How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetime | Nadine Burke Harris | TED

6,798,284 views ใƒป 2015-02-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yifat Adler ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
In the mid-'90s,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90
00:14
the CDC and Kaiser Permanente
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ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขืชืŸ (CDC), ื•ื”ืงื™ื™ื–ืจ ืคืจืžื ื ื˜ื”
00:16
discovered an exposure that dramatically increased the risk
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ื’ื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืืœื™ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ
00:20
for seven out of 10 of the leading causes of death in the United States.
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ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:26
In high doses, it affects brain development,
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ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—,
00:30
the immune system, hormonal systems,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช,
00:34
and even the way our DNA is read and transcribed.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืขืชื•ืง ืฉืœื•.
00:38
Folks who are exposed in very high doses
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
00:42
have triple the lifetime risk of heart disease and lung cancer
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
00:46
and a 20-year difference in life expectancy.
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ื•ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘-20 ืฉื ื™ื.
00:51
And yet, doctors today are not trained in routine screening or treatment.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”.
00:58
Now, the exposure I'm talking about is not a pesticide or a packaging chemical.
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ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ืื• ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืืจื™ื–ื”.
01:03
It's childhood trauma.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช.
01:06
Okay. What kind of trauma am I talking about here?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช?
01:09
I'm not talking about failing a test or losing a basketball game.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ.
01:13
I am talking about threats that are so severe or pervasive
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื,
01:18
that they literally get under our skin and change our physiology:
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ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:23
things like abuse or neglect,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืื• ื”ื–ื ื—ื”,
01:25
or growing up with a parent who struggles with mental illness
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ืื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ
01:29
or substance dependence.
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ืื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ืจ.
01:31
Now, for a long time,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
01:33
I viewed these things in the way I was trained to view them,
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ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™,
01:36
either as a social problem -- refer to social services --
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ื›ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืชื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”,
01:40
or as a mental health problem -- refer to mental health services.
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ืื• ื›ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืชื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ.
01:46
And then something happened to make me rethink my entire approach.
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ื•ืื– ืงืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”.
01:51
When I finished my residency,
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ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
01:53
I wanted to go someplace where I felt really needed,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื ื—ื•ืฆื”,
01:57
someplace where I could make a difference.
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
02:00
So I came to work for California Pacific Medical Center,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืคืกื™ืคื™ืง ืžื“ื™ืงืœ ืกื ื˜ืจ,
02:03
one of the best private hospitals in Northern California,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
02:07
and together, we opened a clinic in Bayview-Hunters Point,
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ื•ืคืชื—ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžืจืคืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื• ื”ืื ื˜ืจืก ืคื•ื™ื ื˜,
02:12
one of the poorest, most underserved neighborhoods in San Francisco.
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•.
02:16
Now, prior to that point,
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ืขื“ ืื–
02:18
there had been only one pediatrician in all of Bayview
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ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืจื•ืคื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื•,
02:20
to serve more than 10,000 children,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:24
so we hung a shingle, and we were able to provide top-quality care
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ืชืœื™ื ื• ืฉืœื˜ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
02:29
regardless of ability to pay.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.
02:31
It was so cool. We targeted the typical health disparities:
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘. ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช:
02:35
access to care, immunization rates, asthma hospitalization rates,
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ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ืกื ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืืฉืคื•ื– ืขืงื‘ ืืกืชืžื”,
02:40
and we hit all of our numbers.
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ื•ืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:42
We felt very proud of ourselves.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
02:45
But then I started noticing a disturbing trend.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื”.
02:48
A lot of kids were being referred to me for ADHD,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืืœื™ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ADHD,
02:52
or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,
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ื”ืคืจืขืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืขื ื”ื™ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
02:55
but when I actually did a thorough history and physical,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืขืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช,
03:00
what I found was that for most of my patients,
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื™
03:03
I couldn't make a diagnosis of ADHD.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž-ADHD.
03:07
Most of the kids I was seeing had experienced such severe trauma
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื• ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช,
03:12
that it felt like something else was going on.
