Sarah Kaminsky: My father the forger

50,889 views ใƒป 2011-09-07

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: federica bonaldi Reviewer: Thomas VANDENBOGAERDE
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Rafi Taglicht ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I am the daughter of a forger,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ,
00:19
not just any forger ...
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ืœื ืกืชื ื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ...
00:21
When you hear the word "forger," you often understand "mercenary."
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ" ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช "ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื—ืจื‘".
00:24
You understand "forged currency," "forged pictures."
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื "ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืฃ", "ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช".
00:27
My father is no such man.
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ืื‘ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”.
00:29
For 30 years of his life,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื•,
00:31
he made false papers --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช --
00:33
never for himself, always for other people,
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:35
and to come to the aid of the persecuted and the oppressed.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ืจื“ืคื™ื ื•ืœืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื.
00:39
Let me introduce him.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื•.
00:41
Here is my father at age 19.
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ื”ื ื” ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19.
00:44
It all began for him during World War II,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
00:48
when at age 17 he found himself thrust
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื• ื ืฉืื‘
00:50
into a forged documents workshop.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
00:52
He quickly became the false papers expert of the Resistance.
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ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื–ื™ืกื˜ืื ืก.
00:56
And it's not a banal story --
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ื•ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื ืืœื™ --
00:58
after the liberation he continued
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš
01:01
to make false papers until the '70s.
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช ืขื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื.
01:04
When I was a child
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื”
01:06
I knew nothing about this, of course.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
01:08
This is me in the middle making faces.
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ื–ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื.
01:11
I grew up in the Paris suburbs
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื–
01:13
and I was the youngest of three children.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:17
I had a "normal" dad like everybody else,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื‘ื "ื ื•ืจืžืืœื™" ื›ืžื• ืœื›ื•ืœื,
01:20
apart from the fact that he was 30 years older than ...
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” 30 ืฉื ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ...
01:22
well, he was basically old enough to be my grandfather.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™.
01:26
Anyway, he was a photographer and a street educator,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืœื ื•ื—ื•ื ืš ื ืขืจื™ ืจื—ื•ื‘,
01:29
and he always taught us to obey the law very strictly.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
01:32
And, of course, he never talked about his past life
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจื•
01:34
when he was a forger.
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ื›ื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ.
01:37
There was, however, an incident I'm going to tell you about,
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ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืงืจืชื” ืชืงืจื™ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื,
01:39
that perhaps could have led me suspect something.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”.
01:42
I was in high school and got a bad grade,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข,
01:45
a rare event for me,
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ืžืงืจื” ื ื“ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
01:47
so I decided to hide it from my parents.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืžื”ื•ืจื™.
01:50
In order to do that, I set out to forge their signature.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ืชืืจื’ื ืชื™ ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืืช ื—ืชื™ืžืชื.
01:54
I started working on my mother's signature,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืื™ืžื™,
01:57
because my father's is absolutely impossible to forge.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืชื™ืžืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื–ื™ื•ืฃ.
02:00
So, I got working. I took some sheets of paper
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ืื ื›ืš, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืœืงื—ืชื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ
02:03
and started practicing, practicing, practicing,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ, ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ, ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ,
02:06
until I reached what I thought was a steady hand,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื”,
02:07
and went into action.
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ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
02:09
Later, while checking my school bag,
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืœื™,
02:12
my mother got hold of my school assignment and immediately saw that the signature was forged.
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ืืžื™ ืžืฆืื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืจืืชื” ืฉื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช.
02:15
She yelled at me like she never had before.
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ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื—ื” ืขืœื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืขืฉืชื” ืžืขื•ืœื.
02:17
I went to hide in my bedroom, under the blankets,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™, ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช,
02:20
and then I waited for my father to come back from work
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ื•ืื– ื—ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
02:23
with, one could say, much apprehension.
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืช, ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
02:25
I heard him come in.
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื ื›ื ืก.
02:27
I remained under the blankets. He entered my room,
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ื ืฉืืจืชื™ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจื™,
02:31
sat on the corner of the bed,
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ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื™ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”,
02:33
and he was silent, so I pulled the blanket from my head,
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ื•ื ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื˜, ืื– ื”ืจืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืจืืฉื™,
02:36
and when he saw me he started laughing.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆื—ื•ืง.
02:39
He was laughing so hard, he could not stop and he was holding my assignment in his hand.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆื—ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•.
02:42
Then he said, "But really, Sarah, you could have worked harder! Can't you see it's really too small?"
