Stefon Harris: There are no mistakes on the bandstand

160,505 views ใƒป 2011-12-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Nir Bibi ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Okay, I have no idea what we're going to play.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ.
00:18
I won't be able to tell you what it is until it happens.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ื–ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชื ื’ืŸ.
00:21
I didn't realize there was going to be a little music before.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™,
00:24
So I think I'm going to start with what I just heard.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ืจื’ืข.
00:26
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
06:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:10
Okay, so first of all,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ,
06:12
let's welcome Mr. Jamire Williams on the drums,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ืžืจ ื’'ืืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืคื™ื,
06:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:18
Burniss Travis on the bass,
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ื‘ืืจื ื™ืก ื˜ืจืื‘ื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืก,
06:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:22
and Mr. Christian Sands on the piano.
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ื•ืžืจ ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืกื ื“ืก ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ.
06:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:28
So the bandstand, as we call it,
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ืื– ื‘ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”,
06:30
this is an incredible space.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืœ ืžื•ืคืœื.
06:32
It is really a sacred space.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืœืœ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ.
06:34
And one of the things that is really sacred about it
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืœ ื–ื”
06:36
is that you have no opportunity to think about the future,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
06:39
or the past.
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ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
06:41
You really are alive right here in this moment.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”.
06:43
There are so many decisions being made
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช
06:45
when you walk on the bandstand.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชื”ืœืš ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช.
06:47
We had no idea what key we were going to play in.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ืœื ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ.
06:50
In the middle, we sort of made our way
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
06:52
into a song called "Titi Boom."
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ืืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื "Titi Boom."
06:54
But that could have happened -- maybe, maybe not.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช -- ืื•ืœื™, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื.
06:57
Everyone's listening. We're responding.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื.
06:59
You have no time for projected ideas.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื.
07:01
So the idea of a mistake:
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช:
07:04
From the perspective of a jazz musician,
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื ื’ืŸ ื’'ืื–,
07:06
it's easier to talk about someone else's mistake.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
07:11
So the way I perceive a mistake when I'm on the bandstand --
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ืื– ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืชื•ืคืฉ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืžืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช --
07:14
first of all, we don't really see it as a mistake.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืื ื• ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช.
07:16
The only mistake lies
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ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื”
07:18
in that I'm not able to perceive
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜
07:20
what it is that someone else did.
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืื—ืจ.
07:22
Every "mistake" is an opportunity in jazz.
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ื›ืœ "ื˜ืขื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื’'ืื–.
07:25
So it's hard to even describe
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ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืชืืจ
07:27
what a funny note would be.
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ืžื”ื• ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
07:29
So for example, if I played a color, like we were playing on a palette,
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ืื– ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื ื’ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆืข ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
07:32
that sounded like this ...
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืš...
07:34
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
07:36
So if Christian played a note -- like play an F.
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ืื ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื’ืŸ ืชื• -- ื ื’ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืืช F (ืคื”)
07:39
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
07:41
See, these are all right inside of the color palette.
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ืจื•ืื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฆืข ื”ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
07:44
If you played an E.
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ืื ืชื ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื• E (ืžื™).
07:47
See, these all lie right inside
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ืจื•ืื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื
07:49
of this general emotional palette that we were painting.
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ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืฆืข ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืื ื• ืฆื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
07:51
If you played an F# though,
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ืืš ืื ืชื ื’ืŸ ืืช #F (ืคื” ื“ื™ืื–),
07:53
(Dissonance)
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(ื“ื™ืกื•ื ื ืก)
07:57
to most people's ears, they would perceive that as a mistake.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื™ืชืคืฉื• ืืช ืฆืœื™ืœ ื–ื” ื›ื˜ืขื•ืช.
08:00
So I'm going to show you, we're going to play just for a second.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื, ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ ืจืง ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
08:02
And we're going to play on this palette.
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฆืข.
08:04
And at some point, Christian will introduce this note.
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื• ื”ื–ื”.
08:06
And we won't react to it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื’ื™ื‘ ืืœื™ื•.
08:08
He'll introduce it for a second
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉื ื™ื”,
08:10
and then I'll stop, I'll talk for a second.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืืคืกื™ืง ื•ืื“ื‘ืจ ืœืจื’ืข.
08:12
We'll see what happens when we play with this palette.