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ืฉื—ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ.
03:16
Somehow I was missing something important.
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื—ืžืฆืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
03:21
Now, before I did my residency, I did a master's degree in public health,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
03:25
and one of the things that they teach you in public health school
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
03:28
is that if you're a doctor
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ืฉืื ืืช ืจื•ืคืื”
03:30
and you see 100 kids that all drink from the same well,
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ื•ืืช ืจื•ืื” ืžืื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืืจ,
03:34
and 98 of them develop diarrhea,
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ื•-98 ืžื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœืฉื•ืœ,
03:37
you can go ahead and write that prescription
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ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืžืจืฉืžื™ื
03:39
for dose after dose after dose of antibiotics,
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ืœืžื ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
03:44
or you can walk over and say, "What the hell is in this well?"
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ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื•ื ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ: "ืžื”, ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ื”ื–ืืช?"
03:49
So I began reading everything that I could get my hands on
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื
03:53
about how exposure to adversity
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช
03:56
affects the developing brains and bodies of children.
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ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
03:59
And then one day, my colleague walked into my office,
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ื•ืื–, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืœื™
04:03
and he said, "Dr. Burke, have you seen this?"
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ื“"ืจ ื‘ื•ืจืง, ืจืื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”?"
04:08
In his hand was a copy of a research study
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื– ื‘ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืฉืžื•
04:12
called the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช.
04:16
That day changed my clinical practice and ultimately my career.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
04:24
The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
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ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช
04:26
is something that everybody needs to know about.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ื•.
04:29
It was done by Dr. Vince Felitti at Kaiser and Dr. Bob Anda at the CDC,
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ืขืจื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ื“"ืจ ื•ื™ื ืกื ื˜ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืงื™ื™ื–ืจ ื•ื“"ืจ ื‘ื•ื‘ ืื ื“ื” ืžื”-CDC,
04:35
and together, they asked 17,500 adults about their history of exposure
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ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืฉืืœื• 17,500 ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื
04:43
to what they called "adverse childhood experiences," or ACEs.
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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื™ื ื• "ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช" ืื• ACE-ื™ื.
04:48
Those include physical, emotional, or sexual abuse;
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ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืื• ืžื™ื ื™ืช;
04:52
physical or emotional neglect;
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ื”ื–ื ื—ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืื• ืจื’ืฉื™ืช;
ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ, ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžืืกืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื;
04:56
parental mental illness, substance dependence, incarceration;
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04:59
parental separation or divorce;
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ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ;
05:02
or domestic violence.
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ืื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
05:05
For every yes, you would get a point on your ACE score.
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ื›ืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื›ืŸ" ืžืงื‘ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”-ACE.
05:09
And then what they did
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
05:11
was they correlated these ACE scores against health outcomes.
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”-ACE ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืง.
05:16
What they found was striking.
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ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
05:19
Two things:
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ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
05:20
Number one, ACEs are incredibly common.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช (ACE-ื™ื) ื”ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
05:25
Sixty-seven percent of the population had at least one ACE,
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ืœ-67 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ACE ืื—ื“,
05:32
and 12.6 percent, one in eight, had four or more ACEs.
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ื•ืœ-12.6 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ACE-ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:38
The second thing that they found
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื”ื•ื
05:40
was that there was a dose-response relationship
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืžื ื”-ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
05:44
between ACEs and health outcomes:
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ACE-ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™:
05:49
the higher your ACE score, the worse your health outcomes.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจืš ื”-ACE ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:52
For a person with an ACE score of four or more,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืขืจืš ACE ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื•ืžืขืœื”,
05:56
their relative risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช
05:59
was two and a half times that of someone with an ACE score of zero.
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ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืขืจืš ACE ืฉืœ ืืคืก.
06:05
For hepatitis, it was also two and a half times.
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ื”ืคื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก - ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™.
06:08
For depression, it was four and a half times.
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ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ - ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™.
06:11
For suicidality, it was 12 times.
