How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetime | Nadine Burke Harris | TED

6,449,998 views ใƒป 2015-02-17

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Alicia Chong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
In the mid-'90s,
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90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—, ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ณธ๋ถ€์™€ ์นด์ด์ ธ ํผ๋จธ๋„Œํ…Œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:14
the CDC and Kaiser Permanente
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00:16
discovered an exposure that dramatically increased the risk
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 10๋ช… ์ค‘ 7๋ช…์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ง ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์จ
00:20
for seven out of 10 of the leading causes of death in the United States.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‚จ ๋…ธ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
In high doses, it affects brain development,
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๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„, ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
00:30
the immune system, hormonal systems,
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00:34
and even the way our DNA is read and transcribed.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ DNA์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ฝํ˜€์ง€๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:38
Folks who are exposed in very high doses
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์ธ์ƒ์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด 3 ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
have triple the lifetime risk of heart disease and lung cancer
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘, ํ์•”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 20๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
and a 20-year difference in life expectancy.
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00:51
And yet, doctors today are not trained in routine screening or treatment.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Now, the exposure I'm talking about is not a pesticide or a packaging chemical.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ถœ์€ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
It's childhood trauma.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋™๊ธฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์™ธ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Okay. What kind of trauma am I talking about here?
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๋„ค, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:09
I'm not talking about failing a test or losing a basketball game.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชป๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†๊ตฌ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
I am talking about threats that are so severe or pervasive
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋“ค์ด์–ด์„œ
01:18
that they literally get under our skin and change our physiology:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
things like abuse or neglect,
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ํ•™๋Œ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
01:25
or growing up with a parent who struggles with mental illness
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๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:29
or substance dependence.
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01:31
Now, for a long time,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์™”์–ด์š”.
01:33
I viewed these things in the way I was trained to view them,
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01:36
either as a social problem -- refer to social services --
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์จ, ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์จ,
01:40
or as a mental health problem -- refer to mental health services.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ž๋ฉด ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:46
And then something happened to make me rethink my entire approach.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ €์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
01:51
When I finished my residency,
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์ €์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜์‹œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
01:53
I wanted to go someplace where I felt really needed,
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:57
someplace where I could make a difference.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
So I came to work for California Pacific Medical Center,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํผ์‹œํ”ฝ ๋ฉ”๋””์ปฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์ฃ ,
02:03
one of the best private hospitals in Northern California,
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ ๋ณ‘์›์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
and together, we opened a clinic in Bayview-Hunters Point,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ทฐ ํ—Œํ„ฐ์Šค ํฌ์ธํ„ฐ์— ์ง„๋ฃŒ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:12
one of the poorest, most underserved neighborhoods in San Francisco.
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์›์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์š”.
02:16
Now, prior to that point,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
02:18
there had been only one pediatrician in all of Bayview
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๋ฒ ์ด๋ทฐ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ฟ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:20
to serve more than 10,000 children,
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๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:24
so we hung a shingle, and we were able to provide top-quality care
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ„ํŒ์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ ,
์ง€๋ถˆ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
regardless of ability to pay.
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02:31
It was so cool. We targeted the typical health disparities:
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ํƒ€์ผ“์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:35
access to care, immunization rates, asthma hospitalization rates,
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์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ, ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋น„์œจ, ์ฒœ์‹ ์ž…์› ๋น„์œจ
02:40
and we hit all of our numbers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
We felt very proud of ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
But then I started noticing a disturbing trend.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
A lot of kids were being referred to me for ADHD,
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๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ• ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ํ–‰๋™ ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ์ฃ ,
02:52
or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,
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02:55
but when I actually did a thorough history and physical,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
03:00
what I found was that for most of my patients,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
03:03
I couldn't make a diagnosis of ADHD.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ• ์žฅ์• ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Most of the kids I was seeing had experienced such severe trauma
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
03:12
that it felt like something else was going on.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Somehow I was missing something important.
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์™ ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:21
Now, before I did my residency, I did a master's degree in public health,
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์˜์‚ฌ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜์‹œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์ „ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์œ„์ƒ์— ์„์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
03:25
and one of the things that they teach you in public health school
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๊ทธ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฉด,
03:28
is that if you're a doctor
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03:30
and you see 100 kids that all drink from the same well,
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100๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
03:34
and 98 of them develop diarrhea,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ 98๋ช…์ด ์„ค์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:37
you can go ahead and write that prescription
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
for dose after dose after dose of antibiotics,
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03:44
or you can walk over and say, "What the hell is in this well?"
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๋˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ , "์ด ์šฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋„๋ฐ์ฒด ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€?"
03:49
So I began reading everything that I could get my hands on
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์†์— ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
about how exposure to adversity
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์š”.
03:56
affects the developing brains and bodies of children.
