Julian Baggini: Is there a real you?

Prevoditelj: Anja Kolobarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Is there a real you?

Postoji li "Vaše pravo lice"?

This might seem to you like a very odd question.

Možda vam ovo pitanje djeluje neobično

Because, you might ask,

jer biste se mogli zapitati

how do we find the real you,

kako uopće naći pravoga sebe,

how do you know what the real you is?

kako uopće znati koje je Vaše pravo lice?

And so forth.

I tako dalje.

But the idea that there must be a real you,

Očito je da ono treba postojati.

surely that's obvious.

If there's anything real in the world, it's you.

Ako je nešto u ovom svijetu stvarno, onda ste to Vi.

Well, I'm not quite sure.

Ja nisam baš siguran u to.

At least we have to understand a bit better what that means.

Trebamo barem pokušati bolje razumjeti što se pod tim misli.

Now certainly, I think there are lots of things in our culture around us

Naravno, postoje mnoge stvari unutar naše kulture

which sort of reinforce the idea

koje nas navode da vjerujemo

that for each one of us, we have a kind of a core, an essence.

da svatko od nas ima svoju srž, bit.

There is something about what it means to be you which defines you,

Postoji ono nešto što nas definira kao osobe,

and it's kind of permanent and unchanging.

što bi trebalo biti trajno i nepromjenjivo.

The most kind of crude way in which we have it,

Najbanalniji primjer ovoga

are things like horoscopes.

nalazimo u horoskopu.

You know, people are very wedded to these, actually.

Zapravo, ljudi takve stvari preozbiljno shvaćaju.

People put them on their Facebook profile

Stavljaju ih na svoje Facebook profile

as though they are meaningul,

vjerujući da su važni,

you even know your Chinese horoscope as well.

čak znate i što ste po kineskom horoskopu.

There are also more scientific versions of this,

Postoje i znanstvenije verzije ovoga,

all sorts of ways of profiling personality type,

svakakve vrste profiliranja tipa osobnosti

such as the Myers-Briggs tests, for example.

poput Myers-Briggs testova.

I don't know if you've done those.

Možda ste ih isprobali.

A lot of companies use these for recruitment.

Mnoge ih tvrtke koriste pri zapošljavanju.

You answer a lot of questions,

Odgovarate na gomilu pitanja

and this is supposed to reveal something about your core personality.

koja bi navodno trebala otkriti nešto o vašoj pravoj osobnosti.

And of course, the popular fascination with this is enormous.

Naravno, fascinacija ovim je ogromna.

In magazines like this, you'll see,

U časopisima poput ovoga vidjet ćete

in the bottom left corner, they'll advertise in virtually every issue

na dnu naslovnice kako u svakom broju

some kind of personality thing.

reklamiraju nešto vezano uz osobnost.

And if you pick up one of those magazines,

I ako kupite takav časopis,

uistinu je teško odoljeti, nije li?

it's hard to resist, isn't it?

Doing the test to find what is your learning style,

Riješimo test kako bismo pronašli svoj stil učenja,

what is your loving style, or what is your working style?

svoj ljubavni stil ili pak radni stil?

Are you this kind of person or that?

Jesmo li ovakva ili onakva vrsta osobe?

So I think that we have a common-sense idea

Mislim da imamo zdravorazumsko vjerovanje

that there is a kind of core or essence of ourselves

da u nama postoji neka srž ili bit

to be discovered.

koju valja otkriti.

And that this is kind of a permanent truth about ourselves,

I to bi trebala biti trajna istina o nama,

something that's the same throughout life.

nešto što ostaje isto tijekom cijelog našeg života.

Well, that's the idea I want to challenge.

Ja želim osporiti to vjerovanje.

And I have to say now, I'll say it a bit later,

Odmah ću reći, iako ću to reći i kasnije,

but I'm not challenging this just because I'm weird,

ne pokušavam ovo osporiti zato što sam čudan,

the challenge actually has a very, very long and distinguished history.

ovo osporavanje zapravo ima jako, jako dugu i osebujnu povijest.

Here's the common-sense idea.

Ovo je zdravorazumsko vjerovanje.

There is you.

Postojite Vi.

You are the individuals you are, and you have this kind of core.

Vi ste osobe kakve jeste i imate određenu srž.

Now in your life, what happens is that you, of course,

Tijekom života, dakako,

prikupite različita iskustva i slično.

accumulate different experiences and so forth.