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, " ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช, ืฉืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ! ืืช ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื“ื™?"
02:46
Indeed, it's rather small.
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ืื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
02:52
I was born in Algeria.
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ืืœื’'ื™ืจื™ื”.
02:54
There I would hear people say my father was a "moudjahid"
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ืฉื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื "ืžื•ื’'ื”ื™ื“"
02:57
and that means "fighter."
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ "ืœื•ื—ื".
02:58
Later on, in France, I loved eavesdropping on grownups' conversations,
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืชืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
03:03
and I would hear all sorts of stories about my father's previous life,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™,
03:06
especially that he had "done" World War II,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืขื‘ืจ" ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
03:09
that he had "done" the Algerian war.
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ืฉื”ื•ื "ืขื‘ืจ" ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืœื’'ื™ืจ.
03:11
And in my head I would be thinking that "doing" a war meant being a soldier.
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ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉ"ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ" ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœ.
03:14
But knowing my father, and how he kept saying that he was a pacifist and non-violent,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื›ืจื•ืชื™ ืืช ืื‘ื™, ืฉื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฆื™ืคื™ืกื˜ ื•ืœื ืืœื™ื,
03:17
I found it very hard to picture him with a helmet and gun.
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ื”ืชืงืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืงืกื“ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ื”.
03:21
And indeed, I was very far from the mark.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
03:23
One day, while my father was working on a file
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื™ื”
03:26
for us to obtain French nationality,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช,
03:29
I happened to see some documents
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ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื
03:31
that caught my attention.
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ืฉืžืฉื›ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื™.
03:33
These are real!
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ืืœื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื!
03:35
These are mine, I was born an Argentinean.
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ื”ื ืฉืœื™, ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืช.
03:38
But the document I happened to see
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื•
03:40
that would help us build a case for the authorities
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช
03:42
was a document from the army
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืžืš ืžื”ืฆื‘ื
03:44
that thanked my father for his work
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ืฉื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•
03:48
on behalf of the secret services.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื™ื.
03:50
And then, suddenly, I went "wow!"
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ื•ืื–, ืœืคืชืข, ืืžืจืชื™ "ื•ื•ืื•!"
03:52
My father, a secret agent?
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ืื‘ื™, ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉืื™?
03:54
It was very James Bond.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ื•ื ื“.
03:56
I wanted to ask him questions, which he didn't answer.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื ื”.
04:01
And later, I told myself that
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ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™
04:04
one day I would have to question him.
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ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
04:07
And then I became a mother and had a son,
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ื•ืื– ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืื ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื™ ื‘ืŸ,
04:09
and finally decided it was time -- that he absolutely had to talk to us.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ -- ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื ื•.
04:12
I had become a mother
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ืื ื™ ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืื
04:14
and he was celebrating his 77th birthday,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื’ื’ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข,
04:16
and suddenly I was very, very afraid.
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคื—ื“ืชื™.
04:18
I feared he'd go
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ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืขื–ื•ื‘
04:21
and take his silences with him,
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ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื™ืชื•,
04:23
and take his secrets with him.
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ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื™ืชื•.
04:24
I managed to convince him that it was important for us,
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื• ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•,
04:27
but possibly also for other people
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
04:28
that he shared his story.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
04:30
He decided to tell it to me
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืกืคืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™
04:32
and I made a book,
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ื•ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืกืคืจ,
04:34
from which I'm going to read you some excerpts later.
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ืžืžื ื• ืืงืจื™ื ืœื›ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:36
So, his story. My father was born in Argentina.
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ืื ื›ืš, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื•. ืื‘ื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”.
04:39
His parents were of Russian descent.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื•ืฆื ืจื•ืกื™.
04:41
The whole family came to settle in France in the '30s.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื.
04:45
His parents were Jewish, Russian and above all, very poor.
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
04:50
So at the age of 14 my father had to work.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืœ 14 ืื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
04:53
And with his only diploma,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื•,
04:54
his primary education certificate,
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ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•,
04:55
he found himself working at a dyer - dry cleaner.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื.
04:58
That's where he discovered something totally magical,
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืกื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
05:01
and when he talks about it, it's fascinating --
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื–ื” ืžืจืชืง --
05:03
it's the magic of dyeing chemistry.
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ื”ืงืกื ืฉื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื.
05:06
During that time the war was happening
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
05:07
and his mother was killed when he was 15.
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ื•ืืžื• ื ื”ืจื’ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 15.