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03:59
And then one day, my colleague walked into my office,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์–ด๋Š๋‚ , ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
04:03
and he said, "Dr. Burke, have you seen this?"
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"๋ฒ„ํฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ณด์…จ์–ด์š”?"
04:08
In his hand was a copy of a research study
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๊ทธ์˜ ์†์—๋Š”, "๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์ด ๋“ค๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
called the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.
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04:16
That day changed my clinical practice and ultimately my career.
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์ œ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹ค์Šต๊ณผ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ ์ง์—…๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์ฃ .
04:24
The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
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์–ด๋ฆด์  ์ •์„œ์  ์ƒ์ฒ˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
is something that everybody needs to know about.
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04:29
It was done by Dr. Vince Felitti at Kaiser and Dr. Bob Anda at the CDC,
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์นด์ด์ ธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นˆ์Šค ํŽ ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ๊ณผ CDC์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฅ ์•ˆ๋‹ค ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด
04:35
and together, they asked 17,500 adults about their history of exposure
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ํ•จ๊ป˜, 17,500์— ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
"๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜" ๋˜๋Š” ACE์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ์ด๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
to what they called "adverse childhood experiences," or ACEs.
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04:48
Those include physical, emotional, or sexual abuse;
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์œก์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์ , ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํ•™๋Œ€, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฐฉ์น˜, ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜์กด,
04:52
physical or emotional neglect;
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04:56
parental mental illness, substance dependence, incarceration;
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์˜ ๋ณ„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ˜ผ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ€์ • ํญ๋ ฅ.
04:59
parental separation or divorce;
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05:02
or domestic violence.
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05:05
For every yes, you would get a point on your ACE score.
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"์˜ˆ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค 1์ ์”ฉ ACE ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And then what they did
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:11
was they correlated these ACE scores against health outcomes.
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05:16
What they found was striking.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Two things:
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05:20
Number one, ACEs are incredibly common.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ACE๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Sixty-seven percent of the population had at least one ACE,
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 67 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ACE๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
05:32
and 12.6 percent, one in eight, had four or more ACEs.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  12.6 ํผ์„ผํŠธ, 1/8์€, 4๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ACE๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
The second thing that they found
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ACE ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:40
was that there was a dose-response relationship
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05:44
between ACEs and health outcomes:
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ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๋” ๋‚˜๋นด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
the higher your ACE score, the worse your health outcomes.
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05:52
For a person with an ACE score of four or more,
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ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 4๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€,
05:56
their relative risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€
05:59
was two and a half times that of someone with an ACE score of zero.
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ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค 2.5๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
For hepatitis, it was also two and a half times.
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๊ฐ„์—ผ ๋˜ํ•œ 2.5๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ 4.5๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
For depression, it was four and a half times.
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06:11
For suicidality, it was 12 times.
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์ž์‚ด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ 12๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
A person with an ACE score of seven or more
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ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 7๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ์•”์— ๊ฑฐ๋ฆด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 3๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ ,
06:18
had triple the lifetime risk of lung cancer
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06:22
and three and a half times the risk of ischemic heart disease,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์›์ธ์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์ด 3.5๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜์ฃ .
06:26
the number one killer in the United States of America.
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06:31
Well, of course this makes sense.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Some people looked at this data and they said, "Come on.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์ด๋ด.
06:38
You have a rough childhood, you're more likely to drink and smoke
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ํž˜๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด, ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๊ณ 
06:43
and do all these things that are going to ruin your health.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ—ค์น  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€์ง€.
06:46
This isn't science. This is just bad behavior."
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ๊ทธ์ ธ ๋‚˜์œ ํ–‰๋™์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ตฌ."
06:50
It turns out this is exactly where the science comes in.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
We now understand better than we ever have before
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ ,
์ด๋ฅธ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์š”.
07:00
how exposure to early adversity
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07:03
affects the developing brains and bodies of children.
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07:06
It affects areas like the nucleus accumbens,
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์ค‘๊ฒฉํ•ต๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:09
the pleasure and reward center of the brain
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ๋ณด์ƒ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์˜์กด์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
07:12
that is implicated in substance dependence.
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07:14
It inhibits the prefrontal cortex,
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์ „์•ก๊ณจ ํ”ผ์งˆ์„ ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:17
which is necessary for impulse control and executive function,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ถฉ๋™์–ต์ œ์™€ ์ง‘ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ง€์—ญ์ด์ฃ .
07:21
a critical area for learning.
