Sarah Kaminsky: My father the forger

50,773 views ใƒป 2011-09-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: federica bonaldi Reviewer: Thomas VANDENBOGAERDE
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: HEOUNG GAHNG ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sujin Byeon
00:16
I am the daughter of a forger,
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์ €๋Š” ์œ„์กฐ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ ๋”ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
not just any forger ...
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณดํ†ต ์œ„์กฐ๊พผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”
00:21
When you hear the word "forger," you often understand "mercenary."
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ํ†ต์ƒ "์œ„์กฐ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ”ํžˆ "๋ˆ๋ฒŒ์ด" ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋Š”
00:24
You understand "forged currency," "forged pictures."
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"ํ™”ํ์œ„์กฐ"๋‚˜ "๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ณต์ œ" ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:27
My father is no such man.
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
For 30 years of his life,
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30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ‰์ƒ
00:31
he made false papers --
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”--
00:33
never for himself, always for other people,
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:35
and to come to the aid of the persecuted and the oppressed.
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ํƒ„์••๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์–ต์•• ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:39
Let me introduce him.
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Here is my father at age 19.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ 19์‚ด ๋•Œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
It all began for him during World War II,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ๋•Œ ๋น„๋กฏ ๋œ ์ผ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
00:48
when at age 17 he found himself thrust
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 17์„ธ ๋•Œ
00:50
into a forged documents workshop.
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์„œ๋ฅ˜์œ„์กฐ๊ณต๋ฐฉ ์ผ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
He quickly became the false papers expert of the Resistance.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํƒ•์Šค์˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์œ„์กฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And it's not a banal story --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
after the liberation he continued
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์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ํ›„๋กœ๋„
01:01
to make false papers until the '70s.
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70๋…„๋Œ€ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์œ„์กฐ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
When I was a child
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด๋•
01:06
I knew nothing about this, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
This is me in the middle making faces.
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์–ผ๊ตด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
I grew up in the Paris suburbs
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์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ทผ๊ต์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ
01:13
and I was the youngest of three children.
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3๋‚จ๋งค ์ค‘ ๋ง‰๋‚ด์•„์ด ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I had a "normal" dad like everybody else,
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ" ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:20
apart from the fact that he was 30 years older than ...
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค 30์‚ด ์ด์ƒ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š”์š”...
01:22
well, he was basically old enough to be my grandfather.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋  ๋‚˜์ด์…จ์ง€์š”.
01:26
Anyway, he was a photographer and a street educator,
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ฐ€์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋ฏผํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜€๊ณ ,
01:29
and he always taught us to obey the law very strictly.
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๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ €ํฌ๋“ค์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
And, of course, he never talked about his past life
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์œ„์กฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
01:34
when he was a forger.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
There was, however, an incident I'm going to tell you about,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”, ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:39
that perhaps could have led me suspect something.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ฌ์ฉ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:42
I was in high school and got a bad grade,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”,
01:45
a rare event for me,
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ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”,
01:47
so I decided to hide it from my parents.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ถ”๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
In order to do that, I set out to forge their signature.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์‹ธ์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:54
I started working on my mother's signature,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์‹ธ์ธ์„ ์œ„์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
01:57
because my father's is absolutely impossible to forge.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์‹ธ์ธ์€ ์œ„์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
02:00
So, I got working. I took some sheets of paper
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ด์—๋‹ค ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ 
02:03
and started practicing, practicing, practicing,
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ,
02:06
until I reached what I thought was a steady hand,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋งŒํผ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋์„ ๋•Œ,
02:07
and went into action.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐœ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Later, while checking my school bag,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—, ๋‚ด ์ฑ…๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹œ๋˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
02:12
my mother got hold of my school assignment and immediately saw that the signature was forged.
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๊ณผ์ œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์œ„์กฐ๋œ ์‹ธ์ธ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
02:15
She yelled at me like she never had before.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ „์— ์—†์ด ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
I went to hide in my bedroom, under the blankets,
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์ €๋Š” ์นจ์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ, ๋‹ด์š” ๋ฐ‘์— ์ˆจ์–ด์„œ,
02:20
and then I waited for my father to come back from work
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๊ฐ€ํ• ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:23
with, one could say, much apprehension.