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ื ืจืื” ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžืฆืข ื”ื–ื”.
08:14
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
08:39
So someone could conceptually perceive that as a mistake.
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ืื– ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื˜ืขื•ืช.
08:43
The only way that I would say it was a mistake
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ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื›ืš
08:45
is in that we didn't react to it.
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ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื ื• ืืœื™ื”.
08:47
It was an opportunity that was missed.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ืžืฆื”.
08:49
So it's unpredictable. We'll paint this palette again.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™. ืื ื• ื ืฆื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฆืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
08:52
He'll play it. I don't know how we'll react to it, but something will change.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉืชื ื”.
08:55
We'll all accept his ideas,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
08:57
or not.
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ืื• ืฉืœื.
08:59
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
10:08
So you see, he played this note.
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ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื• ื”ื–ื”.
10:10
I ended up creating a melody out of it.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ืžืœื•ื“ื™ื”.
10:12
The texture changed in the drums this time.
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ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื”ืคืขื.
10:14
It got a little bit more rhythmic, a little bit more intense
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฆื‘ื™ืช, ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื–ื”
10:17
in response to how I responded to it.
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ื”.
10:19
So there is no mistake.
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ืื– ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื˜ืขื•ืช.
10:21
The only mistake is if I'm not aware,
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ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืื ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข,
10:23
if each individual musician is not aware
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ืื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข
10:25
and accepting enough of his fellow band member
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ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื”ืจื›ื‘
10:29
to incorporate the idea and we don't allow for creativity.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ืื ื• ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
10:32
So jazz, this bandstand is absolutely amazing.
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ืื– ื’'ืื–, ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
10:36
It's a very purifying experience.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื˜ื”ืจืช.
10:38
And I know that I speak for all of us when I tell you that we don't take it for granted.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
10:41
We know that to be able to come on the bandstand and play music is a blessing.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ื•ื, ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ืœื ื’ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื‘ืจื›ื”.
10:45
So how does this all relate to behavioral finance?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืขื ืžืžื•ืŸ?
10:48
Well we're jazz musicians,
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื’ื ื™ ื’'ืื–,
10:50
so stereotypically we don't have a great relationship to finance.
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืžืžื•ืŸ.
10:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:55
Anyway, I just wanted to sort of point out the way that we handle it.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
10:58
And the other dynamic of it
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ื•ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื–ื”
11:00
is that we don't micromanage in jazz.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื’'ืื–.
11:03
You have some people who do.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื.
11:05
But what that does
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ืืš ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื
11:07
is it actually limits the artistic possibilities.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
11:09
If I come up and I dictate to the band
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ืื ืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื ื•ืื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœื”ืจื›ื‘
11:12
that I want to play like this and I want the music to go this way,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืชืชืงื“ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
11:14
and I just jump right in ...
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงื•ืคืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื”...
11:16
ready, just play some time.
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื ื ื’ืŸ ืœืจื’ืข.
11:18
One, two, one, two, three, four.
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ืื—ืช, ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืื—ืช, ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืืจื‘ืข.
11:20
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
11:32
It's kind of chaotic because I'm bullying my ideas.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ื™ ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:34
I'm telling them, "You come with me over this way."
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื, "ืืชื ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ืืช."
11:36
If I really want the music to go there,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืชืชืงื“ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
11:38
the best way for me to do it is to listen.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
11:40
This is a science of listening.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”.
11:42
It has far more to do with what I can perceive
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืฉ
11:44
than what it is that I can do.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:46
So if I want the music to get to a certain level of intensity,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
11:49
the first step for me is
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื
11:51
to be patient, to listen to what's going on
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœืŸ, ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘
11:53
and pull from something that's going on around me.
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™
11:56
When you do that, you engage and inspire the other musicians
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืืชื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
11:59
and they give you more, and gradually it builds.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”.
12:01
Watch. One, two, a one, two, three, four.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•. ืื—ืช, ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืื—ืช, ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืืจื‘ืข.
12:04
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
12:44
Totally different experience when I'm pulling ideas.
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืื‘ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
12:47
It's much more organic. It's much more nuanced.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™. ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
12:49
It's not about bullying my vision or anything like that.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
12:51
It's about being here in the moment,
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื”,
12:53
accepting one another
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ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”
12:55
and allowing creativity to flow.
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœื–ืจื•ื.
12:57
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื
12:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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