Rives: Reinventing the encyclopedia game

63,908 views ใƒป 2012-06-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Roy Freifeld ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
So, last month, the Encyclopaedia Britannica announced
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”
00:19
that it is going out of print
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
00:21
after 244 years, which made me nostalgic,
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ืื—ืจื™ 244 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™
00:24
because I remember playing a game with the colossal encyclopedia set in my hometown library
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
00:30
back when I was a kid,
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ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“,
00:31
maybe 12 years old.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืŸ 12.
00:33
And I wondered if I could update that game,
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ื•ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง,
00:35
not just for modern methods,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื,
00:37
but for the modern me.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœ"ืื ื™" ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
00:39
So I tried.
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ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™
00:40
I went to an online encyclopedia,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช,
00:41
Wikipedia, and I entered the term "Earth."
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ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืขืจืš "ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ".
00:44
You can start anywhere, this time I chose Earth.
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ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืคืขื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:47
And the first rule of the game is pretty simple.
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜
00:49
You just have to read the article
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ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ
00:51
until you find something you don't know,
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ืขื“ ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
00:53
and preferably something your dad doesn't even know.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข.
00:56
And in this case, I quickly found this:
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืžื”ืจ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”:
00:59
The furthest point from the center of the Earth
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืจื›ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:02
is not the tip of Mount Everest, like I might have thought,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืคืกื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
01:04
it's the tip of this mountain: Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืกื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื”: ื”ืจ ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื• ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ.
01:07
The Earth spins, of course, as it travels around the sun,
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
01:11
so the Earth bulges a little bit around the middle,
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ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืงืฆืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–,
01:13
like some Earthlings.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืžื” ืžืื ืฉื™ื•.
01:14
And even though Mount Chimborazo isn't the tallest mountain in the Andes,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืจ ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืื ื“ื™ื,
01:19
it's one degree away from the equator,
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ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืขืœื” ืื—ืช ืžืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”,
01:21
it's riding that bulge, and so the summit of Chimborazo
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคืกื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื•
01:24
is the farthest point on Earth from the center of the Earth.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื.
01:27
And it is really fun to say.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ืฉืžื•.
01:30
So I immediately decided,
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ืื– ืžื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™,
01:31
this is going to be the name of the game,
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง,
01:33
or my new exclamation.
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ืื• ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื™.
01:34
You can use it at TED.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘-TED.
01:35
Chimborazo, right?
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ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:37
It's like "eureka" and "bingo" had a baby.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉ"ื•ื•ืืœื”" ื•-"ื‘ื™ื ื’ื•" ืขืฉื• ื™ืœื“.
01:38
I didn't know that;
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”;
01:40
that's pretty cool.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
01:42
Chimborazo!
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ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื•!
01:43
So the next rule of the game is also pretty simple.
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
01:47
You just have to find another term and look that up.
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ืืชื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
01:50
Now in the old days, that meant getting out a volume
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•, ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ืจืš
01:52
and browsing through it alphabetically,
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ื•ืœืกืจื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ืืœืคื‘ืชื™ืช,
01:54
maybe getting sidetracked,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœืกื˜ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ,
01:55
that was fun.
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01:55
Nowadays there are hundreds of links to choose from.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ.
ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื”ื.
01:58
I can go literally anywhere in the world,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:00
I think since I was already in Ecuador,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืื“ื•ืจ,
02:02
I just decided to click on the word "tropical."
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื˜ืจื•ืคื™".
02:04
That took me to this wet and warm band of the tropics
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœืจืฆื•ืขื” ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืœื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ืžื”
02:10
that encircles the Earth.
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ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:11
Now that's the Tropic of Cancer in the north
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ื–ื” ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ
02:13
and the Tropic of Capricorn in the south,
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ื•ื—ื•ื’ ื”ื’ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื,
02:15
that much I knew,
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ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืชื™,
02:16
but I was surprised to learn this little fact:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•:
02:18
Those are not cartographers' lines,
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ืืœื• ืœื ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื,
02:20
like latitude or the borders between nations,
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ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
02:24
they are astronomical phenomena caused by the Earth's tilt,
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ื”ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื”ื ื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื,
02:26
and they change.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
02:28
They move; they go up, they go down.
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ื”ื ื–ื–ื™ื; ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”.
02:31
In fact, for years, the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ื’ ื”ื’ื“ื™
02:34
have been steadily drifting towards the equator
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ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”
02:36
at the rate of about 15 meters per year,
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 15 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉื ื”,
02:39
and nobody told me that.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
02:40
I didn't know it.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
02:41
Chimborazo!
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ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื•!
02:42
So to keep the game going, I just have to find another term and look that one up.
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
02:48
Since I'm already in the tropics, I chose "Tropical rainforest."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™, ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื‘"ื™ืขืจ ื’ืฉื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™".
02:52
Famous for its diversity, human diversity.
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ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
02:54
There are still dozens and dozens of uncontacted tribes living on this planet.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืื™ืชื ืงืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
03:00
They're all over the globe, but virtually all of them live in tropical rainforests.
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ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื’ืฉื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื.
03:04
This is the only place you can go nowadays and not get "friended."
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืœื›ื "ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช"
03:09
The link that I clicked on here was exotic in the beginning and then absolutely mysterious at the very end.