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ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ื•ืช - ืคื™ 12.
06:15
A person with an ACE score of seven or more
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืขืจืš ACE ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืข ื•ืžืขืœื”
06:18
had triple the lifetime risk of lung cancer
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ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
06:22
and three and a half times the risk of ischemic heart disease,
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ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 3.5 ืœืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘ ืื™ืกื›ืžื™ืช,
06:26
the number one killer in the United States of America.
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ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ 1 ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
06:31
Well, of course this makes sense.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
06:33
Some people looked at this data and they said, "Come on.
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืืžืจื•, "ื ื•, ื‘ื˜ื—,
06:38
You have a rough childhood, you're more likely to drink and smoke
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ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืงืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉืŸ
06:43
and do all these things that are going to ruin your health.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืจืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
06:46
This isn't science. This is just bad behavior."
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข. ื–ืืช ื‘ืกื”"ื› ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื’ืจื•ืขื”."
06:50
It turns out this is exactly where the science comes in.
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื“ืข ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
06:55
We now understand better than we ever have before
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืื™ ืคืขื
07:00
how exposure to early adversity
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ืื™ืš ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
07:03
affects the developing brains and bodies of children.
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื ื”ืžืชืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
07:06
It affects areas like the nucleus accumbens,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืืงื•ืžื‘ื ืก,
07:09
the pleasure and reward center of the brain
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ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ื ื’ ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
07:12
that is implicated in substance dependence.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
07:14
It inhibits the prefrontal cortex,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ืืช ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ื-ืžืฆื—ื™ืช,
07:17
which is necessary for impulse control and executive function,
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ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื“ื—ืคื™ื ื•ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื,
07:21
a critical area for learning.
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ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืœืžื™ื“ื”.
07:23
And on MRI scans,
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ื‘ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช MRI
07:25
we see measurable differences in the amygdala,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ื’ื“ืœื”,
07:29
the brain's fear response center.
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ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื“ ื‘ืžื•ื—.
07:32
So there are real neurologic reasons
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ื™ืฉ, ืื ื›ืš, ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช
07:35
why folks exposed to high doses of adversity
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช
07:39
are more likely to engage in high-risk behavior,
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชื— ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
07:42
and that's important to know.
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช.
07:44
But it turns out that even if you don't engage in any high-risk behavior,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืคืชื— ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
07:50
you're still more likely to develop heart disease or cancer.
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ื ืžืฆื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘ ืื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ.
07:56
The reason for this has to do with the hypothalamicโ€“pituitaryโ€“adrenal axis,
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก-ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื—-ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื”,
08:02
the brain's and body's stress response system
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื“ื—ืง
08:05
that governs our fight-or-flight response.
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื™ืœื—ื ืื• ื‘ืจื— ืฉืœื ื•.
08:09
How does it work?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?
08:11
Well, imagine you're walking in the forest and you see a bear.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ื•ื‘.
08:15
Immediately, your hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืชืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
08:19
which sends a signal to your adrenal gland that says,
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืฉืื•ืžืจืช,
08:21
"Release stress hormones! Adrenaline! Cortisol!"
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"ืฉื—ืจืจื• ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื“ื—ืง! ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ! ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ!"
08:25
And so your heart starts to pound,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืขื•ื,
08:28
Your pupils dilate, your airways open up,
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ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื ืคืชื—ื•ืช,
08:30
and you are ready to either fight that bear or run from the bear.
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ื•ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื“ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืžื ื•.
08:36
And that is wonderful
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืคืœื
08:38
if you're in a forest and there's a bear.
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ืื ืืชื ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ื‘.
08:42
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:44
But the problem is what happens when the bear comes home every night,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื“ื•ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”,
08:50
and this system is activated over and over and over again,
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
08:55
and it goes from being adaptive, or life-saving,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกืชื’ืœืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื
09:00
to maladaptive, or health-damaging.