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๊ทธ๋• ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:25
I heard him come in.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค์‹œ๊ณ 
02:27
I remained under the blankets. He entered my room,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋‹ด์š”๋ฐ‘์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ , ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ๋Š”,
02:31
sat on the corner of the bed,
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์นจ๋Œ€ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•—์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
and he was silent, so I pulled the blanket from my head,
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์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ์—†์œผ์‹œ๊ธธ๋ž˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ด์š”๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ๋“ค์ถ”์—ˆ์„๋•Œ
02:36
and when he saw me he started laughing.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋”๋‹ˆ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
He was laughing so hard, he could not stop and he was holding my assignment in his hand.
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์ œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฌผ์„ ์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ ๋Š”, ์•„์ฃผ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๊น”๊น”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›ƒ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Then he said, "But really, Sarah, you could have worked harder! Can't you see it's really too small?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋”๋‹ˆ, "์‚ฌ๋ผ์•ผ ๋„ˆ ์ง„์งœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜, ์•ผ ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ชผ๊ทธ๋งฃ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ž–๋ƒ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:46
Indeed, it's rather small.
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ํ•˜๊ธด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž‘๊ธด ์ž‘์•˜์ฃ .
02:52
I was born in Algeria.
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์ €๋Š” ์•Œ์ œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
There I would hear people say my father was a "moudjahid"
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๊ทธ๊ณณ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ "๋ฌด์žํžˆ๋“œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–‡๋Š”๋ฐ
02:57
and that means "fighter."
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ "์ „์‚ฌ" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Later on, in France, I loved eavesdropping on grownups' conversations,
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ํ›—๋‚ , ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ, ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฟ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:03
and I would hear all sorts of stories about my father's previous life,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:06
especially that he had "done" World War II,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ค‘ ์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค๊ณผ,
03:09
that he had "done" the Algerian war.
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์•Œ์ œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์ „ ๋•Œ ํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And in my head I would be thinking that "doing" a war meant being a soldier.
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์ €๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ "์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์€ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:14
But knowing my father, and how he kept saying that he was a pacifist and non-violent,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ค„๊ณง ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ‰ํ™”์ฃผ์˜์ž ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„ ํญ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์ž ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ์—,
03:17
I found it very hard to picture him with a helmet and gun.
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์ฒ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ด์„ ๋“  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
03:21
And indeed, I was very far from the mark.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ”์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
One day, while my father was working on a file
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์–ด๋Š๋‚ , ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๊ตญ์  ์ทจ๋“์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
03:26
for us to obtain French nationality,
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์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ,
03:29
I happened to see some documents
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด
03:31
that caught my attention.
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์ œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
These are real!
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์ด ์—ฌ๊ถŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์งœ์—์š”!
03:35
These are mine, I was born an Argentinean.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ํƒœ์ƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
03:38
But the document I happened to see
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๊ทธ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
03:40
that would help us build a case for the authorities
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๊ด€๊ณต์„œ์— ์ œ์ถœํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:42
was a document from the army
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๊ตฐ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์˜จ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜€๊ณ 
03:44
that thanked my father for his work
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ฐ€๊ณต์ž‘ ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์„œ
03:48
on behalf of the secret services.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
And then, suddenly, I went "wow!"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ, โ€˜์šฐ์™€โ€™
03:52
My father, a secret agent?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€, ๋น„๋ฐ€์š”์›?
03:54
It was very James Bond.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ โ€˜์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋ณธ๋“œโ€™? ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
I wanted to ask him questions, which he didn't answer.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
04:01
And later, I told myself that
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ํ›—๋‚ , ์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ
04:04
one day I would have to question him.
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๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค์งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And then I became a mother and had a son,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์„ ๋‘” ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:09
and finally decided it was time -- that he absolutely had to talk to us.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” --- ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
I had become a mother
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:14
and he was celebrating his 77th birthday,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ 77์„ธ ์ƒ์ผ์„ ๋งž์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
04:16
and suddenly I was very, very afraid.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:18
I feared he'd go
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ด๋Œ€๋กœ
04:21
and take his silences with him,
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์นจ๋ฌต์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ ,
04:23
and take his secrets with him.
