David Puttnam: What happens when the media's priority is profit?

97,885 views ใƒป 2014-02-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Tae Young Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
I'd like to start, if I may,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„
00:14
with the story of the Paisley snail.
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ํŽ˜์ด์ฆ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
On the evening of the 26th of August, 1928,
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1928๋…„ 8์›” 26์ผ ์ €๋…,
00:20
May Donoghue took a train from Glasgow
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๋ฉ”์ด ๋„๋‚˜ํœด๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ณ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
00:22
to the town of Paisley, seven miles east of the city,
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๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 7๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํŽ˜์ด์ฆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
and there at the Wellmeadow Cafรฉ,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์›ฐ๋ฉ”๋„์šฐ ์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ
00:27
she had a Scots ice cream float,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค€
00:30
a mix of ice cream and ginger beer
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์‹ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
bought for her by a friend.
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์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์— ์ง„์ € ๋น„์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–ด ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:34
The ginger beer came in a brown, opaque bottle
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์ง„์ € ๋น„์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:36
labeled "D. Stevenson, Glen Lane, Paisley."
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๋ณ‘์—๋Š” "D. ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ, ๊ธ€๋ Œ ๋ ˆ์ธ, ํŽ˜์ด์ฆ๋ฆฌ" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋”ฑ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
She drank some of the ice cream float,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
but as the remaining ginger beer was poured
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ์€ ์ง„์ € ๋น„์–ด๋ฅผ
00:44
into her tumbler,
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์œ ๋ฆฌ์ž”์— ๋งˆ์ € ๋ถ“์ž
00:46
a decomposed snail
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์ฉ์€ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:48
floated to the surface of her glass.
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์ž”์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Three days later, she was admitted
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3์ผ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
00:52
to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary
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๊ธ€๋ž˜์Šค๊ณ  ์™•๋ฆฝ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ
00:54
and diagnosed with severe gastroenteritis
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์‹ฌํ•œ ์‹์ค‘๋…๊ณผ ์‡ผํฌ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
00:56
and shock.
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์ž…์›ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
The case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson that followed
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ๋„๋‚˜ํœด ๋Œ€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ์˜ ์žฌํŒ์€
01:01
set a very important legal precedent:
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Stevenson, the manufacturer of the ginger beer,
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์ง„์ € ๋น„์–ด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์ธ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ์ด
01:05
was held to have a clear duty of care
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๋ฉ”์ด ๋„๋‚˜ํœด๋ฅผ
01:08
towards May Donoghue,
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๋Œ๋ณผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
even though there was no contract between them,
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์–‘์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:12
and, indeed, she hadn't even bought the drink.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ง„์ € ๋น„์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
01:14
One of the judges, Lord Atkin, described it like this:
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๋‹น์‹œ ํŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์• ํŠธํ‚จ ๊ณต์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:17
You must take care to avoid acts or omissions
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:20
which you can reasonably foresee
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์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋งŒ์„
01:22
would be likely to injure your neighbor.
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Indeed, one wonders that without a duty of care,
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์ด ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:28
how many people would have had to suffer
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
01:30
from gastroenteritis before Stevenson eventually went out of business.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹์ค‘๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”.
01:33
Now please hang on to that Paisley snail story,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ผ๋‹จ, ์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ฆ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
because it's an important principle.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:39
Last year, the Hansard Society, a nonpartisan charity
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์ดˆ๋‹นํŒŒ ์ž์„  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋“œ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๋Š”
01:42
which seeks to strengthen parliamentary democracy
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์˜ํšŒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ณ ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:44
and encourage greater public involvement in politics
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
published, alongside their annual audit
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์ž‘๋…„, ์ด ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ ์ถœํŒํ•˜๋Š”
01:49
of political engagement, an additional section
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์ •์น˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—๋Š”
01:52
devoted entirely to politics and the media.
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์ •์น˜์™€ ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Here are a couple of rather depressing observations
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์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
01:58
from that survey.
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์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค ๋ณด์ฃ .
02:00
Tabloid newspapers do not appear
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๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€
02:02
to advance the political citizenship of their readers,
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๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์˜์‹์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ
02:05
relative even to those
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์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
who read no newspapers whatsoever.
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ๋„์š”.
