื–ื” ืœื ืฆื— ืžืฉืชื ื”.
09:30
Now that, I think, is a model for understanding ourselves,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•,
09:34
and I think it's a liberating model.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉื—ืจืจ.
09:36
Because if you think that you have this fixed, permanent essence,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื”ื•ืช ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช,
09:39
which is always the same, throughout your life, no matter what,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื”ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”,
09:42
in a sense you're kind of trapped.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืชื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื›ื•ื“ื™ื.
09:44
You're born with an essence,
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ืืชื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื”ื•ืช
09:47
that's what you are until you die,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื›ื,
09:50
if you believe in an afterlife, maybe you continue.
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ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื.
09:53
But if you think of yourself as being, in a way,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
09:56
not a thing as such, but a kind of a process,
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ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”, ืืœื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
09:59
something that is changing,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉืชื ื”,
10:01
then I think that's quite liberating.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืฉื—ืจืจ.
10:02
Because unlike the the waterfalls,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืคืœื™ื,
10:05
we actually have the capacity to channel
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ืชื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
10:08
the direction of our development for ourselves to a certain degree.
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ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืจืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
10:11
Now we've got to be careful here, right?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:14
If you watch the X-Factor too much, you might buy into this idea
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ืื ืืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘-X-Factor ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
10:17
that we can all be whatever we want to be.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
10:19
That's not true.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:21
I've heard some fantastic musicians this morning,
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
10:23
and I am very confident that I could in no way be as good as them.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื”ื.
10:26
I could practice hard and maybe be good,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ืงืฉื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘,
10:29
but I don't have that really natural ability.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
10:32
There are limits to what we can achieve.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
10:34
There are limits to what we can make of ourselves.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:37
But nevertheless, we do have this capacity
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื•
10:40
to, in a sense, shape ourselves.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:44
The true self, as it were then,
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ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื–,
10:46
is not something that is just there for you to discover,
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื’ืœื• ืื•ืชื•,
10:50
you don't sort of look into your soul and find your true self,
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ืื™ื ืš ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื ืฉืžืชืš ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
10:54
What you are partly doing, at least,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช,
10:55
is actually creating your true self.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
10:58
And this, I think, is very, very significant,
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ื•ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื”ื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™,
11:00
particularly at this stage of life you're at.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื
11:02
You'll be aware of the fact
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
11:03
how much of you changed over recent years.
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
11:06
If you have any videos of yourself, three or four years ago,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืงื˜ืขื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื, ืžืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื,
11:09
you probably feel embarrassed because you don't recognize yourself.
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ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื• ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื.
11:12
So I want to get that message over, that what we need to do
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:15
is think about ourselves as things that we can shape,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘.
11:18
and channel and change.
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ื•ืœืชืขืœ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
11:19
This is the Buddha, again:
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”, ืฉื•ื‘:
11:20
"Well-makers lead the water,
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"ื—ื•ืคืจื™ ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื,
11:23
fletchers bend the arrow,
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ื ืฉืงื™ื ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฅ,
11:24
carpenters bend a log of wood,
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ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืขืฅ,
11:27
wise people fashion themselves."
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื."
11:31
And that's the idea I want to leave you with,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื›ื ืืชื•,
11:32
that your true self is not something that you will have to go searching for,
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ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ
11:39
as a mystery, and maybe never ever find.
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ื›ืชืขืœื•ืžื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืžืฆืื•
11:42
To the extent you have a true self,
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืขืฆืžื™ ืืžื™ืชื™
11:44
it's something that you in part discover,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืชื’ืœื•,
11:47
but in part create.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืชื™ืฆืจื•.
11:49
and that, I think, is a liberating and exciting prospect.
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ื•ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ื•ืžืจื’ืฉืช.
11:54
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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