David Puttnam: What happens when the media's priority is profit?

98,083 views ใƒป 2014-02-10

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
I'd like to start, if I may,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืื ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™,
00:14
with the story of the Paisley snail.
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ื™ื–ืœื™.
00:17
On the evening of the 26th of August, 1928,
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ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”-26 ืœืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1928,
00:20
May Donoghue took a train from Glasgow
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ืžื™ื™ ื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืขืœืชื” ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื’ืœื–ื’ื•
00:22
to the town of Paisley, seven miles east of the city,
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ืœืขื™ื™ืจื” ืคื™ื™ื–ืœื™, 10 ืง"ืž ืžืžื–ืจื— ืœืขื™ืจ,
00:25
and there at the Wellmeadow Cafรฉ,
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ื•ืฉื, ื‘ืงืคื” "ื•ื•ืœืžื“ื•ืื•",
00:27
she had a Scots ice cream float,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืชื” "ืกืงื•ื˜ืก ืื™ื™ืก ืงืจื™ื ืคืœื•ื˜",
00:30
a mix of ice cream and ginger beer
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ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจืช ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ
00:32
bought for her by a friend.
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ืฉืงื ื” ืœื” ื—ื‘ืจ.
00:34
The ginger beer came in a brown, opaque bottle
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ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื•ืื˜ื•ืžื”
00:36
labeled "D. Stevenson, Glen Lane, Paisley."
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ืฉื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช: "ื“' ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ, ื’ืœืŸ ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื™ื™ื–ืœื™".
00:40
She drank some of the ice cream float,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืชื” ืงืฆืช ืžืŸ ื”"ืื™ื™ืก ืงืจื™ื ืคืœื•ื˜",
00:42
but as the remaining ginger beer was poured
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื ืžื–ื’ื”
00:44
into her tumbler,
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ืœืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืกื”,
00:46
a decomposed snail
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ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืจืงื•ื‘
00:48
floated to the surface of her glass.
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ืฆืฃ ื•ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ.
00:51
Three days later, she was admitted
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ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื•ืฉืคื–ื”
00:52
to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื–ื’ื•
00:54
and diagnosed with severe gastroenteritis
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ื›ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื“ืœืงืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ
00:56
and shock.
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ื•ืžื”ืœื.
00:58
The case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson that followed
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื”ืชื™ืง "ื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื“ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ"
01:01
set a very important legal precedent:
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ื™ืฆืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
01:04
Stevenson, the manufacturer of the ginger beer,
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ, ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ,
01:05
was held to have a clear duty of care
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ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
01:08
towards May Donoghue,
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ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื™ ื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื•,
01:10
even though there was no contract between them,
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ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื ื—ืชื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ื–ื”,
01:12
and, indeed, she hadn't even bought the drink.
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืงื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื”.
01:14
One of the judges, Lord Atkin, described it like this:
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ืœื•ืจื“ ืื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืชื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืš:
01:17
You must take care to avoid acts or omissions
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืจืฉืœื•ืช
01:20
which you can reasonably foresee
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"ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
01:22
would be likely to injure your neighbor.
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"ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื•ืœืช."
01:26
Indeed, one wonders that without a duty of care,
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื”ื•ืช, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
01:28
how many people would have had to suffer
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ
01:30
from gastroenteritis before Stevenson eventually went out of business.
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ืžื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืจื’ืœ.
01:33
Now please hang on to that Paisley snail story,
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ื™ื–ืœื™,
01:36
because it's an important principle.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
01:39
Last year, the Hansard Society, a nonpartisan charity
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืื’ื•ื“ืช "ื”ื ืกืืจื“", ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื-ืžืคืœื’ืชื™,
01:42
which seeks to strengthen parliamentary democracy
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ืฉืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ืช
01:44
and encourage greater public involvement in politics
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ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
01:47
published, alongside their annual audit
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ืคืจืกื, ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœื•
01:49
of political engagement, an additional section
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ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื—ืœืง ื ื•ืกืฃ
01:52
devoted entirely to politics and the media.
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ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
01:55
Here are a couple of rather depressing observations
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™
01:58
from that survey.
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ืžืื•ืชื• ืกืงืจ.
02:00
Tabloid newspapers do not appear
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ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
02:02
to advance the political citizenship of their readers,
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ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงื•ืจืื™ื”ื,
02:05
relative even to those
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืืœื”
02:06
who read no newspapers whatsoever.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื.
02:10
Tabloid-only readers are twice as likely to agree
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื•
02:12
with a negative view of politics
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ืขื ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”
02:14
than readers of no newspapers.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื.
02:17
They're not just less politically engaged.
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”:
02:19
They are consuming media that reinforces
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ื”ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืžื—ื–ืงืช
02:21
their negative evaluation of politics,
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ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ืชื ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
02:23
thereby contributing to a fatalistic and cynical
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื ืœืคืื˜ืืœื™ื–ื ื•ืœืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช
02:26
attitude to democracy and their own role within it.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืชื ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ื”.