02:10
Tabloid-only readers are twice as likely to agree
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๋Œ€์ค‘์  ์‹ ๋ฌธ๋งŒ ์ฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:12
with a negative view of politics
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์ •์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ๋™์กฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
02:14
than readers of no newspapers.
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘๋ฐฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
They're not just less politically engaged.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์  ์‹ ๋ฌธ๋งŒ ์ฝ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •์น˜์— ๋œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:19
They are consuming media that reinforces
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์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
02:21
their negative evaluation of politics,
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๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
02:23
thereby contributing to a fatalistic and cynical
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:26
attitude to democracy and their own role within it.
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์—ผ์„ธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Little wonder that the report concluded that
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
02:32
in this respect, the press, particularly the tabloids,
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์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก , ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€์ค‘์  ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ด
02:35
appear not to be living up to the importance
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—
02:37
of their role in our democracy.
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๊ฑธ๋งž๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Now I doubt if anyone in this room would seriously
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—
02:42
challenge that view.
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์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
But if Hansard are right, and they usually are,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋“œ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€, ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด, ์˜ณ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:46
then we've got a very serious problem on our hands,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
and it's one that I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 10๋ถ„๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:51
focusing upon.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Since the Paisley snail,
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ํŽ˜์ด์ฆ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„,
02:55
and especially over the past decade or so,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹ญ์—ฌ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:57
a great deal of thinking has been developed
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์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
02:59
around the notion of a duty of care
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
as it relates to a number of aspects of civil society.
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์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:03
Generally a duty of care arises when one individual
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜
03:06
or a group of individuals undertakes an activity
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น 
03:09
which has the potential to cause harm to another,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
either physically, mentally or economically.
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์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์ , ํ˜น์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:14
This is principally focused on obvious areas,
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์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
such as our empathetic response to children and young people,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„,
03:20
to our service personnel, and to the elderly and infirm.
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๊ณต๋ฌด์›, ๋…ธ์•ฝ์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์—์š”.
03:22
It is seldom, if ever, extended to equally important arguments
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์ ์—์„œ
03:26
around the fragility of our present system of government,
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๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
to the notion that honesty, accuracy and impartiality
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์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ, ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆํŽธ ๋ถ€๋‹น์„ฑ์€
03:34
are fundamental to the process of building
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
03:36
and embedding an informed,
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์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ
03:38
participatory democracy.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:41
And the more you think about it,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
03:42
the stranger that is.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure
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๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „ ์ €๋Š”
03:46
of opening a brand new school
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์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ ๋ถ๋™๋ถ€์—
03:47
in the northeast of England.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ตํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
It had been renamed by its pupils as Academy 360.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ "์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ 360" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต๋ช…์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
As I walked through their impressive,
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์œ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ •์„ ์–น์€
03:54
glass-covered atrium,
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์›…์žฅํ•œ ์•„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์›€์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‹์ž๋‹ˆ
03:56
in front of me, emblazoned on the wall
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์ œ ์•ž ์ชฝ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ช…ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„
03:57
in letters of fire
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๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
was Marcus Aurelius's famous injunction:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฟ ์Šค ์•„์šฐ๋ ๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋ น์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
If it's not true, don't say it;
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"์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ;
04:05
if it's not right, don't do it.
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์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ."
04:08
The head teacher saw me staring at it,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋”๋‹ˆ
04:10
and he said, "Oh, that's our school motto."
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"์˜ค, ์ €๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ ํ•™๊ต ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:13
On the train back to London,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
04:15
I couldn't get it out of my mind.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ง€์šธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
I kept thinking, can it really have taken us
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๊ณ ์ž‘ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด
04:19
over 2,000 years to come to terms
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š”
04:21
with that simple notion
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:23
as being our minimum expectation of each other?
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2,000๋…„์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
04:26
Isn't it time that we develop this concept
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„
04:29
of a duty of care
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
04:30
and extended it to include a care
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
04:33
for our shared but increasingly endangered democratic values?
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
04:36
After all, the absence of a duty of care
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
04:38
within many professions
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์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๊ฐ€
04:39
can all too easily amount to accusations of negligence,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์‹œ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
and that being the case, can we be really comfortable with the thought
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง
ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์ง€์†์—์„œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
that we're in effect being negligent
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04:47
in respect of the health of our own societies
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
04:50
and the values that necessarily underpin them?