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๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๊ฐ„์ง ํ•œ์ฑ„ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:24
I managed to convince him that it was important for us,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
04:27
but possibly also for other people
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„
04:28
that he shared his story.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
He decided to tell it to me
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:32
and I made a book,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๊ณ ์š”,
04:34
from which I'm going to read you some excerpts later.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ›„์— ๋ช‡ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•ด์„œ ์ฝ์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
So, his story. My father was born in Argentina.
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์ด์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…ง๊ณ 
04:39
His parents were of Russian descent.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
The whole family came to settle in France in the '30s.
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์— ์˜จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋กœ ์™€์„œ ์ •์ฐฉ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
His parents were Jewish, Russian and above all, very poor.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ ์ด์ž ์œ ํƒœ์ธ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:50
So at the age of 14 my father had to work.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” 14์„ธ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:53
And with his only diploma,
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๊ต์œก์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€,
04:54
his primary education certificate,
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์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ–์— ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
04:55
he found himself working at a dyer - dry cleaner.
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์—ผ์ƒ‰์ผ๊ณผ ์„ธํƒ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
That's where he discovered something totally magical,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:01
and when he talks about it, it's fascinating --
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ ๋ป‘ ๋น ์ง€๋Š”,
05:03
it's the magic of dyeing chemistry.
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๋งˆ์ˆ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์€ โ€˜์—ผ์ƒ‰ ํ™”ํ•™โ€™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
During that time the war was happening
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:07
and his mother was killed when he was 15.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ 15์„ธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
This coincided with the time when
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„
05:13
he threw himself body and soul into chemistry
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์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜จ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™”ํ•™๊ณต๋ถ€์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์„ ๋•Œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
05:15
because it was the only consolation for his sadness.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์— ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์œ„๋กœ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:17
All day he would ask many questions to his boss
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
05:21
to learn, to accumulate more and more knowledge,
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ํ™”ํ•™ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:24
and at night, when no one was looking,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐค์—๋Š”,
05:25
he'd put his experience to practice.
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•˜์ฃ .
05:27
He was mostly interested in ink bleaching.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‰ํฌ ํƒˆ์ƒ‰์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
All this to tell you
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:35
that if my father became a forger, actually,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์œ„์กฐ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
05:37
it was almost by accident.
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
His family was Jewish, so they were hounded.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์œ ํƒœ์ธ์ด์–ด์„œ, ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Finally they were all arrested and taken to the Drancy camp
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜์–ด Drancy(ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ถ€)์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
05:45
and they managed to get out at the last minute thanks to their Argentinean papers.
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๋‹คํ–‰์ด ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์ธ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ํ’€๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:48
Well, they were out,
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:49
but they were always in danger. The big "Jew" stamp was still on their papers.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ . โ€˜์œ ํƒœ์ธโ€™ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํฐ ๋„์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ์— ์ฐํ˜€์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:52
It was my grandfather who decided they needed false documents.
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:55
My father had been instilled with such respect for the law
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์ €์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ์ฃผ์ž…๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:59
that although he was being persecuted,
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๋ฐ•ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„,
06:01
he'd never thought of false papers.
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
But it was he who went to meet a man from the Resistance.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํƒ•์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:06
In those times documents had hard covers,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๊ฒ‰ ํ‘œ์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜,
06:08
they were filled in by hand,
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์† ๊ธ€์”จ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:10
and they stated your job.
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์ง์—…๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
In order to survive, he needed
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์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:15
to be working. He asked the man
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํƒ•์Šค ์—๊ฒŒ
06:17
to write "dyer."
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์ง์—…์ด โ€˜์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ณตโ€™ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž
06:19
Suddenly the man looked very, very interested.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜
06:22
As a "dyer," do you know how to bleach ink marks?
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"์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ณต" ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋„ˆ ์ž‰ํฌํƒˆ์ƒ‰๋„ ํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ๋„ค?