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07:23
And on MRI scans,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  MRI ์Šค์บ”์—๋Š”, ํŽธ๋„์ฒด์— ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋“ค ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:25
we see measurable differences in the amygdala,
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07:29
the brain's fear response center.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ณตํฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
So there are real neurologic reasons
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ,
07:35
why folks exposed to high doses of adversity
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ ๋์„๋•Œ,
07:39
are more likely to engage in high-risk behavior,
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์— ์—ฐ๊ด€๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:42
and that's important to know.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘ํšจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
But it turns out that even if you don't engage in any high-risk behavior,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํŒ๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„,
07:50
you're still more likely to develop heart disease or cancer.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
The reason for this has to do with the hypothalamicโ€“pituitaryโ€“adrenal axis,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€ ๋‡Œํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒด ๋ถ€์‹  ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์ฃ .
08:02
the brain's and body's stress response system
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08:05
that governs our fight-or-flight response.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ ํ˜น์€ ๋„ํ”ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
How does it work?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
08:11
Well, imagine you're walking in the forest and you see a bear.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฐ์†์„ ๊ฑท๋‹ค ๊ณฐ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:15
Immediately, your hypothalamus sends a signal to your pituitary,
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๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ, ์‹œ์ƒํ•˜๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
08:19
which sends a signal to your adrenal gland that says,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:21
"Release stress hormones! Adrenaline! Cortisol!"
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"์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•ด๋ผ! ์•„๋“œ๋ ˆ๋‚ ๋ฆฐ! ์ฝ”ํ‹ฐ์†”!"
08:25
And so your heart starts to pound,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ์ด ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
08:28
Your pupils dilate, your airways open up,
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08:30
and you are ready to either fight that bear or run from the bear.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๊ณฐ์„ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณฐํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ๋„๋ง์น  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And that is wonderful
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ , ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆฒ์†์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ณฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
08:38
if you're in a forest and there's a bear.
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08:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:44
But the problem is what happens when the bear comes home every night,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณฐ์ด ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘๋™ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
and this system is activated over and over and over again,
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08:55
and it goes from being adaptive, or life-saving,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ตฌํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ,
09:00
to maladaptive, or health-damaging.
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๋ถ€์ ์‘์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Children are especially sensitive to this repeated stress activation,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ž‘๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
because their brains and bodies are just developing.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:14
High doses of adversity not only affect brain structure and function,
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๋†’์€ ์–‘์˜ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์€ ๋‡Œ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
09:20
they affect the developing immune system,
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ,
09:23
developing hormonal systems,
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ,
09:26
and even the way our DNA is read and transcribed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ DNA๊ฐ€ ์ฝํžˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
So for me, this information threw my old training out the window,
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์ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์œกํ•ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
09:36
because when we understand the mechanism of a disease,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:40
when we know not only which pathways are disrupted, but how,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ๋๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ๋๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฉด,
09:45
then as doctors, it is our job to use this science
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ์ผ์€ ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
09:50
for prevention and treatment.
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
That's what we do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
So in San Francisco, we created the Center for Youth Wellness
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์— ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
to prevent, screen and heal the impacts of ACEs and toxic stress.
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ACE ์™€ ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
We started simply with routine screening of every one of our kids
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10:08
at their regular physical,
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10:10
because I know that if my patient has an ACE score of 4,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 4 ์  ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด,
๊ฐ„์—ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 2.5๋ฐฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ,
10:15
she's two and a half times as likely to develop hepatitis or COPD,
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10:19
she's four and half times as likely to become depressed,
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 4.5๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋†’๊ณ , ์ž์‚ด์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ๋„ 12๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์ฃ .
10:22
and she's 12 times as likely to attempt to take her own life
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10:26
as my patient with zero ACEs.
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ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0์ธ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:28
I know that when she's in my exam room.
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์ €๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋ฃŒ์‹ค์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
For our patients who do screen positive,
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์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒํŒ€์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
10:35
we have a multidisciplinary treatment team that works to reduce the dose of adversity
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์—ญ๊ฒฝ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‹ค์Šต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:40
and treat symptoms using best practices, including home visits, care coordination,
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ, ์กฐํ™” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์˜์–‘, ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ
10:46
mental health care, nutrition,
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10:50
holistic interventions, and yes, medication when necessary.
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๋„ค, ํ•„์š”ํ• ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ACE์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ฃ ,
10:54
But we also educate parents about the impacts of ACEs and toxic stress
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10:59
the same way you would for covering electrical outlets, or lead poisoning,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฉ์ค‘๋…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
11:04
and we tailor the care of our asthmatics and our diabetics
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์ฒœ์‹ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋Œ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ,
11:08
in a way that recognizes that they may need more aggressive treatment,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™œ์„ฑ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
given the changes to their hormonal and immune systems.
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11:17
So the other thing that happens when you understand this science
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
11:21
is that you want to shout it from the rooftops,
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์˜ฅ์ƒ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
because this isn't just an issue for kids in Bayview.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ทฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ชจ๋“œ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜์› ์น˜๋ฃŒํŒ€๊ณผ
11:29
I figured the minute that everybody else heard about this,
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11:32
it would be routine screening, multi-disciplinary treatment teams,
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11:36
and it would be a race to the most effective clinical treatment protocols.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ž„์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‹œํ•ฉ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:41
Yeah. That did not happen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ฐฐ์›€์ด ๋์ฃ .