02:30
Little wonder that the report concluded that
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ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื ืฉื”ื“ื•"ื— ืžืกื›ื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•
02:32
in this respect, the press, particularly the tabloids,
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ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
02:35
appear not to be living up to the importance
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช
02:37
of their role in our democracy.
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ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
02:40
Now I doubt if anyone in this room would seriously
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืง ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืื•ืœื ื™ืคืงืคืง ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช
02:42
challenge that view.
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ื‘ื“ืขื” ื–ื•.
02:44
But if Hansard are right, and they usually are,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื "ื”ื ืกืืจื“" ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื“"ื› ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื,
02:46
then we've got a very serious problem on our hands,
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ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช,
02:48
and it's one that I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes
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ื•ืืช 10 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
02:51
focusing upon.
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”.
02:53
Since the Paisley snail,
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ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ื™ื–ืœื™,
02:55
and especially over the past decade or so,
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ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš,
02:57
a great deal of thinking has been developed
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ืคื•ืชื—ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”
02:59
around the notion of a duty of care
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
03:01
as it relates to a number of aspects of civil society.
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ื•ื™ื—ืกื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช.
03:03
Generally a duty of care arises when one individual
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ื‘ื“"ื›, ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืื“ื ืื—ื“
03:06
or a group of individuals undertakes an activity
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ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื, ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
03:09
which has the potential to cause harm to another,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœื–ื•ืœืช,
03:11
either physically, mentally or economically.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
03:14
This is principally focused on obvious areas,
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ื›ืขืงืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื,
03:17
such as our empathetic response to children and young people,
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื ื• ื”ืื•ื”ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
03:20
to our service personnel, and to the elderly and infirm.
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ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืœื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื.
03:22
It is seldom, if ever, extended to equally important arguments
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ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”
03:26
around the fragility of our present system of government,
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ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
03:31
to the notion that honesty, accuracy and impartiality
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื›ื ื•ืช, ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื”ืขื“ืจ-ืคื ื™ื•ืช
03:34
are fundamental to the process of building
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ื”ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขืชื”
03:36
and embedding an informed,
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ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช.
03:38
participatory democracy.
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03:41
And the more you think about it,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
03:42
the stranger that is.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื–ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:44
A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื’
03:46
of opening a brand new school
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ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืืช ืคืชื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™"ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื— ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
03:47
in the northeast of England.
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03:49
It had been renamed by its pupils as Academy 360.
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื• ืฉื ื—ื“ืฉ: "ืืงื“ืžื™ื” 360".
03:52
As I walked through their impressive,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืคื” ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืœื•,
03:54
glass-covered atrium,
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03:56
in front of me, emblazoned on the wall
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ,
03:57
in letters of fire
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ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ.
03:59
was Marcus Aurelius's famous injunction:
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืฆื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ืžืจืงื•ืก ืื•ืจืœื™ื•ืก:
04:02
If it's not true, don't say it;
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"ืื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืืžืช, ืืœ ืชืืžืจื• ืื•ืชื”;
04:05
if it's not right, don't do it.
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"ืื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืืœ ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช."
04:08
The head teacher saw me staring at it,
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ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”,
04:10
and he said, "Oh, that's our school motto."
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ื•ืืžืจ: "ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืฉืœื ื•."
04:13
On the train back to London,
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ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
04:15
I couldn't get it out of my mind.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
04:16
I kept thinking, can it really have taken us
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื ื•
04:19
over 2,000 years to come to terms
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ืžืขืœ 2,000 ืฉื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
04:21
with that simple notion
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04:23
as being our minimum expectation of each other?
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ืœืชื•?
04:26
Isn't it time that we develop this concept
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ื”ืื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืช ืฉื ืคืชื— ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื”,
04:29
of a duty of care
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:30
and extended it to include a care
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ื•ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืš ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื“ืื’ื”
04:33
for our shared but increasingly endangered democratic values?
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ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ื• ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ืืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช?
04:36
After all, the absence of a duty of care
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ื”ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื
04:38
within many professions
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04:39
can all too easily amount to accusations of negligence,
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ืขืœื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช,
04:42
and that being the case, can we be really comfortable with the thought
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
04:45
that we're in effect being negligent
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ืฉืื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชืจืฉืœื™ื
04:47
in respect of the health of our own societies
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื
04:50
and the values that necessarily underpin them?
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ื•ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ืŸ?