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‚ค์›Œ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:53
Could anyone honestly suggest, on the evidence,
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ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋“œ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:56
that the same media which Hansard so roundly condemned
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ƒ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
04:59
have taken sufficient care to avoid behaving
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:02
in ways which they could reasonably have foreseen
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์ƒ์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์„
05:06
would be likely to undermine or even damage
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„
05:08
our inherently fragile democratic settlement.
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:11
Now there will be those who will argue
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด
05:13
that this could all too easily drift into a form
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์–ธ๋ก ๊ฒ€์—ด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ,
05:15
of censorship, albeit self-censorship,
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์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ์–ธ๋ก  ๊ฒ€์—ด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
but I don't buy that argument.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
It has to be possible
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ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€
05:21
to balance freedom of expression
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ํญ๋„“์€ ๋„๋•์  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ,
05:23
with wider moral and social responsibilities.
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์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Let me explain why by taking the example
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์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋กœ ์ผํ•ด์˜จ
05:28
from my own career as a filmmaker.
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์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
05:31
Throughout that career, I never accepted
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์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„
05:32
that a filmmaker should set about putting
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์˜ํ™”์ธ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„
05:34
their own work outside or above what he or she
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
05:37
believed to be a decent set of values
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ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ,
05:39
for their own life, their own family,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:42
and the future of the society in which we all live.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
I'd go further.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ๋ฐœ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
05:47
A responsible filmmaker should never devalue their work
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์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด
05:51
to a point at which it becomes less than true
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€
05:53
to the world they themselves wish to inhabit.
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
As I see it, filmmakers, journalists, even bloggers
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž, ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
06:00
are all required to face up to the social expectations
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
that come with combining the intrinsic power of their medium
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰๋ ฅ๊ณผ
06:06
with their well-honed professional skills.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๋งˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Obviously this is not a mandated duty,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
but for the gifted filmmaker and the responsible journalist
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žฌ๋Šฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž, ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ,
06:15
or even blogger, it strikes me as being utterly inescapable.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
We should always remember that our notion
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
06:21
of individual freedom and its partner, creative freedom,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์œ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ง์ธ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ์ž์œ ๋Š”
06:24
is comparatively new
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์„œ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„
06:26
in the history of Western ideas,
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๋น„๊ต์  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๊ณ 
06:28
and for that reason, it's often undervalued
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ 
06:30
and can be very quickly undermined.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•ฝํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
It's a prize easily lost,
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์ด ์ž์œ ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๊ณ ,
06:34
and once lost, once surrendered,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์†๋ฐ•๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:36
it can prove very, very hard to reclaim.
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๋˜์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
And its first line of defense
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๊ทธ ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ฑ…์€
06:41
has to be our own standards,
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์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
not those enforced on us by a censor or legislation,
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์™ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์—ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
06:47
our own standards and our own integrity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Our integrity as we deal with those
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ์˜
06:51
with whom we work
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์ฒญ๋ ดํ•จ๊ณผ ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ,
06:52
and our own standards as we operate within society.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
And these standards of ours
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์€
06:58
need to be all of a piece with a sustainable social agenda.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
They're part of a collective responsibility,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๋™ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด์ž,
07:03
the responsibility of the artist or the journalist
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€
07:05
to deal with the world as it really is,
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
and this, in turn, must go hand in hand
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋„
07:10
with the responsibility of those governing society
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ 
07:12
to also face up to that world,
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๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ธ๋“ค์„
07:14
and not to be tempted to misappropriate
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
07:17
the causes of its ills.