11:45
And that was a huge learning for me.
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๊ทธ์ € ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹ค์Šต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
11:48
What I had thought of as simply best clinical practice
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11:52
I now understand to be a movement.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ด์ œ์•ผ ์ดํ•ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
In the words of Dr. Robert Block,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์˜ ํšŒ์žฅ์ธ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ธ”๋ก ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
11:59
the former President of the American Academy of Pediatrics,
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"๋ฐ˜ ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ 
12:03
"Adverse childhood experiences
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:06
are the single greatest unaddressed public health threat
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12:11
facing our nation today."
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12:13
And for a lot of people, that's a terrifying prospect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ „๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
The scope and scale of the problem seems so large that it feels overwhelming
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์ค‘์••๊ฐ์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
to think about how we might approach it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
But for me, that's actually where the hopes lies,
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12:30
because when we have the right framework,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งž๋Š” ํ‹€๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
12:33
when we recognize this to be a public health crisis,
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12:38
then we can begin to use the right tool kit to come up with solutions.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
From tobacco to lead poisoning to HIV/AIDS,
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๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฉ ์ค‘๋…์ด๋‚˜ HIV/์—์ด์ฆˆ๋‚˜,
12:47
the United States actually has quite a strong track record
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜์™ธ๋กœ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
12:52
with addressing public health problems,
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12:55
but replicating those successes with ACEs and toxic stress
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ACE์™€ ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
13:00
is going to take determination and commitment,
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ํˆฌ์ง€์™€ ํ—Œ์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:05
and when I look at what our nation's response has been so far,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ถ๊ตผํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”,
13:09
I wonder,
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13:11
why haven't we taken this more seriously?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:15
You know, at first I thought that we marginalized the issue
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋Š”์ค„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
because it doesn't apply to us.
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13:20
That's an issue for those kids in those neighborhoods.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋™๋„ค ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์•ผ.
13:24
Which is weird, because the data doesn't bear that out.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ฃ , ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:28
The original ACEs study was done in a population
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์›๋ž˜์˜ ACE์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 70ํ”„๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๊ณผ 70ํ”„๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์กธ์—…์ž ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜€์ฃ .
13:32
that was 70 percent Caucasian,
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13:35
70 percent college-educated.
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13:38
But then, the more I talked to folks,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ์ˆ˜๋ก,
13:41
I'm beginning to think that maybe I had it completely backwards.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
If I were to ask how many people in this room
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜, ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๋˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:53
grew up with a family member who suffered from mental illness,
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13:57
I bet a few hands would go up.
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๋ช‡๋ถ„์˜ ์†์€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
And then if I were to ask how many folks had a parent who maybe drank too much,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ค‘๋…์ธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜,
14:05
or who really believed that if you spare the rod, you spoil the child,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋งค๋ฅผ ์•„๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž์‹์„ ๋ง์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด,
14:11
I bet a few more hands would go up.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์†๋“ค์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
Even in this room, this is an issue that touches many of us,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:19
and I am beginning to believe that we marginalize the issue
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
because it does apply to us.
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14:25
Maybe it's easier to see in other zip codes
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹ซ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”,
14:28
because we don't want to look at it.
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14:31
We'd rather be sick.
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์•„ํ”ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Fortunately, scientific advances and, frankly, economic realities
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
make that option less viable every day.
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14:45
The science is clear:
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
14:47
Early adversity dramatically affects health across a lifetime.
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์ด๋ฅธ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
Today, we are beginning to understand how to interrupt the progression
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
14:58
from early adversity to disease and early death,
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15:02
and 30 years from now,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  30๋…„ ํ›„์—, ACE ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€๋ฐ, ํ–‰๋™์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์•„์ด๋Š”,
15:05
the child who has a high ACE score
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15:07
and whose behavioral symptoms go unrecognized,
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์ฒœ์‹ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
15:11
whose asthma management is not connected,
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15:13
and who goes on to develop high blood pressure
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ์ž˜๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์•”์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
15:16
and early heart disease or cancer
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15:19
will be just as anomalous as a six-month mortality from HIV/AIDS.
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์–ด๋Š 6๊ฐœ์›” HYV/์—์ด์ฆˆ ์‹œํ•œ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ผ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
People will look at that situation and say, "What the heck happened there?"
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๋„๋ฐ์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
15:30
This is treatable.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
This is beatable.
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15:35
The single most important thing that we need today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ,
15:39
is the courage to look this problem in the face
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15:43
and say, this is real and this is all of us.
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"์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ถ€์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ด."๋ผ๊ณ ์š”,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์šด๋™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
15:48
I believe that we are the movement.
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15:52
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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