So you have memories,

Zatim imate sjećanja koja

and these memories help to create what you are.

pomažu pri oblikovanju vaše osobnosti.

You have desires, maybe for a cookie,

Imate i želje, možda želite kolačić,

maybe for something that we don't want to talk about

možda želite nešto o čemu ne želimo razgovarati u školi

at 11 o'clock in the morning in a school.

u 11 ujutro.

You will have beliefs.

Imate i uvjerenja.

This is a number plate from someone in America.

Ovo su tablice jednog Amerikanca koje

I don't know whether this number plate, which says "messiah 1,"

kažu "Mesija 1" i ne znam

indicates that the driver believes in the messiah,

označuju li da vozač vjeruje u Mesiju

or that they are the messiah.

ili je on pak Mesija.

Either way, they have beliefs about messiahs.

Kako bilo, on ima uvjerenja o Mesiji.

We have knowledge.

Imamo i znanja.

We have sensations and experiences as well.

Imamo i osjete i iskustva.

It's not just intellectual things.

Nisu to samo intelektualne stvari.

So this is kind of the common-sense model, I think,

Mislim da je ovo zdravorazumski model

of what a person is.

o tome što je osoba.

There is a person who has all the things that make up our life experiences.

Postoji osoba koja posjeduje sve ono što čini životno iskustvo.

But the suggestion I want to put to you today

Međutim, ono što ja vama danas želim predložiti jest

is that there's something fundamentally wrong with this model.

da postoji nešto potpuno pogrešno u ovom modelu,

And I can show you what's wrong with one click.

a to vam mogu pokazati samo jednim klikom.

Which is there isn't actually a "you" at the heart of all these experiences.

A to je da nema "nas" u središtu svih ovih iskustava.

Strange thought? Well, maybe not.

Neobična misao? Pa možda i nije.

What is there, then?

Što se onda tamo nalazi?

Well, clearly there are memories, desires, intentions, sensations,

Očito se nalaze sjećanja, želje, namjere, osjetila

and so forth.

i tako dalje.

But what happens is these things exist,

Ali ono što ovdje imamo jest da te stvari postoje

and they're kind of all integrated,

i na neki su način integrirane,

they're overlapped, they're connected in various different ways.

preklapaju se, povezane su na različite načine.

They're connecting partly, and perhaps even mainly,

Djelomično, a i većinom, povezane su zato

because they all belong to one body and one brain.

što pripadaju jednom tijelu i jednom umu.

Ali postoji i narativ, priča koju pričamo sami o sebi,

But there's also a narrative, a story we tell about ourselves,

the experiences we have when we remember past things.

iskustva koja imamo kad se prisjećamo prošlih događaja.

We do things because of other things.

Određene stvari radimo zbog nekih drugih stvari

So what we desire is partly a result of what we believe,

tako da su naše želje djelomično rezultat naših vjerovanja,

and what we remember is also informing us what we know.

a naša nas sjećanja također informiraju o tome što znamo.

And so really, there are all these things,

Tako da ustvari postoje sve ove stvari

like beliefs, desires, sensations, experiences,

poput vjerovanja, želja, osjetila, iskustava

they're all related to each other,

i sve su one međusobno povezane

and that just is you.

i to vas čini vama.

In some ways, it's a small difference from the common-sense understanding.

U jednu ruku, male su razlike između zdravorazumskog razumijevanja.

In some ways, it's a massive one.

U drugu ruku, razlike su ogromne.

It's the shift between thinking of yourself

Razlika je u tome razmišljamo li o sebi

as a thing which has all the experiences of life,

kao o nečemu što ima cjelokupno životno iskustvo

and thinking of yourself as simply that collection

i razmišljanja o sebi kao jednostavne

of all experiences in life.

zbirke svih životnih iskustava.

You are the sum of your parts.

Vi ste zbroj svojih dijelova.

Now those parts are also physical parts, of course,

Naravno, tu su i fizički dijelovi,

brains, bodies and legs and things,

mozak, tijelo, noge i slično,

but they aren't so important, actually.

ali oni zapravo nisu toliko bitni.

If you have a heart transplant, you're still the same person.

Nakon transplantacije srca, i dalje ste ista osoba.

If you have a memory transplant, are you the same person?

Jeste li ista osoba i nakon transplantacije pamćenja?