05:10
This coincided with the time when
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื•
05:13
he threw himself body and soul into chemistry
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื”
05:15
because it was the only consolation for his sadness.
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ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื ื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืฉืœื•.
05:17
All day he would ask many questions to his boss
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
05:21
to learn, to accumulate more and more knowledge,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื“ืข ,
05:24
and at night, when no one was looking,
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜,
05:25
he'd put his experience to practice.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
05:27
He was mostly interested in ink bleaching.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื“ื™ื•.
05:33
All this to tell you
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื•
05:35
that if my father became a forger, actually,
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ืฉื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ืคืš ืœื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
05:37
it was almost by accident.
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ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื”.
05:39
His family was Jewish, so they were hounded.
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ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืจื“ืคื”.
05:42
Finally they were all arrested and taken to the Drancy camp
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื ืืกืจื• ื•ื ืœืงื—ื• ืœืžื—ื ื” ื“ืจื ืกื™
05:45
and they managed to get out at the last minute thanks to their Argentinean papers.
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ืžืฉื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
05:48
Well, they were out,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
05:49
but they were always in danger. The big "Jew" stamp was still on their papers.
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ืืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™" ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
05:52
It was my grandfather who decided they needed false documents.
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืกื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
05:55
My father had been instilled with such respect for the law
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ื‘ืื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ืžืข ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื›ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืง
05:59
that although he was being persecuted,
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ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจื“ืฃ,
06:01
he'd never thought of false papers.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
06:03
But it was he who went to meet a man from the Resistance.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจื–ื™ืกื˜ืื ืก.
06:06
In those times documents had hard covers,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช,
06:08
they were filled in by hand,
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ื”ื ืžื•ืœืื• ื‘ื™ื“,
06:10
and they stated your job.
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ื•ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš.
06:13
In order to survive, he needed
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘
06:15
to be working. He asked the man
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ืื™ืฉ
06:17
to write "dyer."
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ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื".
06:19
Suddenly the man looked very, very interested.
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ืœืคืชืข ื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
06:22
As a "dyer," do you know how to bleach ink marks?
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ื›"ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื" ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื“ื™ื•?
06:25
Of course he knew.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข.
06:27
And suddenly the man started explaining that
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ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
06:29
actually the whole Resistance had a huge problem:
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžื—ืชืจืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“:
06:32
even the top experts
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื
06:34
could not manage to bleach an ink, called "indelible,"
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ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื• ืฉื ืงืจื "ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื—ื™ืง",
06:38
the "Waterman" blue ink.
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ื“ื™ื• "ื•ื•ื˜ืจืžืŸ" ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
06:40
And my father immediately replied that he knew exactly
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ื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ื™ืฆื“
06:44
how to bleach it.
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ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
06:45
Now, of course, the man was very impressed with this young man of 17
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ื›ืขืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืชืจืฉื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ืŸ ื”17 ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ
06:48
who could immediately give him the formula, so he recruited him.
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ืฉื™ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”, ืื– ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืชื•.
06:52
And actually, without knowing it, my father had invented something
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช, ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ
06:55
we can find in every schoolchild's pencil case:
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ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืœืžืจ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ:
06:58
the so-called "correction pen."
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ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืขื˜ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื".
07:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:07
But it was only the beginning.
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ืืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
07:08
That's my father.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื‘ื™.
07:10
As soon as he got to the lab,
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ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
07:11
even though he was the youngest,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื›ื•ืœื,
07:13
he immediately saw that there was a problem with the making of forged documents.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
07:16
All the movements stopped at falsifying.
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ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืชืจืช ืขืฆืจื• ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืฃ.
07:18
But demand was ever-growing
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ืืš ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช
07:21
and it was difficult to tamper with existing documents.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
07:24
He told himself it was necessary to make them from scratch.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืžืืคืก.
07:25
He started a press. He started photoengraving.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื ืžื›ื‘ืฉ ื“ืคื•ืก. ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื’ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
07:28
He started making rubber stamps.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™.
07:30
He started inventing all kind of things --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื --
07:31
with some materials he invented a centrifuge using a bicycle wheel.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ื” ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
07:35
Anyway, he had to do all this
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื–ืืช
07:37
because he was completely obsessed with output.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคื•ืงื”.
07:40
He had made a simple calculation:
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜:
07:42
In one hour he could make 30 forged documents.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ 30 ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
07:45
If he slept one hour, 30 people would die.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช, ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื•ืชื•.