06:25
Of course he knew.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
06:27
And suddenly the man started explaining that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํƒ•์Šค๊ฐ€
06:29
actually the whole Resistance had a huge problem:
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
even the top experts
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ œ์ผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„
06:34
could not manage to bleach an ink, called "indelible,"
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"๋งŒ๋…„์ž‰ํฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, Waterman(ํ•„๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ)์˜ ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์ž‰ํฌ๋Š”,
06:38
the "Waterman" blue ink.
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ํƒˆ์ƒ‰ ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:40
And my father immediately replied that he knew exactly
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํƒˆ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
06:44
how to bleach it.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:45
Now, of course, the man was very impressed with this young man of 17
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์ค„ ์ด 17์„ธ์˜ ์ Š์€์ด์—๊ฒŒ
06:48
who could immediately give him the formula, so he recruited him.
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ํฐ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And actually, without knowing it, my father had invented something
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด ์งˆ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ์ฑ„, ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช… ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:55
we can find in every schoolchild's pencil case:
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:58
the so-called "correction pen."
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์†Œ์œ„ "์ˆ˜์ • ํŽœ" ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
(Applause)
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( ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ )
07:07
But it was only the beginning.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
That's my father.
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
As soon as he got to the lab,
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์ž‘์—…์‹ค์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์ž๋งˆ์ž,
07:11
even though he was the youngest,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์ž„์—๋„,
07:13
he immediately saw that there was a problem with the making of forged documents.
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์ž‘์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
All the movements stopped at falsifying.
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(๋ ˆ์ง€์Šคํƒ•์Šค ์˜)๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์ž‘์€ ์„œ๋ฅ˜์œ„์กฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง‰ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:18
But demand was ever-growing
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:21
and it was difficult to tamper with existing documents.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด์ฐŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
He told himself it was necessary to make them from scratch.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
He started a press. He started photoengraving.
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์ธ์‡„, ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ œํŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
07:28
He started making rubber stamps.
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๊ณ ๋ฌด๋„์žฅ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:30
He started inventing all kind of things --
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ --
07:31
with some materials he invented a centrifuge using a bicycle wheel.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด์˜ ์›์‹ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:35
Anyway, he had to do all this
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์–ด์จŒ๊ฑด, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€์„œ
07:37
because he was completely obsessed with output.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
07:40
He had made a simple calculation:
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
07:42
In one hour he could make 30 forged documents.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— 30์žฅ์˜ ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:45
If he slept one hour, 30 people would die.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์„ ์ž๋ฉด 30๋ช…์ด ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
This sense of
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 17์„ธ ๋‚˜์ด์—
07:52
responsibility for other people's lives when he was just 17 --
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ๊ณผ,
07:55
and also his guilt for being a survivor,
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์ž์‹ ์€ ์ƒ์กด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:58
since he had escaped the camp when his friends had not --
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์ด ---
08:02
stayed with him all his life.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And this is maybe what explains why, for 30 years,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
08:07
he continued to make false papers
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๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜์ œ์ž‘์—
08:10
at the expense of all kinds of sacrifices.
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๋ชฐ๋‘ ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
I'd like to talk about those sacrifices,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ํฌ์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:13
because there were many.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์€ ํฌ์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
There were obviously financial sacrifices
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ํฌ์ƒ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ
08:17
because he always refused to be paid.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:19
To him, being paid would have meant being a mercenary.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:22
If he had accepted payment,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด,
08:24
he wouldn't be able to say "yes" or "no"
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ถˆ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
08:25
depending on what he deemed a just or unjust cause.
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"๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค" ํ˜น์€ "์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:28
So he was a photographer by day,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์‚ฌ๋กœ,
08:30
and a forger by night for 30 years.
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๋ฐค์—๋Š” ์„œ๋ฅ˜์œ„์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
He was broke all of the time.
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Then there were the emotional sacrifices:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์  ํฌ์ƒ๋„ ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
How can one live with a woman while having so many secrets?
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:39
How can one explain what one does at night in the lab, every single night?