If you have a belief transplant, would you be the same person?

A što nakon transplantacije uvjerenja?

Now this idea, that what we are, the way to understand ourselves,

Ova ideja da mi sebe ne vidimo

is as not of some permanent being, which has experiences,

kao neko trajno biće koje ima iskustva,

but is kind of a collection of experiences,

već je nekakva kolekcija tih iskustava

might strike you as kind of weird.

može vam se činiti pomalo čudnom.

But actually, I don't think it should be weird.

Ja ne mislim da bi to trebalo biti čudno.

In a way, it's common sense.

Na neki način, to je logično

Because I just invite you to think about, by comparison,

jer da vam jednostavno kažem da razmišljate o npr.

think about pretty much anything else in the universe,

bilo čemu u svemiru,

maybe apart from the very most fundamental forces or powers.

osim možda nekih osnovnih sila.

Let's take something like water.

Uzmimo vodu kao primjer.

Now my science isn't very good.

Nisam baš najbolji kad se radi o znanosti.

We might say something like water has two parts hydrogen

Mogli bismo da reći se voda sastoji od dvije trećine vodika

and one parts oxygen, right?

i trećine kisika, zar ne?

We all know that.

Svi to znamo.

I hope no one in this room thinks that what that means

Nadam se da nitko u ovoj prostoriji ne misli da to znači

is there is a thing called water, and attached to it

da imamo nešto što nazivamo "voda" na što su pričvršćeni

are hydrogen and oxygen atoms,

atomi vodika i kisika

and that's what water is.

i to čini vodu.

Of course we don't.

Naravno da ne.

We understand, very easily, very straightforwardly,

Jednostavno i direktno razumijemo

that water is nothing more

da voda nije ništa doli

than the hydrogen and oxygen molecules suitably arranged.

skladno posloženih molekula vodika i kisika.

Everything else in the universe is the same.

Tako je i sa svim ostalim u svemiru.

There's no mystery about my watch, for example.

Npr. moj sat nije nikakav misterij.

Kažemo da sat ima lice, kazaljke,

We say the watch has a face, and hands,

and a mechanism and a battery,

mehanizam i bateriju, ali

But what we really mean is,

pod tim ne mislimo

we don't think there is a thing called the watch

da imamo nešto što nazivamo satom

to which we then attach all these bits.

na što slažemo sve ove dijelove.

We understand very clearly that you get the parts of the watch,

Jednostavno shvaćamo da uzimajući dijelove sata i

you put them together, and you create a watch.

slažući ih zajedno dobivamo sat.

Now if everything else in the universe is like this,

E sad, ako i sve ostalo u svemiru ovako funkcionira,

why are we different?

po čemu smo mi drugačiji?

Why think of ourselves

Zašto bismo mislili

as somehow not just being a collection of all our parts,

da mi nekako nismo samo zbirka svih naših dijelova,

but somehow being a separate, permanent entity which has those parts?

već nekako odvojeni, trajni entiteti koji imaju određene dijelove?

Now this view is not particularly new, actually.

Ovo gledište nije pretjerano novo,

It has quite a long lineage.

zapravo, ima jako dugu podrijetlo.

You find it in Buddhism,

Možemo ga naći u budizmu,

you find it in 17th, 18th-century philosophy

u filozofiji 17. i 18. stoljeća,

going through to the current day, people like Locke and Hume.

pa sve do današnjeg dana, ljudi poput Lockea i Humea.

But interestingly, it's also a view

Interesantno, to je također gledište

increasingly being heard reinforced by neuroscience.

koje neuroznanost sve više zagovara.

This is Paul Broks, he's a clinical neuropsychologist,

Ovo je Paul Broks, klinički neuropsiholog,

and he says this:

i on kaže ovo:

"We have a deep intuition that there is a core,

"Imamo duboku intuiciju da ovdje postoji

an essence there, and it's hard to shake off,

srž, bit i tome se teško oduprijeti,

probably impossible to shake off, I suspect.

vjerojatno je nemoguće oduprijeti se tome.

But it's true that neuroscience shows that there is no centre in the brain

Ali točno je da neuroznanost pokazuje da mozak nema svoje središte

where things do all come together."

u kojem se sve stvari spajaju."