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์œ ํ˜น์— ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
Yet, as has become strikingly clear
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„
07:22
over the last couple of years,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
07:24
such responsibility has to a very great extent
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ๊ณ„์—์„œ
07:26
been abrogated by large sections of the media.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
And as a consequence, across the Western world,
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„œ๊ตฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:31
the over-simplistic policies of the parties of protest
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด
07:34
and their appeal to a largely disillusioned,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ •์น˜์— ํ™˜๋ฉธ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”
07:37
older demographic,
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๋‚˜์ด ๋“  ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€
07:38
along with the apathy and obsession with the trivial
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๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ
07:40
that typifies at least some of the young,
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์ƒ์ง•๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:42
taken together, these and other similarly
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์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ
07:44
contemporary aberrations
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ด์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
07:46
are threatening to squeeze the life
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๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ •๋ณด์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ
07:48
out of active, informed debate and engagement,
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์”จ์•—์„ ๋ง๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
and I stress active.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋Šฅ๋™์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
The most ardent of libertarians might argue
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ํ˜น ์ •๋ง ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ์ž์œ ์˜์ง€์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
07:57
that Donoghue v. Stevenson should have been thrown out of court
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๋„๋‚˜์œ  ๋Œ€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ ํŒ๋ก€๋Š” ์žฌํŒํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
and that Stevenson would eventually have gone out of business
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“  ์ง„์ € ๋น„์–ด๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:02
if he'd continued to sell ginger beer with snails in it.
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์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
08:05
But most of us, I think, accept some small role
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ
08:09
for the state to enforce a duty of care,
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์–ด๋Š์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
and the key word here is reasonable.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Judges must ask, did they take reasonable care
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์žฌํŒ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋Š”๊ฐ€,
08:18
and could they have reasonably foreseen
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:20
the consequences of their actions?
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ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Far from signifying overbearing state power,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์••์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ,
08:25
it's that small common sense test of reasonableness
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ, ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ, ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์ด๊ณ 
08:28
that I'd like us to apply to those in the media
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ—˜์ด
08:31
who, after all, set the tone and the content
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์† ๋‹ดํ™”์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์–ด์กฐ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
08:33
for much of our democratic discourse.
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Democracy, in order to work, requires that
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฝƒํ”ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:39
reasonable men and women take the time to understand and debate
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์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๋ณต์žกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:42
difficult, sometimes complex issues,
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ† ์˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and they do so in an atmosphere which strives
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:47
for the type of understanding that leads to,
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ํ•ฉ์˜๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
08:49
if not agreement, then at least a productive
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
08:51
and workable compromise.
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ํƒ€ํ˜‘์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Politics is about choices,
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
08:56
and within those choices, politics is about priorities.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
It's about reconciling conflicting preferences
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๋“ค์„ ์กฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
wherever and whenever possibly based on fact.
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
09:08
But if the facts themselves are distorted,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋’คํ‹€๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:10
the resolutions are likely only to create further conflict,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ํ›—๋‚  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ณ 
09:14
with all the stresses and strains on society
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—
09:16
that inevitably follow.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
The media have to decide:
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์–ธ๋ก ์€ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
09:20
Do they see their role as being to inflame
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ํฅ๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:23
or to inform?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:25
Because in the end, it comes down to a combination
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋์—๋Š”
09:28
of trust and leadership.
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์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋งŒ์ด ๋‚จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Fifty years ago this week, President John F. Kennedy
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50๋…„์ „ ์ด ์ฃผ์—, ์กด F. ์ผ€๋„ค๋”” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
09:33
made two epoch-making speeches,
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์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
the first on disarmament and the second on civil rights.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋น„ ์ถ•์†Œ, ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:38
The first led almost immediately
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ์„ค์€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:41
to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
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ํ•ต์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์กฐ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
09:42
and the second led to the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 1964๋…„ ๊ณต๋ฏผ๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
both of which represented giant leaps forward.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง„์ผ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Democracy, well-led and well-informed,
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Œ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
09:51
can achieve very great things,
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์‹ค๋กœ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
but there's a precondition.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:55
We have to trust that those making those decisions
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์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:59
are acting in the best interest not of themselves
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
10:01
but of the whole of the people.
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๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
We need factually-based options,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋“ค์ด
10:06
clearly laid out,
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๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ, ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
not those of a few powerful
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ํž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋‚˜
10:09
and potentially manipulative corporations
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๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
10:11
pursuing their own frequently narrow agendas,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์œค์— ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
10:13
but accurate, unprejudiced information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์—†๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ์„œ
10:16
with which to make our own judgments.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
If we want to provide decent, fulfilling lives
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„๋“ค ๋”ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์ฃผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:20
for our children and our children's children,
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์˜จ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:22
we need to exercise to the very greatest degree possible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๋ ฅ ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ 
10:25
that duty of care for a vibrant,
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์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:27
and hopefully a lasting, democracy.
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์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
Thank you very much for listening to me.
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์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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