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๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:43
Of course, there was another kind of sacrifice
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
involving his family that I understood much later.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ํ›—๋‚  ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จ ๋˜์žˆ์ฃ .
08:50
One day my father introduced me to my sister.
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
He also explained to me that I had a brother, too,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋น ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
and the first time I saw them I must have been three or four,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์„œ ๋„ˆ์‚ด๋•Œ ์˜€์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
09:03
and they were 30 years older than me.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ณด๋‹ค 30์‚ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
They are both in their sixties now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ 60๋Œ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
In order to write the book,
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์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋Š”,
09:13
I asked my sister questions. I wanted to know who my father was,
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๋‚ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ, ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€
09:17
who was the father she had known.
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์–ธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
She explained that the father that she'd had
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์–ธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
09:22
would tell them he'd come and pick them up on Sunday to go for a walk.
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์ผ์š”์ผ ๋‚  ์™€์„œ ๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ฑ… ๊ฐ€์ž๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”,
09:27
They would get all dressed up and wait for him,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ท์„ ์ฐจ๋ ค ์ž…๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
09:29
but he would almost never come.
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์•„๋น ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:31
He'd say, "I'll call." He wouldn't call.
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"์ „ํ™” ํ•  ๊ป˜" ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ „ํ™” ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
09:34
And then he would not come.
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์˜ค์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Then one day he totally disappeared.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š๋‚  ํ™€์—ฐํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์…จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Time passed,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด์ž,
09:41
and they thought he had surely forgotten them,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์žŠ์œผ์‹  ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ๊ณ 
09:44
at first.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:46
Then as time passed,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜,
09:47
at the end of almost two years, they thought,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 2๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„
09:49
"Well, perhaps our father has died."
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"์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„ ๊บผ์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
And then I understood
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์ €๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:55
that asking my father so many questions
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์„
09:58
was stirring up a whole past he probably didn't feel like talking about
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฌป๊ณ  ๋“ค์ถฐ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:00
because it was painful.
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„.
10:02
And while my half brother and sister thought they'd been abandoned,
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์ €์˜ ์˜๋ถ“ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
10:07
orphaned,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”
10:08
my father was making false papers.
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:11
And if he did not tell them, it was of course to protect them.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:14
After the liberation he made false papers
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ํ›„์—๋„, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ์ „
10:16
to allow the survivors of concentration camps to immigrate to Palestine
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์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์ž๋“ค์ด ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
10:19
before the creation of Israel.
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๋„์™€ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
And then, as he was a staunch anti-colonialist,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ ์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ์จ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”,
10:23
he made false papers for Algerians during the Algerian war.
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์•Œ์ œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์ „ ์ค‘ ์•Œ์ œ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:27
After the Algerian war,
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์•Œ์ œ๋ฆฌ ์ „์Ÿ ํ›„์—๋Š” ,
10:29
at the heart of the international resistance movements,
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•ญ์šด๋™์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—
10:32
his name circulated
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ํšŒ์ž๋˜์–ด
10:34
and the whole world came knocking at his door.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
In Africa there were countries fighting for their independence:
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝํˆฌ์Ÿ ํ•˜๋˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค,
10:39
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Angola.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ์•„, ๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ์•„-๋น„์•„์ˆ˜, ์•™๊ณจ๋ผ,
10:42
And then my father connected with Nelson Mandela's anti-apartheid party.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋„ฌ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋ธ๋ผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜-์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๋‹น ๊ณผ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:47
He made false papers for persecuted black South Africans.
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ํ•™๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›๋˜ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
There was also Latin America.
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๋‚จ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:52
My father helped those who resisted dictatorships
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋„๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์นด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ๋…์žฌ์— ํ•ญ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋˜
10:55
in the Dominican Republic, Haiti,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€ ์ฃผ์…จ๊ณ ,
10:57
and then it was the turn of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, El Salvador, Nicaragua,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ฃผ์—˜๋ผ, ์—˜ ์‚ด๋ฐ”๋„๋ฅด, ๋‹ˆ์นด๋ผ๊ตฌ์•„,
11:03
Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Mexico.