So when you look at the brain,

Kad pogledamo mozak

and you look at how the brain makes possible a sense of self,

i kad pogledamo kako mozak omogućuje razvoj svijesti o sebi,

you find that there isn't a central control spot in the brain.

shvaćamo da ne postoji središnja kontrolna točka gdje se sve odvija.

There is no kind of center where everything happens.

Ne postoji središte u kojem se sve odvija.

There are lots of different processes in the brain,

Postoje brojni različiti procesi u mozgu,

all of which operate, in a way, quite independently.

a svi oni, na neki način, funkcioniraju prilično neovisno, ali

But it's because of the way that they relate

zbog načina na koji se oni povezuju

that we get this sense of self.

mi dobivamo određenu svijest o sebi.

The term I use in the book, I call it the ego trick.

U knjizi ovaj fenomen nazivam "ego trik".

It's like a mechanical trick.

On je poput mehaničkog trika.

It's not that we don't exist,

Nije da mi ne postojimo,

it's just that the trick is to make us feel that inside of us

trik je u tome da nas navodi da osjećamo da je unutar nas

is something more unified than is really there.

nešto ujedinjenije nego što zaista jest.

Now you might think this is a worrying idea.

Sad biste vi mogli pomisliti da je to zabrinjavajuća pomisao.

You might think that if it's true,

Kad bi ona bila istinita,

that for each one of us there is no abiding core of self,

da u svakome od nas ne postoji živuća srž osobe,

no permanent essence,

ne postoji trajna bit,

does that mean that really, the self is an illusion?

znači li to da je ličnost iluzija?

Does it mean that we really don't exist?

Znači li to da mi zapravo ne postojimo?

There is no real you.

Ne postoji naša prava ličnost.

Well, a lot of people actually do use this talk of illusion and so forth.

Mnogi ljudi zapravo koriste ove argumente iluzije itd.

These are three psychologists, Thomas Metzinger, Bruce Hood,

Ova tri psihologa: Thomas Metzinger, Bruce Hood,

Susan Blackmore,

Susan Blackmore

a lot of these people do talk the language of illusion,

i većina ovih ljudi uistinu govori jezikom iluzije,

the self is an illusion, it's a fiction.

ličnost je iluzija, fikcija.

But I don't think this is a very helpful way of looking at it.

Ja ne mislim da je ovo pretjerano koristan način razmišljanja.

Go back to the watch.

The watch isn't an illusion, because there is nothing to the watch

Vratimo se satu.

Sat nije iluzija samo zato što je on tek

other than a collection of its parts.

zbirka svojih dijelova.

In the same way, we're not illusions either.

Isto tako, ni mi nismo iluzije.

The fact that we are, in some ways, just this very, very complex collection,

Činjenica da smo i mi tek vrlo kompleksna zbirka,

ordered collection of things,

složena zbirka stvari,

does not mean we're not real.

ne znači da mi nismo stvarni.

I can give you a very sort of rough metaphor for this.

Mogu vam dati prilično grubu metaforu koja će vam to dočarati.

Let's take something like a waterfall.

Uzmimo za primjer vodopad.

These are the Iguazu Falls, in Argentina.

Ovo su Vodopadi Iguazú u Argentini.

Now if you take something like this,

Ako razmotrimo nešto poput ovoga,

you can appreciate the fact that in lots of ways,

shvaćamo da na mnoge načine

there's nothing permanent about this.

ovdje ne postoji ništa trajno.

For one thing, it's always changing.

Kao prvo, neprestano se mijenja.

The waters are always carving new channels.

Vode nepestano probijaju nove kanale,

with changes and tides and the weather,

zajedno s promjenama u morskim mijenama i vremenu,

some things dry up, new things are created.

neke se stvari osuše i nove se stvaraju.

Of course the water that flows through the waterfall

Naravno, voda koja teče vodopadom

is different every single instance.

svaki je put drugačija.

But it doesn't mean that the Iguazu Falls are an illusion.

No to ne znači da su Vodopadi Igauzu tek iluzija.

It doesn't mean it's not real.

To ne znači da nisu stvarni.

What it means is we have to understand what it is

To samo znači da to moramo shvatiti

as something which has a history,

kao nešto što ima povijest, nešto

has certain things that keep it together,

što ima određene stvari koje je tvore.

but it's a process, it's fluid, it's forever changing.

ali to je proces, fluidno je, uvijek je u tranziciji.