07:49
This sense of
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ
07:52
responsibility for other people's lives when he was just 17 --
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ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืจืง ื‘ืŸ 17 --
07:55
and also his guilt for being a survivor,
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ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืฉืžื” ืฉืœื• ื›ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ,
07:58
since he had escaped the camp when his friends had not --
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื --
08:02
stayed with him all his life.
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ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•.
08:04
And this is maybe what explains why, for 30 years,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข, ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื”,
08:07
he continued to make false papers
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื
08:10
at the expense of all kinds of sacrifices.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘.
08:12
I'd like to talk about those sacrifices,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
08:13
because there were many.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”.
08:15
There were obviously financial sacrifices
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื
08:17
because he always refused to be paid.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื.
08:19
To him, being paid would have meant being a mercenary.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื›ื™ืจ ื—ืจื‘.
08:22
If he had accepted payment,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื,
08:24
he wouldn't be able to say "yes" or "no"
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื™ื˜ืœืช ืžืžื ื• ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ "ื›ืŸ" ืื• "ืœื"
08:25
depending on what he deemed a just or unjust cause.
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ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื˜ืจื” ืฆื•ื“ืงืช ืื• ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืงืช.
08:28
So he was a photographer by day,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
08:30
and a forger by night for 30 years.
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ื•ื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื”.
08:31
He was broke all of the time.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืฉืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:33
Then there were the emotional sacrifices:
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื:
08:36
How can one live with a woman while having so many secrets?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื“ื•ืช?
08:39
How can one explain what one does at night in the lab, every single night?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”?
08:43
Of course, there was another kind of sacrifice
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืŸ
08:47
involving his family that I understood much later.
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ืฉืขื™ืจื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ.
08:50
One day my father introduced me to my sister.
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื—ื•ืชื™.
08:53
He also explained to me that I had a brother, too,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืื—,
08:57
and the first time I saw them I must have been three or four,
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ื•ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข,
09:03
and they were 30 years older than me.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• 30 ืฉื ื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื™.
09:05
They are both in their sixties now.
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ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
09:11
In order to write the book,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”,
09:13
I asked my sister questions. I wanted to know who my father was,
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™,
09:17
who was the father she had known.
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ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื”.
09:18
She explained that the father that she'd had
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ืื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”
09:22
would tell them he'd come and pick them up on Sunday to go for a walk.
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ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ.
09:27
They would get all dressed up and wait for him,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื•,
09:29
but he would almost never come.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข.
09:31
He'd say, "I'll call." He wouldn't call.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืืชืงืฉืจ". ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชืงืฉืจ.
09:34
And then he would not come.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข.
09:36
Then one day he totally disappeared.
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืขืœื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
09:40
Time passed,
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ืจ,
09:41
and they thought he had surely forgotten them,
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
09:44
at first.
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
09:46
Then as time passed,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ืจ,
09:47
at the end of almost two years, they thought,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•, ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•,
09:49
"Well, perhaps our father has died."
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"ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืช".
09:52
And then I understood
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ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
09:55
that asking my father so many questions
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ืฉืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืœื•ืช
09:58
was stirring up a whole past he probably didn't feel like talking about
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ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
10:00
because it was painful.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘.
10:02
And while my half brother and sister thought they'd been abandoned,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื—ื™ ื•ืื—ื•ืชื™ ืœืžื—ืฆื” ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื ื ื˜ืฉื•,
10:07
orphaned,
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ื”ืชื™ื™ืชืžื•,
10:08
my father was making false papers.
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื.
10:11
And if he did not tell them, it was of course to protect them.
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ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื”ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
10:14
After the liberation he made false papers
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื
10:16
to allow the survivors of concentration camps to immigrate to Palestine
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืœื”ื’ืจ ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื”
10:19
before the creation of Israel.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
10:21
And then, as he was a staunch anti-colonialist,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ ืžืกื•ืจ,
10:23
he made false papers for Algerians during the Algerian war.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื’'ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืœื’'ื™ืจ.
10:27
After the Algerian war,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืœื’'ื™ืจ,
10:29
at the heart of the international resistance movements,
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ื‘ืœื‘ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
10:32
his name circulated
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ืกื‘ื‘ ืฉืžื•
10:34
and the whole world came knocking at his door.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืคื•ืง ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•.
10:36
In Africa there were countries fighting for their independence:
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืชืŸ:
10:39
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Angola.
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ื’ื™ื ืื”, ื’ื™ื ืื”-ื‘ื™ืกืื•, ืื ื’ื•ืœื”.