04:53
Could anyone honestly suggest, on the evidence,
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ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื–ื•,
04:56
that the same media which Hansard so roundly condemned
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ืฉืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉ"ื”ื ืกืืจื“" ื’ื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื” ื ืžืจืฅ
04:59
have taken sufficient care to avoid behaving
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ืื›ืŸ ื“ืื’ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืชื ื”ื’
05:02
in ways which they could reasonably have foreseen
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ
05:06
would be likely to undermine or even damage
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ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื• ืืฃ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง
05:08
our inherently fragile democratic settlement.
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ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจ-ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœื ื•?
05:11
Now there will be those who will argue
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
05:13
that this could all too easily drift into a form
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ืœืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื”, ื’ื ืื ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
05:15
of censorship, albeit self-censorship,
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05:17
but I don't buy that argument.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื–ื”.
05:19
It has to be possible
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™
05:21
to balance freedom of expression
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ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™
05:23
with wider moral and social responsibilities.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:26
Let me explain why by taking the example
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื”
05:28
from my own career as a filmmaker.
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ืžื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ื™ื•ืฆืจ-ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
05:31
Throughout that career, I never accepted
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื™ ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”
05:32
that a filmmaker should set about putting
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™-ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื
05:34
their own work outside or above what he or she
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืื• ืžืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื• ื”ื™ื
05:37
believed to be a decent set of values
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
05:39
for their own life, their own family,
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05:42
and the future of the society in which we all live.
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ื•ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:46
I'd go further.
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ืืจื—ื™ืง ืœื›ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
05:47
A responsible filmmaker should never devalue their work
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ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ืฆืจ-ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืคื—ืช ืืช ืขืจืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•
05:51
to a point at which it becomes less than true
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื ืืžื ื”
05:53
to the world they themselves wish to inhabit.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืื›ืœืก.
05:56
As I see it, filmmakers, journalists, even bloggers
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื–ืืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™-ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื
06:00
are all required to face up to the social expectations
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ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
06:02
that come with combining the intrinsic power of their medium
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ืฉืžืชืœื•ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:06
with their well-honed professional skills.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ื–ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœื.
06:09
Obviously this is not a mandated duty,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืคื•ื™ื”,
06:12
but for the gifted filmmaker and the responsible journalist
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ, ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื”ืื—ืจืื™
06:15
or even blogger, it strikes me as being utterly inescapable.
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ืื• ืืฃ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื ื•ืก ืžื›ืš.
06:18
We should always remember that our notion
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœื ื•
06:21
of individual freedom and its partner, creative freedom,
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืื™ืฉื™, ื•ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ,
06:24
is comparatively new
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช
06:26
in the history of Western ideas,
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื,
06:28
and for that reason, it's often undervalued
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
06:30
and can be very quickly undermined.
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06:32
It's a prize easily lost,
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจืก ืฉืงืœ ืœืื‘ื“ื•,
06:34
and once lost, once surrendered,
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ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื“, ืžืฉืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
06:36
it can prove very, very hard to reclaim.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื™ืงืฉื” ืขื“ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•.
06:40
And its first line of defense
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ื•ืงื• ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•
06:41
has to be our own standards,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
06:43
not those enforced on us by a censor or legislation,
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ื•ืœื ืืœื” ืฉื ืื›ืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื ื–ื•ืจ ืื• ื—ืงื™ืงื”:
06:47
our own standards and our own integrity.
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ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
06:49
Our integrity as we deal with those
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ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื• ืขื ืืœื”
06:51
with whom we work
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ืฉืขื™ืžื ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
06:52
and our own standards as we operate within society.
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ื•ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
06:56
And these standards of ours
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ื•ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื•
06:58
need to be all of a piece with a sustainable social agenda.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืกื“ืจ-ื™ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
07:01
They're part of a collective responsibility,
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ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช,
07:03
the responsibility of the artist or the journalist
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ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืŸ ืื• ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™
07:05
to deal with the world as it really is,
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ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช,
07:07
and this, in turn, must go hand in hand
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ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“
07:10
with the responsibility of those governing society
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ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”
07:12
to also face up to that world,
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ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื’ื ื”ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”,
07:14
and not to be tempted to misappropriate
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ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืชื•ืช ืœื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื”
07:17
the causes of its ills.
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ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื™ื•.
07:19
Yet, as has become strikingly clear
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ืืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ื”
07:22
over the last couple of years,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
07:24
such responsibility has to a very great extent
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ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืกื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“
07:26
been abrogated by large sections of the media.
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ืžื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
07:29
And as a consequence, across the Western world,
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ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
07:31
the over-simplistic policies of the parties of protest
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืื”
07:34
and their appeal to a largely disillusioned,
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ื•ื”ืงืกื ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ
07:37
older demographic,
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ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:38
along with the apathy and obsession with the trivial
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื–ื ื™ื—ื™ื
07:40
that typifies at least some of the young,
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ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
07:42
taken together, these and other similarly
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ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™-ื–ืžื ื ื• ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื,
07:44
contemporary aberrations
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07:46
are threatening to squeeze the life
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ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
07:48
out of active, informed debate and engagement,
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ืžื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื™ื,
07:52
and I stress active.