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื-ืกืชื’ืœื ื™ืช ื•ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
09:04
Children are especially sensitive to this repeated stress activation,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช,
09:10
because their brains and bodies are just developing.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื.
09:14
High doses of adversity not only affect brain structure and function,
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื•,
09:20
they affect the developing immune system,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช,
09:23
developing hormonal systems,
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช,
09:26
and even the way our DNA is read and transcribed.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืฉืขืชื•ืง ืฉืœื•.
09:32
So for me, this information threw my old training out the window,
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ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืฉืœื›ืชื™ ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื™,
09:36
because when we understand the mechanism of a disease,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื”,
09:40
when we know not only which pathways are disrupted, but how,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืืœื• ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื™ื,
09:45
then as doctors, it is our job to use this science
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ืื– ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
09:50
for prevention and treatment.
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ืœืžื ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
09:52
That's what we do.
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ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:54
So in San Francisco, we created the Center for Youth Wellness
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ืคืชื—ื ื• ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ
09:58
to prevent, screen and heal the impacts of ACEs and toxic stress.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”-ACE-ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ืจืขืœื ื™, ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจื ื•ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื.
10:04
We started simply with routine screening of every one of our kids
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื ื•
10:08
at their regular physical,
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ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช,
10:10
because I know that if my patient has an ACE score of 4,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœืช ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ACE ืฉืœ 4,
10:15
she's two and a half times as likely to develop hepatitis or COPD,
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ืื– ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœื” ืœืคืชื— ื”ืคื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืื• ืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื” ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™,
10:19
she's four and half times as likely to become depressed,
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™,
10:22
and she's 12 times as likely to attempt to take her own life
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื‘ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ 12
10:26
as my patient with zero ACEs.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืขืจืš ACE ืืคืก.
10:28
I know that when she's in my exam room.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
10:32
For our patients who do screen positive,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช
10:35
we have a multidisciplinary treatment team that works to reduce the dose of adversity
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืจื‘-ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช
10:40
and treat symptoms using best practices, including home visits, care coordination,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช, ืชื™ืื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™,
10:46
mental health care, nutrition,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื–ื•ื ื”,
10:50
holistic interventions, and yes, medication when necessary.
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ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš.
10:54
But we also educate parents about the impacts of ACEs and toxic stress
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ACE-ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื“ื—ืง ืจืขืœื ื™,
10:59
the same way you would for covering electrical outlets, or lead poisoning,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืงืขื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขืœืช ืขื•ืคืจืช.
11:04
and we tailor the care of our asthmatics and our diabetics
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืกื˜ืžื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืœื ื•,
11:08
in a way that recognizes that they may need more aggressive treatment,
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™,
11:13
given the changes to their hormonal and immune systems.
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ืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:17
So the other thing that happens when you understand this science
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื,
11:21
is that you want to shout it from the rooftops,
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœ ื’ื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ,
11:24
because this isn't just an issue for kids in Bayview.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื•.
11:29
I figured the minute that everybody else heard about this,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš,
11:32
it would be routine screening, multi-disciplinary treatment teams,
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ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื• ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื™ื ืจื‘-ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
11:36
and it would be a race to the most effective clinical treatment protocols.
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ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:41
Yeah. That did not happen.
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ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืงืจื”...
11:45
And that was a huge learning for me.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
11:48
What I had thought of as simply best clinical practice
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ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
11:52
I now understand to be a movement.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืชื ื•ืขื”.
11:57
In the words of Dr. Robert Block,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืง,
11:59
the former President of the American Academy of Pediatrics,
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืจืคื•ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
12:03
"Adverse childhood experiences
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"ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช
12:06
are the single greatest unaddressed public health threat
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืœื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
12:11
facing our nation today."
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ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื™ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื."
12:13
And for a lot of people, that's a terrifying prospect.
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ.
12:18
The scope and scale of the problem seems so large that it feels overwhelming
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ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
12:23
to think about how we might approach it.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื”.