10:42
And then my father connected with Nelson Mandela's anti-apartheid party.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฆืจ ืื‘ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื”.
10:47
He made false papers for persecuted black South Africans.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจื“ืคื•.
10:50
There was also Latin America.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
10:52
My father helped those who resisted dictatorships
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ืื‘ื™ ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืืœื• ืฉื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื•ืช
10:55
in the Dominican Republic, Haiti,
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ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืงื ื™ืช, ื”ืื™ื˜ื™,
10:57
and then it was the turn of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, El Salvador, Nicaragua,
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื ืชื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”, ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื”, ืืœ ืกืœื‘ื“ื•ืจ, ื ื™ืงืจื’ื•ืื”,
11:03
Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Mexico.
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ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”, ืคืจื•, ืื•ืจื•ื’ื•ื•ืื™, ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
11:09
Then there was the Vietnam War.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื•ื™ืื˜ื ื.
11:10
My father made false papers for the American deserters
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืจื™ืงื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
11:13
who did not wish to take up arms against the Vietnamese.
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ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืฉืืช ื ืฉืง ื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืืžื™ื.
11:16
Europe was not spared either.
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ื’ื ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ืก.
11:18
My father made false papers for the dissidents
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื
11:20
against Franco in Spain, Salazar in Portugal,
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ืœืคืจื ืงื• ื‘ืกืคืจื“, ืกืœื–ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ,
11:24
against the colonels' dictatorship in Greece,
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ื•ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
11:29
and even in France.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆืจืคืช.
11:30
There, just once, it happened in May of 1968.
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ืฉื, ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืื™ 1968.
11:34
My father watched, benevolently, of course,
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื”ื“ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
11:36
the demonstrations of the month of May,
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ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืื™,
11:39
but his heart was elsewhere, and so was his time
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ืืš ืœื™ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•
11:41
because he had over 15 countries to serve.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืขืœ 15 ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช.
11:45
Once, though, he agreed to make false papers
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ืื•ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื
11:47
for someone you might recognize.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชื–ื”ื•.
11:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:52
He was much younger in those days,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื,
11:54
and my father agreed to make false papers
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ื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช
11:56
to enable him to come back and speak at a meeting.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื”.
11:59
He told me that those false papers were the most media-relevant
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื”
12:04
and the least useful he'd had to make in all his life.
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ืืš ื”ืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•.
12:07
But, he agreed to do it,
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ื ื,
12:09
even though Daniel Cohn-Bendit's life was not in danger,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื—ื™ื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ-ื‘ื ื“ื™ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื›ื ื”,
12:12
just because
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ืจืง ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
12:14
it was a good opportunity
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
12:16
to mock the authorities,
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ืœืœืขื•ื’ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช,
12:18
and to show them that there's nothing more porous than borders --
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช --
12:21
and that ideas have no borders.
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ื•ืฉืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
12:26
All my childhood,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
12:28
while my friends' dads would tell them Grimm's fairy tales,
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ื›ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ืžืื’ื“ื•ืช ื’ืจื™ื,
12:32
my father would tell me stories about very unassuming heroes
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ืื‘ื™ ื ื”ื’ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื
12:36
with unshakeable utopias
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจื•ืช
12:39
who managed to make miracles.
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื ืกื™ื.
12:42
And those heroes did not need an army behind them.
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ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœืฆื‘ื ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
12:46
Anyhow, nobody would have followed them,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืขื“ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
12:48
except for a handful [of] men and women of conviction and courage.
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ืงื•ืžืฅ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืื•ืžืฅ.
12:51
I understood much later
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
12:53
that actually it was his own story my father would tell me to get me to sleep.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ื™ ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
12:56
I asked him whether, considering the sacrifices he had to make,
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘,
12:59
he ever had any regrets.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื—ืจื˜ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.
13:01
He said no.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื.
13:03
He told me that he would have been unable
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ
13:05
to witness or submit to injustice without doing anything.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ.
13:08
He was persuaded, and he's still convinced
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข
13:11
that another world is possible --
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ืฉืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™ --
13:13
a world where no one would ever need a forger.
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ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื–ื™ื™ืคืŸ.
13:16
He's still dreaming about it.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
13:18
My father
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ืื‘ื™
13:20
is here in the room today.
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ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
13:21
His name is Adolfo Kaminsky and I'm going to ask him to stand up.
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ืฉืžื• ืื“ื•ืœืคื• ืงืžื™ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืงื•ื.
13:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:46
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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