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ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ 'ืคืขื™ืœื™ื'.
07:55
The most ardent of libertarians might argue
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ
07:57
that Donoghue v. Stevenson should have been thrown out of court
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ืชื™ืง "ื“ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื“ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ" ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
08:00
and that Stevenson would eventually have gone out of business
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ื•ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืจื’ืœ
08:02
if he'd continued to sell ginger beer with snails in it.
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืจืช ื–ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืขื ื—ืœื–ื•ื ื•ืช.
08:05
But most of us, I think, accept some small role
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื•, ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™, ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
08:09
for the state to enforce a duty of care,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
08:12
and the key word here is reasonable.
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ื•ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื 'ืกื‘ื™ืจ'
08:15
Judges must ask, did they take reasonable care
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืื ื ืงื˜ื• ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื”
08:18
and could they have reasonably foreseen
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ื•ืื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื.
08:20
the consequences of their actions?
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ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
08:22
Far from signifying overbearing state power,
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08:25
it's that small common sense test of reasonableness
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ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืœ-ื™ืฉืจ,
08:28
that I'd like us to apply to those in the media
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
08:31
who, after all, set the tone and the content
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ืฉื›ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ
08:33
for much of our democratic discourse.
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:36
Democracy, in order to work, requires that
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฆืœื™ื—,
08:39
reasonable men and women take the time to understand and debate
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ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ
08:42
difficult, sometimes complex issues,
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ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
08:44
and they do so in an atmosphere which strives
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืฉื•ืืคืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข
08:47
for the type of understanding that leads to,
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ืœืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ,
08:49
if not agreement, then at least a productive
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ืื ืœื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื”, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืคืฉืจื” ืคื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืช.
08:51
and workable compromise.
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08:54
Politics is about choices,
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช,
08:56
and within those choices, politics is about priorities.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
09:00
It's about reconciling conflicting preferences
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช
09:02
wherever and whenever possibly based on fact.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
09:08
But if the facts themselves are distorted,
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ืืš ืื ืžืกืœืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ,
09:10
the resolutions are likely only to create further conflict,
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื’ืจื•ืžื ื” ืจืง ืœืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
09:14
with all the stresses and strains on society
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืจื— ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข ื™ืชืœื•ื• ืœื›ืš.
09:16
that inevitably follow.
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09:18
The media have to decide:
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ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜:
09:20
Do they see their role as being to inflame
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ื”ืื ืœื“ืขืชื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืœื”ื‘,
09:23
or to inform?
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ืื• ืœื™ื™ื“ืข?
09:25
Because in the end, it comes down to a combination
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
09:28
of trust and leadership.
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09:31
Fifty years ago this week, President John F. Kennedy
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ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื’'ื•ืŸ ืค' ืงื ื“ื™
09:33
made two epoch-making speeches,
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ื ืฉื ืฉื ื™ ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉืกื™ืžืœื• ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
09:35
the first on disarmament and the second on civil rights.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขืกืง ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ - ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—.
09:38
The first led almost immediately
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“
09:41
to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
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ืœืืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
09:42
and the second led to the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘-1964 ืœื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—,
09:45
both of which represented giant leaps forward.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืงืคื™ืฆื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
09:49
Democracy, well-led and well-informed,
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ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
09:51
can achieve very great things,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื,
09:54
but there's a precondition.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ืžืงื“ื™ื.
09:55
We have to trust that those making those decisions
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื”
09:59
are acting in the best interest not of themselves
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ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื ืœืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื”ื,
10:01
but of the whole of the people.
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ืืœื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขื ื›ื•ืœื•.
10:03
We need factually-based options,
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช-ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
10:06
clearly laid out,
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ื•ืžื ื•ืกื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
10:07
not those of a few powerful
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ื•ืœื ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžืฅ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื
10:09
and potentially manipulative corporations
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื ื•
10:11
pursuing their own frequently narrow agendas,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืกื“ืจ-ื™ื•ืžื ืฆืจ ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ืŸ, ืœืขืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช,
10:13
but accurate, unprejudiced information
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ื›ื™ ืื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื—ืกืจ-ืคื ื™ื•ืช
10:16
with which to make our own judgments.
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ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื ื•.
10:18
If we want to provide decent, fulfilling lives
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื• ืœืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ื
10:20
for our children and our children's children,
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™-ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
10:22
we need to exercise to the very greatest degree possible
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืจืง ื ื•ื›ืœ
10:25
that duty of care for a vibrant,
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ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื ืžืจืฆืช
10:27
and hopefully a lasting, democracy.
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ื•ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื ืžืืจื™ื›ืช-ื™ืžื™ื.
10:30
Thank you very much for listening to me.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื›ื.
10:32
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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