12:26
But for me, that's actually where the hopes lies,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
12:30
because when we have the right framework,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
12:33
when we recognize this to be a public health crisis,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
12:38
then we can begin to use the right tool kit to come up with solutions.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:43
From tobacco to lead poisoning to HIV/AIDS,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืง, ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ืคืจืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก,
12:47
the United States actually has quite a strong track record
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ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืจืงื•ืจื“ ื—ื–ืง
12:52
with addressing public health problems,
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ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
12:55
but replicating those successes with ACEs and toxic stress
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขื ACE-ื™ื ื•ืขื ื“ื—ืง ืจืขืœื ื™,
13:00
is going to take determination and commitment,
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ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
13:05
and when I look at what our nation's response has been so far,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื“ ืขืชื”,
13:09
I wonder,
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื”,
13:11
why haven't we taken this more seriously?
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ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื ื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช?
13:15
You know, at first I thought that we marginalized the issue
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืขื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
13:18
because it doesn't apply to us.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื•.
13:20
That's an issue for those kids in those neighborhoods.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืŸ.
13:24
Which is weird, because the data doesn't bear that out.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
13:28
The original ACEs study was done in a population
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ืžื—ืงืจ ื”-ACE-ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”
13:32
that was 70 percent Caucasian,
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ืฉ-70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืœื‘ื ื”,
13:35
70 percent college-educated.
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ื•-70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืงื•ืœื’'.
13:38
But then, the more I talked to folks,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื,
13:41
I'm beginning to think that maybe I had it completely backwards.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
13:47
If I were to ask how many people in this room
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
13:53
grew up with a family member who suffered from mental illness,
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ื’ื“ืœื• ืขื ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ,
13:57
I bet a few hands would go up.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืžื” ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจืžื•ืช.
14:00
And then if I were to ask how many folks had a parent who maybe drank too much,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ืœื• ืขื ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืฉืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™,
14:05
or who really believed that if you spare the rod, you spoil the child,
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ืื• ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืฉ"ื—ื•ืกืš ืฉื‘ื˜ื• ืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื ื•",
14:11
I bet a few more hands would go up.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจืžื•ืช.
14:14
Even in this room, this is an issue that touches many of us,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
14:19
and I am beginning to believe that we marginalize the issue
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืขื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:22
because it does apply to us.
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ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื•.
14:25
Maybe it's easier to see in other zip codes
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ืื•ืœื™ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื,
14:28
because we don't want to look at it.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
14:31
We'd rather be sick.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
14:34
Fortunately, scientific advances and, frankly, economic realities
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืข, ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
14:40
make that option less viable every day.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช.
14:45
The science is clear:
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ื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ืจื•ืจ:
14:47
Early adversity dramatically affects health across a lifetime.
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:53
Today, we are beginning to understand how to interrupt the progression
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœืงื˜ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
14:58
from early adversity to disease and early death,
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื.
15:02
and 30 years from now,
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ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื
15:05
the child who has a high ACE score
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ื™ืœื“ ืขื ืขืจืš ACE ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
15:07
and whose behavioral symptoms go unrecognized,
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ืฉื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœื ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื,
15:11
whose asthma management is not connected,
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ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืกืชืžื” ืฉืœื• ืœื ืžื•ืชืื,
15:13
and who goes on to develop high blood pressure
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ื•ืฉืžืคืชื— ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”
15:16
and early heart disease or cancer
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ื•ืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืื• ืกืจื˜ืŸ,
15:19
will be just as anomalous as a six-month mortality from HIV/AIDS.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืžื•ื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ื“ืก ืชื•ืš ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
15:24
People will look at that situation and say, "What the heck happened there?"
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจื•, "ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ ืงืจื” ื›ืืŸ?"
15:30
This is treatable.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”,
15:32
This is beatable.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืื•ืชื”.
15:35
The single most important thing that we need today
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื
15:39
is the courage to look this problem in the face
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ,
15:43
and say, this is real and this is all of us.
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"ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”."
15:48
I believe that we are the movement.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
15:52
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
15:54
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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