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์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„, ํŽ˜๋ฃจ, ์šฐ๋ฃจ๊ณผ์ด, ์น ๋ ˆ ์™€ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜€์ง€์š”.
11:09
Then there was the Vietnam War.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ „์Ÿ๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
11:10
My father made false papers for the American deserters
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ด ๊ฒจ๋ˆ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ํƒˆ์˜๋ณ‘๋“ค์„
11:13
who did not wish to take up arms against the Vietnamese.
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๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Europe was not spared either.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋„ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
11:18
My father made false papers for the dissidents
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ํ”„๋ž‘์ฝ”์™€ ํดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ์˜ ์‚ด๋ผ์ž๋ฅด์— ํ•ญ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”
11:20
against Franco in Spain, Salazar in Portugal,
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๋ฐ˜ ์ฒด์ œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋…์žฌ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š”
11:24
against the colonels' dictatorship in Greece,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์…ง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
and even in France.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ๋„
11:30
There, just once, it happened in May of 1968.
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1968๋…„ 5์›”์— ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:34
My father watched, benevolently, of course,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
11:36
the demonstrations of the month of May,
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๊ทธ 5์›”์˜ ๋ฐ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ณด์…จ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:39
but his heart was elsewhere, and so was his time
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๋งˆ์Œ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:41
because he had over 15 countries to serve.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์—ด๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:45
Once, though, he agreed to make false papers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋™์˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
11:47
for someone you might recognize.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”
11:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
11:52
He was much younger in those days,
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์ด ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ Š์€ ๋•Œ์˜€์ฃ .
11:54
and my father agreed to make false papers
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
11:56
to enable him to come back and speak at a meeting.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์™€ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
He told me that those false papers were the most media-relevant
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ธ๋ก ๋งค์ฒด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:04
and the least useful he'd had to make in all his life.
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํฐ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
12:07
But, he agreed to do it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
12:09
even though Daniel Cohn-Bendit's life was not in danger,
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Daniel Cohn Bandit์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
12:12
just because
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๋‹จ์ง€
12:14
it was a good opportunity
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
12:16
to mock the authorities,
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ ,
12:18
and to show them that there's nothing more porous than borders --
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€๋ฌธ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
12:21
and that ideas have no borders.
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์‹ ๋…์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†์ฃ .
12:26
All my childhood,
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๋‚ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ,
12:28
while my friends' dads would tell them Grimm's fairy tales,
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์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋“ค์ด Grimm(๋…์ผ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ์ž‘๊ฐ€)์˜ ๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด์ค„ ๋•Œ,
12:32
my father would tell me stories about very unassuming heroes
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๋‚˜์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜์›…๋“ค์ด
12:36
with unshakeable utopias
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ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ์ด์ƒํ–ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:39
who managed to make miracles.
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๊ธฐ์  ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:42
And those heroes did not need an army behind them.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋’ค์— ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜์›…๋“ค์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Anyhow, nobody would have followed them,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
12:48
except for a handful [of] men and women of conviction and courage.
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์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:51
I understood much later
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ์ฐธ ํ›„์—์•ผ
12:53
that actually it was his own story my father would tell me to get me to sleep.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ž ์žฌ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ณง ์ž๊ธฐ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
I asked him whether, considering the sacrifices he had to make,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
12:59
he ever had any regrets.
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ํ˜น์‹œ ํ›„ํšŒ๋Š” ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
13:01
He said no.
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โ€˜์•„๋‹ˆโ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
13:03
He told me that he would have been unable
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”
13:05
to witness or submit to injustice without doing anything.
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๋ถˆ์˜์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
He was persuaded, and he's still convinced
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:11
that another world is possible --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ƒ,
13:13
a world where no one would ever need a forger.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์œ„์กฐ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉฐ
13:16
He's still dreaming about it.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ„์งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
My father
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์ €์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๊ฐ€
13:20
is here in the room today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์™€ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”โ€ฆ
13:21
His name is Adolfo Kaminsky and I'm going to ask him to stand up.
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Adolfo Kaminsky ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
13:25
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
13:46
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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