How to speak up for yourself | Adam Galinsky

964,093 views ใƒป 2016-12-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Dani Segdan ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Speaking up is hard to do.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื›ื.
00:16
I understood the true meaning of this phrase exactly one month ago,
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ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
00:21
when my wife and I became new parents.
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ื›ืฉืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
00:25
It was an amazing moment.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
00:26
It was exhilarating and elating,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ื ืคืฉ,
00:29
but it was also scary and terrifying.
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ืืš ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ื•ืžื‘ืขื™ืช.
00:32
And it got particularly terrifying when we got home from the hospital,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
00:36
and we were unsure
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื
00:38
whether our little baby boy was getting enough nutrients from breastfeeding.
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ืื ื‘ื ื ื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื”ื ืงื”.
00:42
And we wanted to call our pediatrician,
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืคืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
00:45
but we also didn't want to make a bad first impression
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ืืš ื’ื ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื•ืฉื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™
00:48
or come across as a crazy, neurotic parent.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื, ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
00:51
So we worried.
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ืื– ื“ืื’ื ื•.
00:52
And we waited.
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ื•ื—ื™ื›ื™ื ื•.
00:54
When we got to the doctor's office the next day,
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžื—ืจืช ืœืžืจืคืืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื”,
00:56
she immediately gave him formula because he was pretty dehydrated.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉ.
01:01
Our son is fine now,
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ื‘ื ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
01:02
and our doctor has reassured us we can always contact her.
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ื•ื”ืจื•ืคืื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉืื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื™ืžื” ืงืฉืจ.
01:06
But in that moment,
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ืืš ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข,
01:07
I should've spoken up, but I didn't.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ืขืชื™, ื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช.
01:10
But sometimes we speak up when we shouldn't,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื• ื›ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
01:14
and I learned that over 10 years ago when I let my twin brother down.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืฉืื›ื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืื—ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื.
01:18
My twin brother is a documentary filmmaker,
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ืื—ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื,
01:21
and for one of his first films,
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืจื˜ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
01:22
he got an offer from a distribution company.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืฆื”.
01:25
He was excited,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืจื’ืฉ,
01:26
and he was inclined to accept the offer.
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ื•ื ื˜ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”.
01:29
But as a negotiations researcher,
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ืืš ื›ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ,
01:31
I insisted he make a counteroffer,
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ื”ืชืขืงืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื” ื ื’ื“ื™ืช,
01:34
and I helped him craft the perfect one.
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ื•ืขื–ืจืชื™ ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.
01:37
And it was perfect --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช --
01:39
it was perfectly insulting.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื.
01:42
The company was so offended,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื” ื ืคื’ืขื”,
01:44
they literally withdrew the offer
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ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื›ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื
01:46
and my brother was left with nothing.
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ื•ืื—ื™ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื ื›ืœื•ื.
01:48
And I've asked people all over the world about this dilemma of speaking up:
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืš:
01:52
when they can assert themselves,
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ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื,
ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
01:54
when they can push their interests,
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01:55
when they can express an opinion,
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ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื“ืขื”,
01:58
when they can make an ambitious ask.
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ืžืชื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืืคืชื ื™ืช.
02:00
And the range of stories are varied and diverse,
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
02:05
but they also make up a universal tapestry.
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ืืš ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื ืžืืจื’ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™.
02:07
Can I correct my boss when they make a mistake?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ืขื”?
02:10
Can I confront my coworker who keeps stepping on my toes?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืขื ืงื•ืœื’ื” ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืชื™?
02:14
Can I challenge my friend's insensitive joke?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ?
02:18
Can I tell the person I love the most my deepest insecurities?
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™?
02:22
And through these experiences, I've come to recognize
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื”
02:25
that each of us have something called a range of acceptable behavior.
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืœื”.
02:29
Now, sometimes we're too strong; we push ourselves too much.
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ื›ืš, ืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
02:34
That's what happened with my brother.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืขื ืื—ื™,
02:36
Even making an offer was outside his range of acceptable behavior.
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ืขืฆื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•.
02:41
But sometimes we're too weak.
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ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื• ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™.
02:43
That's what happened with my wife and I.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™ ื•ืœืืฉืชื™.
02:45
And this range of acceptable behaviors --
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ื•ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืœื” --
02:47
when we stay within our range, we're rewarded.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ื• ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœื™ื.
02:50
When we step outside that range, we get punished in a variety of ways.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื• ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื™ื.
02:54
We get dismissed or demeaned or even ostracized.
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ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืก ืžื‘ื˜ืœ, ืžื•ืฉืคืœื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืžื ื•ื“ื™ื.
02:58
Or we lose that raise or that promotion or that deal.
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ืื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื• ื”ืขื™ืกืงื”.
03:01
Now, the first thing we need to know is:
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ:
03:04
What is my range?
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™?
03:06
But the key thing is, our range isn't fixed;
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ืืš ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืข;
03:11
it's actually pretty dynamic.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื ืžื™.
03:12
It expands and it narrows based on the context.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ.
03:17
And there's one thing that determines that range more than anything else,
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ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ,
03:22
and that's your power.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœื›ื.
03:23
Your power determines your range.
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ืขื•ืฆืžืชื›ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื.
03:25
What is power?
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ืžื”ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”?
03:26
Power comes in lots of forms.
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ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช.
03:28
In negotiations, it comes in the form of alternatives.
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ื‘ืžื•"ืž ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช.
03:31
So my brother had no alternatives;
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ืœืื—ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช;
03:33
he lacked power.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
03:35
The company had lots of alternatives;
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ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช;
03:36
they had power.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
03:38
Sometimes it's being new to a country, like an immigrant,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื›ืžื”ื’ืจ,
03:41
or new to an organization
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ืื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
03:42
or new to an experience,
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ืื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ,
03:44
like my wife and I as new parents.
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ื›ืžื• ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:46
Sometimes it's at work,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
03:47
where someone's the boss and someone's the subordinate.
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ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืคื™ืฃ,
03:50
Sometimes it's in relationships,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื,
03:52
where one person's more invested than the other person.
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ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื•ืฉืงืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื ื™.
03:55
And the key thing is that when we have lots of power,
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ื•ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื”,
03:58
our range is very wide.
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ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื.
04:00
We have a lot of leeway in how to behave.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•.
04:03
But when we lack power, our range narrows.
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ืืš ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืงื˜ืŸ.
04:06
We have very little leeway.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื.
04:08
The problem is that when our range narrows,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืฆืจ,
04:11
that produces something called the low-power double bind.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ื—ืกื ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื”.
04:16
The low-power double bind happens
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ื”ื—ืกื ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืงื•ืจื”
04:19
when, if we don't speak up, we go unnoticed,
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ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืชืงื™ื, ื•ืื– ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•,
04:22
but if we do speak up, we get punished.
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ืืš ืื ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ื ื™ืขื ืฉ.
04:25
Now, many of you have heard the phrase the "double bind"
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ื›ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ื”ื—ืกื ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ"
04:28
and connected it with one thing, and that's gender.
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ื•ืงื™ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“, ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ.
04:31
The gender double bind is women who don't speak up go unnoticed,
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ื”ื—ืกื ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชืŸ,
04:35
and women who do speak up get punished.
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ื•ืืœื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ืขื ืฉื•ืช.
04:38
And the key thing is that women have the same need as men to speak up,
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ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชืŸ ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
04:43
but they have barriers to doing so.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ืกืžื™ื ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
04:46
But what my research has shown over the last two decades
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืจืื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
04:49
is that what looks like a gender difference
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ืฉืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื’ื“ืจื™
04:53
is not really a gender double bind,
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืื™ื ื• ื—ืกื ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ,
04:55
it's a really a low-power double bind.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืกื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื”.
04:57
And what looks like a gender difference
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืžื’ื“ืจ
04:59
are really often just power differences in disguise.
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ื”ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจืง ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช.
05:03
Oftentimes we see a difference between a man and a woman
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ืฉื”
05:06
or men and women,
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ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื,
05:07
and think, "Biological cause. There's something fundamentally different
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื "ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
05:10
about the sexes."
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื."
05:12
But in study after study,
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ืืš ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ
05:14
I've found that a better explanation for many sex differences
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืžื’ื“ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื
05:18
is really power.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
05:20
And so it's the low-power double bind.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืกื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื”.
05:23
And the low-power double bind means that we have a narrow range,
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ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฆืจ,
05:28
and we lack power.
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ื ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
05:30
We have a narrow range,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฆืจ,
05:31
and our double bind is very large.
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ื•ื”ื—ืกื ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื ืจื—ื‘.
05:34
So we need to find ways to expand our range.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:36
And over the last couple decades,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
05:38
my colleagues and I have found two things really matter.
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ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื,
05:41
The first: you seem powerful in your own eyes.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืืชื” ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžืš.
05:46
The second: you seem powerful in the eyes of others.
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ื”ืฉื ื™: ืืชื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:49
When I feel powerful,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™,
05:52
I feel confident, not fearful;
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื ืคื—ื“;
05:54
I expand my own range.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™.
05:55
When other people see me as powerful,
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ื›ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™,
05:58
they grant me a wider range.
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ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืคืขื•ืœื”.
06:01
So we need tools to expand our range of acceptable behavior.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
06:05
And I'm going to give you a set of tools today.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœื™ื.
06:08
Speaking up is risky,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•,
06:10
but these tools will lower your risk of speaking up.
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ืืš ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืขื”.
06:15
The first tool I'm going to give you got discovered in negotiations
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื•"ืž
06:20
in an important finding.
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ื‘ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
06:22
On average, women make less ambitious offers
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ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื•ืช
06:26
and get worse outcomes than men at the bargaining table.
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ื•ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืžื•"ืž.
06:30
But Hannah Riley Bowles and Emily Amanatullah have discovered
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ืืš ื—ื ื” ืจื™ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื•ืื•ืœืก ื•ืืžื™ืœื™ ืืžืื ื˜ื•ืœืœื” ื’ื™ืœื•
06:33
there's one situation where women get the same outcomes as men
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื• ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
06:37
and are just as ambitious.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
06:39
That's when they advocate for others.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื.
06:43
When they advocate for others,
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื,
06:45
they discover their own range and expand it in their own mind.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
06:50
They become more assertive.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:51
This is sometimes called "the mama bear effect."
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ืœืขืชื™ื ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ืชื•ืคืขืช ืืžื ื“ื•ื‘ื”."
06:55
Like a mama bear defending her cubs,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžื ื“ื•ื‘ื” ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจื™ื”,
06:57
when we advocate for others, we can discover our own voice.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื•.
07:02
But sometimes, we have to advocate for ourselves.
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ืืš ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื ื•,
07:05
How do we do that?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช?
07:06
One of the most important tools we have to advocate for ourselves
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
07:10
is something called perspective-taking.
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ื ืงืจื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
07:13
And perspective-taking is really simple:
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ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืคืฉื•ื˜:
07:16
it's simply looking at the world through the eyes of another person.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
07:21
It's one of the most important tools we have to expand our range.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:24
When I take your perspective,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžืฅ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื›ื,
07:26
and I think about what you really want,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
07:29
you're more likely to give me what I really want.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืชื ืชืชื ื• ืœื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื”.
07:33
But here's the problem:
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ืืš ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื:
07:34
perspective-taking is hard to do.
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ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
07:37
So let's do a little experiment.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
07:38
I want you all to hold your hand just like this:
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš:
07:41
your finger -- put it up.
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ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ื”ืžื•ืจื” -- ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื”.
07:43
And I want you to draw a capital letter E on your forehead
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืช "E" ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื— ืฉืœื›ื
07:48
as quickly as possible.
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
07:52
OK, it turns out that we can draw this E in one of two ways,
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OK, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ E ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื,
07:55
and this was originally designed as a test of perspective-taking.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜.
07:58
I'm going to show you two pictures
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
08:00
of someone with an E on their forehead --
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ื”ืื•ืช E ืขืœ ืžืฆื—ื• --
08:02
my former student, Erika Hall.
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ืœ.
08:05
And you can see over here,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
08:07
that's the correct E.
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ื–ื• ื”-E ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
08:08
I drew the E so it looks like an E to another person.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”-E ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ืจืื” ื›-E ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ.
08:12
That's the perspective-taking E
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ื–ื• ื”-E ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜
08:14
because it looks like an E from someone else's vantage point.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื›-E ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
08:17
But this E over here is the self-focused E.
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ืืš ื”-E ื”ื–ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื E ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”.
08:20
We often get self-focused.
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ืื ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
08:22
And we particularly get self-focused in a crisis.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
08:26
I want to tell you about a particular crisis.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
08:28
A man walks into a bank in Watsonville, California.
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ืื“ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื ืง ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
08:32
And he says, "Give me $2,000,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, :"ืชื ื• ืœื™ 2,000$
08:34
or I'm blowing the whole bank up with a bomb."
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ืื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืคื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืขื ืคืฆืฆื”."
08:37
Now, the bank manager didn't give him the money.
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ื•ืื–, ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ,
08:40
She took a step back.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”.
08:41
She took his perspective,
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื•,
08:43
and she noticed something really important.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“.
08:45
He asked for a specific amount of money.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™.
08:48
So she said,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
08:50
"Why did you ask for $2,000?"
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"ืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉืช 2,000$?"
08:53
And he said, "My friend is going to be evicted
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ื ื”
08:55
unless I get him $2,000 immediately."
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ืื ืœื ืืฉื™ื’ ืœื• 2,000$ ืžื™ื“."
08:57
And she said, "Oh! You don't want to rob the bank --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื•ื”! ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืง --
09:01
you want to take out a loan."
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”."
09:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:03
"Why don't you come back to my office,
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"ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™,
09:05
and we can have you fill out the paperwork."
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืš ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช."
09:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:09
Now, her quick perspective-taking defused a volatile situation.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื˜ืจืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื ืคื™ืฅ.
09:14
So when we take someone's perspective,
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ืื– ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
09:16
it allows us to be ambitious and assertive, but still be likable.
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ืคื™ื, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื.
09:21
Here's another way to be assertive but still be likable,
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื™ืฃ ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘,
09:24
and that is to signal flexibility.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ืœืื•ืชืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.
09:27
Now, imagine you're a car salesperson, and you want to sell someone a car.
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ื“ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
09:31
You're going to more likely make the sale if you give them two options.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชื‘ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื ืชืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืฉืชื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช,
09:36
Let's say option A:
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ื ืืžืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื:
09:37
$24,000 for this car and a five-year warranty.
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24,000$ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
09:41
Or option B:
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ืื• ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘':
09:42
$23,000 and a three-year warranty.
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23,000$ ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
09:45
My research shows that when you give people a choice among options,
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ืžืจืื” ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช,
09:49
it lowers their defenses,
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:51
and they're more likely to accept your offer.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื›ื.
09:54
And this doesn't just work with salespeople;
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“;
09:56
it works with parents.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื,
09:57
When my niece was four,
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ื›ืฉืื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืืจื‘ืข,
09:58
she resisted getting dressed and rejected everything.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื” ืœื”ืชืœื‘ืฉ ื•ื“ื—ืชื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
10:02
But then my sister-in-law had a brilliant idea.
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ื•ืื– ืœื’ื™ืกืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง.
10:05
What if I gave my daughter a choice?
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ืžื” ืื ืืชืŸ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”?
10:07
This shirt or that shirt? OK, that shirt.
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ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื–ื• ืื• ื–ื•? OK ื–ื•.
10:09
This pant or that pant? OK, that pant.
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ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืื• ืืœื”? OK, ื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:11
And it worked brilliantly.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:13
She got dressed quickly and without resistance.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืœื‘ืฉื” ืžื”ืจ ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช.
10:17
When I've asked the question around the world
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ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:19
when people feel comfortable speaking up,
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ืžืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื,
10:21
the number one answer is:
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืก' ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื:
10:23
"When I have social support in my audience; when I have allies."
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"ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืงื”ืœ, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช"
10:28
So we want to get allies on our side.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื•.
10:31
How do we do that?
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช?
10:33
Well, one of the ways is be a mama bear.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื ื“ื•ื‘ื”.
10:36
When we advocate for others,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื,
10:37
we expand our range in our own eyes and the eyes of others,
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ืื ื• ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•, ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื,
10:41
but we also earn strong allies.
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ืืš ืื ื• ื’ื ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
10:43
Another way we can earn strong allies, especially in high places,
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ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื,
10:48
is by asking other people for advice.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
10:51
When we ask others for advice, they like us because we flatter them,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื ื• ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ืชื ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืื™ื ืœื”ื,
10:57
and we're expressing humility.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ื”.
10:59
And this really works to solve another double bind.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ืกื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืื—ืจ.
11:02
And that's the self-promotion double bind.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ืกื ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขืฆืžื™.
11:05
The self-promotion double bind
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ื—ืกื ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขืฆืžื™
11:07
is that if we don't advertise our accomplishments,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ืื ื• ืœื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื•,
11:10
no one notices.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ.
11:11
And if we do, we're not likable.
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ื•ืื ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื™ื ื ื• ืื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
11:13
But if we ask for advice about one of our accomplishments,
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ืืš ืื ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืขืฆื” ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื•,
11:17
we are able to be competent in their eyes but also be likeable.
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ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก ื›ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
11:22
And this is so powerful
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื” ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™
11:24
it even works when you see it coming.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
11:27
There have been multiple times in life when I have been forewarned
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ื”ื™ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืชืจืื”
11:31
that a low-power person has been given the advice to come ask me for advice.
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ืฉืื“ื ื—ืกืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืชื™.
11:36
I want you to notice three things about this:
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”:
11:38
First, I knew they were going to come ask me for advice.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืชื™.
11:41
Two, I've actually done research on the strategic benefits
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื
11:45
of asking for advice.
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ืฉื‘ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขืฆื•ืช.
11:47
And three, it still worked!
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช!
11:50
I took their perspective,
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ืื™ืžืฆืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
11:51
I became more invested in their cause,
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืžื•ืฉืงืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื”ื,
11:54
I became more committed to them because they asked for advice.
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ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืœืขืฆืชื™.
11:58
Now, another time we feel more confident speaking up
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ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•
12:01
is when we have expertise.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช.
12:04
Expertise gives us credibility.
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ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื ื” ืœื ื• ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.
12:06
When we have high power, we already have credibility.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.
12:09
We only need good evidence.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืจืง ืœืจืื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
12:11
When we lack power, we don't have the credibility.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.
12:14
We need excellent evidence.
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
12:17
And one of the ways we can come across as an expert
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ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืžื•ืžื—ื”
12:21
is by tapping into our passion.
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ื”ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•.
12:23
I want everyone in the next few days to go up to friend of theirs
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืœืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ
12:27
and just say to them,
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ื•ืจืง ื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื,
12:29
"I want you to describe a passion of yours to me."
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"ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืชืืจ ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœืš."
12:32
I've had people do this all over the world
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:35
and I asked them,
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื,
12:36
"What did you notice about the other person
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"ื‘ืžื” ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื ื‘ืื“ื ื”ืฉื ื™
12:38
when they described their passion?"
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ืชื™ืืจื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงืชื?"
12:40
And the answers are always the same.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
12:42
"Their eyes lit up and got big."
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"ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืžืœืื• ืื•ืจ ื•ื’ื“ืœื•."
12:44
"They smiled a big beaming smile."
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"ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื›ื• ื—ื™ื•ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจ."
12:47
"They used their hands all over --
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"ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš --
12:49
I had to duck because their hands were coming at me."
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™."
12:51
"They talk quickly with a little higher pitch."
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"ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืจ, ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ."
12:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:55
"They leaned in as if telling me a secret."
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"ื”ื ื ื˜ื• ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื™ ืกื•ื“."
12:57
And then I said to them,
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ื•ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื,
12:58
"What happened to you as you listened to their passion?"
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"ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœื›ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื?"
13:02
They said, "My eyes lit up.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืขื™ื ื™ ืื•ืจื•.
13:04
I smiled.
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ื—ื™ื™ื›ืชื™.
13:05
I leaned in."
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ื•ื ื˜ื™ืชื™ ืงื“ื™ืžื”."
13:07
When we tap into our passion,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•,
13:09
we give ourselves the courage, in our own eyes, to speak up,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
13:12
but we also get the permission from others to speak up.
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ืืš ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื•.
13:16
Tapping into our passion even works when we come across as too weak.
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื ื• ื ืจืื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™.
13:22
Both men and women get punished at work when they shed tears.
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ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื–ื™ืœื™ื ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:27
But Lizzie Wolf has shown that when we frame our strong emotions as passion,
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ืืš ืœื™ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืœืฃ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืชืฉื•ืงื”,
13:33
the condemnation of our crying disappears for both men and women.
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ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื ืขืœื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.
13:40
I want to end with a few words from my late father
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื
13:44
that he spoke at my twin brother's wedding.
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ืื•ืชืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ืช ืื—ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื.
13:46
Here's a picture of us.
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ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
13:49
My dad was a psychologist like me,
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
13:51
but his real love and his real passion was cinema,
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ืืš ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ืชืฉื•ืงืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข,
13:55
like my brother.
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ื›ืžื• ืื—ื™.
13:56
And so he wrote a speech for my brother's wedding
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื ืื•ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืช ืื—ื™
13:59
about the roles we play in the human comedy.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืื ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
14:02
And he said, "The lighter your touch,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื’ืข ืฉืœืš ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:04
the better you become at improving and enriching your performance.
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ื›ืš ืชืชืงื“ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ื”ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœืš.
14:09
Those who embrace their roles and work to improve their performance
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ืืœื” ืฉืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื
14:14
grow, change and expand the self.
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ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™.
14:17
Play it well,
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ืฉื—ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘,
14:18
and your days will be mostly joyful."
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ื•ื™ืžื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘."
14:20
What my dad was saying
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืชื”
14:22
is that we've all been assigned ranges and roles in this world.
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ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื™ืชื ื• ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
14:27
But he was also saying the essence of this talk:
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื•:
14:31
those roles and ranges are constantly expanding and evolving.
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช.
14:36
So when a scene calls for it,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘,
14:39
be a ferocious mama bear
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ื”ื™ื• ืืžื ื“ื•ื‘ื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช
14:41
and a humble advice seeker.
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ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืฆื” ืขื ื™ื•.
14:43
Have excellent evidence and strong allies.
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ืื™ืกืคื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
14:47
Be a passionate perspective taker.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืืžืฆื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื,
14:50
And if you use those tools --
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ื•ืื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื” --
14:52
and each and every one of you can use these tools --
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• --
14:56
you will expand your range of acceptable behavior,
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ืืชื ืชืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื,
14:59
and your days will be mostly joyful.
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ื•ื™ืžื™ื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื™ื.
15:04
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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