Now that, I think, is a model for understanding ourselves,

Mislim da je to model po kojemu možemo razumjeti sebe,

and I think it's a liberating model.

vrlo oslobađajući model.

Because if you think that you have this fixed, permanent essence,

Ako mislimo da imamo neku fiksnu, trajnu bit koja je

which is always the same, throughout your life, no matter what,

uvijek ista tijekom života, bez obzira na sve,

in a sense you're kind of trapped.

na neki si način zarobljen.

You're born with an essence,

Rođen si s biti,

that's what you are until you die,

to si sve dok ne umreš.

if you believe in an afterlife, maybe you continue.

Ako vjeruješ u život poslije smrti, onda i duže.

But if you think of yourself as being, in a way,

Ali ako o sebi razmišljaš ne kao o stvari,

not a thing as such, but a kind of a process,

već kao o nekom procesu,

something that is changing,

nečemu što se mijenja,

then I think that's quite liberating.

a to prilično oslobađajuće.

Because unlike the the waterfalls,

Za razliku od vodopada,

we actually have the capacity to channel

mi zapravo imamo mogućnost sami

the direction of our development for ourselves to a certain degree.

usmjeravati svoj razvoj - u određenoj mjeri.

Now we've got to be careful here, right?

Tu valja biti oprezan, zar ne?

If you watch the X-Factor too much, you might buy into this idea

Ukoliko previše gledaš X-Factor, možeš početi vjerovati

that we can all be whatever we want to be.

da svi mi možemo biti što god želimo.

That's not true.

To nije istina.

I've heard some fantastic musicians this morning,

Jutros sam čuo odlične glazbenike i

and I am very confident that I could in no way be as good as them.

uvjeren sam da nikako ne bih mogao biti dobar poput njih.

I could practice hard and maybe be good,

Mogao bih naporno vježbati i možda biti dobar,

but I don't have that really natural ability.

ali nemam tu urođenu sposobnost.

There are limits to what we can achieve.

Naše mogućnosti razvoja su ograničene.

There are limits to what we can make of ourselves.

Ograničeni smo po pitanju toga što od sebe možemo napraviti.

But nevertheless, we do have this capacity

Kako bilo, imamo tu mogućnost da, u

to, in a sense, shape ourselves.

određenoj mjeri, oblikujemo sebe.

The true self, as it were then,

Naše pravo "ja"

is not something that is just there for you to discover,

nije nešto što valja otkriti,

you don't sort of look into your soul and find your true self,

nećeš zaviriti u svoju dušu i pronaći pravoga sebe.

What you are partly doing, at least,

Ono što dijelom radimo

is actually creating your true self.

jest da stvaramo prave sebe.

And this, I think, is very, very significant,

I mislim da je to jako, jako značajno,

particularly at this stage of life you're at.

pogotovo u ovoj životnoj fazi.

You'll be aware of the fact

Bit ćeš svjestan toga koliko

how much of you changed over recent years.

si se promijenio tijekom godina.

If you have any videos of yourself, three or four years ago,

Ako imaš videe sebe od prije tri ili četiri godine,

you probably feel embarrassed because you don't recognize yourself.

vjerojatno ti je neugodno jer se ne prepoznaješ.

So I want to get that message over, that what we need to do

Zato vam želim ukazati na ono što trebamo činiti, a to je

is think about ourselves as things that we can shape,

razmišljati o nama kao o stvarima koje možemo

oblikovati, usmjeravati i mijenjati.

and channel and change.

This is the Buddha, again:

Ovo je opet Budha:

"Well-makers lead the water,

"Kopači rijeka oblikuju rijeke,

fletchers bend the arrow,

strijelci savijaju strijele,

carpenters bend a log of wood,

stolari sijeku drvo,

wise people fashion themselves."

mudraci oblikuju sebe."

S tom vas idejom želim ostaviti

And that's the idea I want to leave you with,

that your true self is not something that you will have to go searching for,

da vaša prava osobnost nije nešto za čim treba tragati,

as a mystery, and maybe never ever find.

kao za misterijem i možda nikada ni ne pronaći.

To the extent you have a true self,

Pravi vi postoji do određene granice,

it's something that you in part discover,

to je nešto što djelomično otkrivamo, ali

but in part create.

i djelomično stvaramo,

and that, I think, is a liberating and exciting prospect.

što nam daje iznimno oslobađajuću i uzbudljivu perspektivu.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala!