A small country with big ideas to get rid of fossil fuels | Monica Araya

184,594 views ใƒป 2016-09-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Uri Ladell ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
How do we build a society
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื‘ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื”
00:16
without fossil fuels?
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ืœืœื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื?
00:18
This is a very complex challenge,
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ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘,
00:21
and I believe developing countries could take the lead in this transition.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
00:27
And I'm aware that this is a contentious statement,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช,
00:30
but the reality is that so much is at stake in our countries
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืกื›ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•,
00:35
if we let fossil fuels stay at the center of our development.
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ืื ื ืจืฉื” ืœื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:41
We can do it differently.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
00:44
And it's time, it really is time,
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
00:47
to debunk the myth
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ืœื”ืคืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก
00:50
that a country has to choose between development on the one hand
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ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“
00:55
and environmental protection, renewables, quality of life, on the other.
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ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™.
01:01
I come from Costa Rica, a developing country.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช.
01:04
We are nearly five million people,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
01:08
and we live right in the middle of the Americas,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชืคืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
01:10
so it's very easy to remember where we live.
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ื›ืš ืฉืงืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ืจื™ื.
01:15
Nearly 100 percent of our electricity
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 100 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•
01:22
comes from renewable sources,
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ืžื•ืคืง ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
01:24
five of them.
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื.
01:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:30
Hydropower, geothermal,
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ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ื, ื’ื™ืื•ืชืจืžื™ื,
01:34
wind, solar, biomass.
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ืจื•ื—, ืฉืžืฉ, ื‘ื™ื•-ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:39
Did you know that last year,
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ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
01:41
for 299 days,
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ืœืื•ืจืš 299 ื™ืžื™ื,
01:44
we did not use any fossil fuels
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ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
01:47
in order to generate all our electricity?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•?
01:52
It's a fantastic achievement,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืื“ื™ืจ,
01:56
and yet, it hides a paradox,
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ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก,
02:03
which is that nearly 70 percent
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ 70 ืื—ื•ื–
02:06
of all our energy consumption is oil.
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ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืคื˜.
02:11
Why?
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ืœืžื”?
02:13
Because of our transportation system,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:16
which is totally dependent on fossil fuels,
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
02:19
like it is in most countries.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:22
So if we think of the energy transition as a marathon,
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ืื– ืื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื”ื•ื ืžืจืชื•ืŸ,
02:26
the question is, how do we get to the finish line,
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื,
02:29
how do we decarbonize the rest of the economy?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืคื—ื ืžื™ืชืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”?
02:33
And it's fair to say that if we don't succeed,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื—
02:36
it's difficult to see who will.
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ืงืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื—.
02:38
So that is why I want to talk to you about Costa Rica,
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”,
02:42
because I believe we are a great candidate
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
02:44
in pioneering a vision for development without fossil fuels.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืฆื” ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืœื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
02:51
If you know one thing about our country,
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ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:54
it's that we don't have an army.
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ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฆื‘ื.
02:57
So I'm going to take you back to 1948.
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ืื– ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœ-1948.
03:01
That year, the country was coming out of civil war.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
03:06
Thousands of Costa Ricans had died,
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ืืœืคื™ื ืžืื–ืจื—ื™ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ืžืชื•,
03:09
and families were bitterly split.
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ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉืกื•ืขื•ืช.
03:13
And yet, a surprising idea won the hearts and minds:
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช:
03:18
we would reboot the country,
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ื ืืชื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
03:20
and that Second Republic would have no army.
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ื•ืœืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื‘ื.
03:23
So we abolished it.
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ืื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
03:25
And the president at the time,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”,
03:28
Josรฉ Figueres,
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ื—ื•ื–ื” ืคื™ื’ืจืก,
03:30
found a powerful way by smashing the walls of an army base.
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ื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืฉื ื™ืคืฅ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆื‘ืื™.
03:37
The following year, 1949,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ โ€“ 1949,
03:40
we made that decision permanent in the new constitution,
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ืงื™ื‘ืขื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
03:44
and that is why I can tell you that story nearly 70 years later.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ 70 ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
03:49
And I'm grateful.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื”.
03:51
I'm grateful they made that decision before I was born,
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ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ืชื™,
03:55
because it allowed me and millions of others
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ื•ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:57
to live in a very stable country.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:01
And you might be thinking that it was good luck,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ืœ,
04:04
but it wasn't.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืœ.
04:05
There was a pattern of deliberate choices.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
04:10
In the '40s, Costa Ricans were given free education and free health care.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40, ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื.
04:16
We called that social guarantees.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
04:18
By abolishing the army,
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ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื
04:20
we were able to turn military spending into social spending,
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ืชื™ืขืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”,
04:25
and that was a driver of stability.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื ื™ืข ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
04:28
In the '50s --
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50
04:29
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:34
In the '50s, we started investing in hydropower,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื™ืช,
04:38
and that kept us away from the trap
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช
04:40
of using fossil fuels for electricity generation,
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ,
04:43
which is what the world is struggling with today.
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ื”ืฆืจื” ืื™ืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:47
In the '70s we invested in national parks,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
04:50
and that kept us away
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื•
04:53
from the deeply flawed logic of growth, growth, growth at any cost
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ืžื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ,
04:58
that you see others embracing, especially in the developing world.
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ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
05:02
In the '90s, we pioneered payments for ecosystem services,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช,
05:06
and that helped us reverse deforestation
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžื’ืžืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช
05:08
and boosted ecotourism, which today is a key engine of growth.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ืข ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
05:13
So investing in environmental protection
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ืื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
05:15
did not hurt our economy.
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ืœื ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:18
Quite the opposite.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื™ืคืš.
05:19
And it doesn't mean we are perfect,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื,
05:21
and it doesn't mean we don't have contradictions.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื.
05:23
That's not the point.
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
05:25
The point is that, by making our own choices,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืš ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™,
05:29
we were able to develop resilience in dealing with development problems.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื— ื—ื•ืกืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืคื™ืชื•ื—.
05:36
Also, if you take a country like ours,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•,
05:39
the GDP per capita is around 11,000 dollars,
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ื”ืชืž"ื’ ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš 11,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
05:43
depending on how you measure it.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
05:46
But according to the Social Progress Index,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”-SPI (ืžื“ื“ ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช),
05:48
we are an absolute outlier
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื
05:50
when it comes to turning GDP into social progress.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืชืž"ื’ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
05:54
Abolishing the army,
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื,
05:55
investing in nature and people,
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ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื,
05:57
did something very powerful, too.
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ืขืฉื• ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™.
06:01
It shaped the narrative,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘,
06:04
the narrative of a small country with big ideas,
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ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
06:06
and it was very empowering to grow up with that narrative.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฆื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื›ื–ื”.
06:11
So the question is,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
06:13
what is the next big idea for this generation?
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™?
06:18
And I believe what comes next
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
06:20
is for this generation to let go of fossil fuels for good,
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื™ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
06:27
just as we did with the army.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ื.
06:30
Fossil fuels create climate change.
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ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
06:32
We know that,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช,
06:34
and we know how vulnerable we are to the impacts of climate change.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
06:38
So as a developing country, it is in our best interest
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ืื– ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•
06:42
to build development without fossil fuels
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ืื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืœื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
06:44
that harm people in the first place.
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ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
06:48
Because
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ื›ื™ ืœืžื” ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื ืคื˜
06:51
why would we continue importing oil
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06:55
for transportation
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ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
06:57
if we can use electricity instead?
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•?
07:00
Remember,
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ืชื–ื›ืจื•,
07:02
this is the country
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
07:04
where electricity comes from water in our rivers,
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ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื™ื ื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
07:10
heat from volcanoes,
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ืžื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ,
07:13
wind turbines, solar panels,
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ืžื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—, ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื,
07:16
biowaste.
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ืžื‘ื™ื•-ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
07:18
Abolishing fossil fuels means disrupting our transportation system
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•
07:24
so that we can power our cars, buses and trains with electricity
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
07:30
instead of dirty energy.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช.
07:32
And transportation, let me tell you,
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ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ,
07:34
has become an existential issue for us Costa Ricans,
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”,
07:38
because the model we have is not working for us.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
07:41
It's hurting people,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
07:43
it's hurting companies,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
07:45
and it's hurting our health.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:47
Because when policies and infrastructure fail,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืช,
07:52
this is what happens on a daily basis.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื.
07:56
Two hours in the morning,
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ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
07:58
two hours in the evening.
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ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘.
08:00
I don't understand why we have to accept this as normal.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
08:04
It's offensive
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ื–ื” ืžืขืœื™ื‘
08:07
to have to waste our time like this every single day.
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ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื• ื›ื›ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื.
08:11
And this highway is actually quite good
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ื•ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
08:13
compared to what you see in other countries
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
08:15
where traffic is exploding.
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:18
You know, Costa Ricans call this "presa."
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ืคืจืกื”".
08:21
Presa means "imprisoned."
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"ืคืจืกื”" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• "ื›ืœื•ื".
08:24
And people are turning violent
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื™ื
08:27
in a country that is otherwise happy in pura vida.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืคืจื˜ ืœื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”-"ืคื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื“ื”" (ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื).
08:32
It's happening.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
08:33
So a lot is at stake.
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ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื.
08:36
The good news
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ
08:38
is that when we talk about clean transportation
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”
08:41
and different mobility,
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ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื—ืจื•ืช
08:42
we're not talking about some distant utopia out there.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืžืจื—ืงื™ื.
08:47
We're talking about electric mobility that is happening today.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
08:53
By 2022, electric cars and conventional cars
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2022, ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
08:58
are expected to cost the same,
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ื™ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
09:01
and cities are already trying electric buses.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
09:05
And these really cool creatures
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ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
09:08
are saving money,
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ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ,
09:11
and they reduce pollution.
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ื•ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
09:13
So if we want to get rid of oil-based transportation, we can,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
09:17
because we have options now that we didn't have before.
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ื›ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ื”.
09:20
It's really exciting.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืœื”ื™ื‘.
09:22
But of course,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
09:25
some get very uncomfortable with this idea,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
09:29
and they will come and they will tell you
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื›ื
09:32
that the world is stuck with oil, and so is Costa Rica, so get real.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืงื•ืข ืขื ื ืคื˜, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”, ืื– ืชื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื.
09:37
That's what they tell you.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืœื›ื.
09:39
And you know what the answer to that argument is?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื•?
09:41
That in 1948, we didn't say the world is stuck with armies,
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ืฉื‘-1948 ืœื ืืžืจื ื• "ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชืงื•ืข ืขื ืฆื‘ืื•ืช,
09:45
so let's keep our army, too.
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"ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžื•ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•."
09:47
No, we made a very brave choice,
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ืœื! ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืืžื™ืฆื”,
09:50
and that choice made the whole difference.
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ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.
09:53
So it's time for this generation to be brave again
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ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืฅ ืฉื•ื‘
09:58
and abolish fossil fuels for good.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
09:59
And I'll give you three reasons why we have to do this.
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ื•ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
10:03
First,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช,
10:05
our model of transportation and urbanization is broken,
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืชืงื•ืœ,
10:08
so this is the best moment to redefine our urban and mobility future.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื™ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
10:14
We don't want cities that are built for cars.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืขืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
10:17
We want cities for people
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ืื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
10:19
where we can walk and we can use bikes.
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
10:23
And we want public transportation,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
10:25
lots of it,
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ืจื‘ื”,
10:27
public transportation that is clean and dignifying.
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ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช.
10:31
Because if we continue adding fleets of conventional cars,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฆื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื,
10:36
our cities will become unbearable.
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ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืชื”ืคื›ื ื” ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœื•ืช.
10:40
Second, we have to change,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
10:41
but incremental change is not going to be sufficient.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:46
We need transformational change.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™.
10:49
And there are some incremental projects in my country,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื™,
10:52
and I am the first one to celebrate them.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื.
10:55
But let's not kid ourselves.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื ืฉืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:58
We're not talking about ending up with really beautiful electric cars here
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
11:02
and a few electric buses there
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉื,
11:04
while we keep investing in the same kind of infrastructure,
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ื›ืฉื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
11:08
more cars, more roads, more oil.
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ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ืขื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืขื•ื“ ื ืคื˜.
11:10
We're talking about breaking free from oil,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืžื ืคื˜,
11:15
and you cannot get there through incrementalism.
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ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช.
11:20
Third, and you know this one,
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ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช,
11:25
the world is hungry for inspiration.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจืขื‘ ืœื”ืฉืจืื”.
11:30
It craves stories of success
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
11:33
in dealing with complex issues,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
11:35
especially in developing countries.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
11:39
So I believe Costa Rica can be an inspiration to others,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
11:43
as we did last year when we disclosed
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื›ืฉืคื™ืจืกืžื ื•
11:46
that for so many days we were not using any fossil fuels
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ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
11:50
in order to generate all our electricity.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:55
The news went viral around the world.
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืคื›ื• ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
11:59
Also, and this makes me extremely proud,
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ื•ื’ื โ€“ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืื” ื‘ื–ื” โ€“
12:02
a Costa Rican woman, Christiana Figueres,
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ืืฉื” ืžืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”, ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืื ื” ืคื™ื’ืจืก,
12:07
played a decisive role in the negotiations of the Paris climate agreement.
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ืžื™ืœืื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื–.
12:14
So we have to protect that legacy and be an example.
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ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
12:19
So what comes next?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืœืื”?
12:22
The people.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
12:24
How do we get people to own this?
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ืื™ืš ื ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื?
12:27
How do we get people
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
12:29
to believe that it's possible
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ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
12:32
to build a society without fossil fuels?
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืœื ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื?
12:36
A lot of work from the ground up is needed.
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ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืืคืก ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื”.
12:41
That is why, in 2014, we created Costa Rica Limpia.
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ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš, ื‘-2014, ื™ื™ืกื“ื ื• ืืช "ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ืœื™ืžืคื™ื”".
12:45
"Limpia" means "clean,"
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"ืœื™ืžืคื™ื”" ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• "ื ืงื™",
12:48
because we want to empower and we want to inspire citizens.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
12:52
If citizens don't get engaged,
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ืื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื,
12:57
clean transportation decisions will be bogged down by endless,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ืชืงืขื•
13:01
and I mean endless, technical discussions,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื,
13:04
and by avalanches of lobbying by various established interests.
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
13:12
Wanting to be a green country powered by renewables
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ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ืžืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื
13:16
is already part of our story.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:19
We should not let anybody take that away from us.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
13:24
Last year, we brought people from our seven provinces
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
13:28
to talk about climate change in terms that matter to them,
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ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ื”ื,
13:32
and we also brought this year
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื ื•
13:35
another group of Costa Ricans
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ืขื•ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”
13:37
to talk about renewable energy.
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ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
13:39
And you know what?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
13:41
These people disagree on almost everything
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ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
13:43
except on renewable energy
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ืคืจื˜ ืœื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช
13:46
and clean transportation and clean air.
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ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™.
13:48
It brings people together.
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ื–ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
13:50
And the key to real participation
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ื•ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
13:53
is to help people not to feel small.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
13:55
People feel powerless,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื,
13:56
and they are tired of not being heard.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืงื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฉืžืข.
14:01
So what we do is concrete things,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
14:03
and we translate technical issues into citizen language
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช,
14:07
to show that citizens have a role to play and can play it together.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
14:12
For the first time, we're tracking the promises that were made
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ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื•
14:15
on clean transportation,
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ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”,
14:17
and politicos know that they have to deliver it,
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ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
14:19
but the tipping point will come when we form coalitions --
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื›ืฉื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช โ€“
14:23
citizens, companies,
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ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
14:25
champions of public transportation --
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ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช โ€“
14:28
that will make electric mobility the new normal,
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ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืœื ื•ืจืžื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
14:30
especially in a developing country.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
14:34
By the time the next election comes,
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ืขื“ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
14:38
I believe every candidate will have to disclose where they stand
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“
14:41
on the abolition of fossil fuels.
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ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
14:43
Because this question has to enter our mainstream politics.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ื— ื”ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
14:48
And I'm telling you, this is not a question of climate policy
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื, ื–ืืช ืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื
14:52
or environmental agenda.
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ืื• ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช.
14:54
It's about the country that we want
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ื–ืืช ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
14:58
and the cities that we have
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
15:00
and the cities that we want
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
15:01
and who makes that choice.
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ื•ืžื™ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื•.
15:04
Because at the end of the day, what we have to show
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช
15:07
is that development with renewable energy
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ืฉืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช
15:10
is good for the people,
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
15:13
for Costa Ricans that are alive today
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ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
15:15
and especially for those who haven't been born.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืืœื• ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื•ืœื“ื•.
15:21
This is our National Museum today.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
15:24
It's bright and peaceful,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื• ื•ืžืœื ืื•ืจ,
15:26
and when you stand up in front of it,
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ื•ื›ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœื•,
15:29
it's really hard to believe these were military barracks
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื ื” ืฆื‘ืื™
15:32
at the end of the '40s.
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-40.
15:34
We started a new life without an army in this place,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืฆื‘ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
15:38
and here is where our abolition
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“,
15:42
of fossil fuels will be announced one day.
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ื™ื•ื›ืจื– ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
15:45
And we will make history again.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
15:47
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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