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ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
03:18
It mentioned leopards and ring-tailed coatis and poison dart frogs and boa constrictors and then
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื ืžืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื˜ืžื ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ ื—ืฅ ืืจืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื ืงื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื•ืื–
03:25
coleoptera,
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ืงืฉื™-ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื,
03:27
which turn out to be beetles.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
03:30
Now I clicked on this on purpose,
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ืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”,
03:32
but if I'd somehow gotten here by mistake,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช,
03:34
it does remind me, for the band, see "The Beatles,"
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ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื”ืงื”, ืจืื” "ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช",
03:36
for the car see "Volkswagon Beetle,"
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืจืื” "ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื•ืœืงืกื•ื•ืื’ืŸ",
03:38
but I am here for beetle beetles.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืคื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช.
03:40
This is the most successful order on the planet by far.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:44
Something between 20 and 25 percent of all life forms on the planet,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 20 ื•-25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘,
03:48
including plants, are beetles.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
03:50
That means the next time you are in the grocery store,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืœืช,
03:52
take a look at the four people ahead of you in line.
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ืชืขื™ืคื• ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ.
03:55
Statistically, one of you is a beetle.
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ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ืช.
03:58
And if it is you, you are astonishingly well adapted.
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืืชื, ืืชื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
04:03
There are scavenger beetles that pick the skin and flesh off of bones in museums.
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื ืงืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื,
04:08
There are predator beetles, that attack other insects
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืคื•ืช, ืฉืชื•ืงืคื•ืช ื—ืจืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
04:11
and still look pretty cute to us.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ื“ื™ ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช.
04:13
There are beetles that roll little balls of dung
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœืœื™ื
04:17
great distances across the desert floor to feed to their hatchlings.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
04:20
This reminded the ancient Egyptians of their god Khepri,
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืืœ ืฉืœื”ื "ืงืืคืจื™",
04:24
who renews the ball of the sun every morning,
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ืฉืžืขืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
04:27
which is how that dung-rolling scarab
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ื—ืจืคื•ืฉื™ืช ืžื’ืœื’ืœืช ื”ื’ืœืœื™ื
04:29
became that sacred scarab on the breastplate of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun.
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื—ืจืคื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื” ืชื•ืช ืขื ื—' ืืžื•ืŸ.
04:34
Beetles, I was reminded, have the most romantic flirtation in the animal kingdom.
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ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™, ื™ืฉ ืืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช.
04:40
Fireflies are not flies, fireflies are beetles.
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ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: "ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืืฉ") ืื™ื ืŸ ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
04:43
Fireflies are coleoptera, and coleoptera communicate in other ways as well.
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ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงืฉื™-ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื, ื•ืงืฉื™-ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช.
04:48
Like my next link:
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื™:
04:50
The chemical language of pheromones.
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ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืžื•ื ื™ื.
04:52
Now the pheromone page took me to a video of a sea urchin having sex.
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ื”ื“ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกืงืก.
04:59
Yeah.
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ื›ืŸ.
05:02
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:05
And the link to aphrodisiac.
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ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืืคืจื•ื“ื™ื–ื™ืืง.
05:07
Now that's something that increases sexual desire,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช,
05:09
possibly chocolate.
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ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“.
05:11
There is a compound in chocolate called phenethylamine
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ื™ืฉ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืคื ืชื™ืœืืžื™ืŸ
05:15
that might be an aphrodisiac.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืจื•ื“ื™ื–ื™ืืง.
05:16
But as the article mentions,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžืืžืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ,
05:18
because of enzyme breakdown,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื,
05:20
it's unlikely that phenethylamine will reach your brain if taken orally.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืคื ืชื™ืœืืžื™ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื•ื— ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจืš ืื•ืจืืœื™ืช.
05:24
So those of you who only eat your chocolate, you might have to experiment.
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ืื– ืืœื• ืžื›ื ืฉืจืง ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืืœืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื.
05:27
The link I clicked on here,
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ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืคื”,
05:31
"sympathetic magic," mostly because I understand what both of those words mean.
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"ืงืกื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ืชื™", ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
05:36
But not when they're together like that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื›ื”.
05:38
I do like sympathy. I do like magic.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืกื™ืžืคืชื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืงืกื.
05:41
So when I click on "sympathetic magic,"
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ืื– ื›ืฉืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ "ืงืกื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ืชื™",
05:42
I get sympathetic magic and voodoo dolls.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืงืกื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ืชื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ื“ื•.
05:47
This is the boy in me getting lucky again.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉื‘ื™ ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชืžื–ืœ ืžื–ืœื•.
05:49
Sympathetic magic is imitation.
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ืงืกื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืงื•ื™.
05:52
If you imitate something, maybe you can have an effect on it.
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืงื” ืžืฉื”ื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœื™ื•.
05:54
That's the idea behind voodoo dolls, and possibly also cave paintings.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ื“ื•, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืžืขืจื•ืช.
05:59
The link to cave paintings takes me to some of the oldest art known to humankind.
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ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืžืขืจื•ืช ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืžื” ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
06:04
I would love to see Google maps inside some of these caves.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช "ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืžืคื•ืช" ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
06:06
We've got tens-of-thousands-years-old artwork.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
06:09
Common themes around the globe include large wild animals and tracings of human hands,
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
06:14
usually the left hand.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช.
06:17
We have been a dominantly right-handed tribe for millenia,
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ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
06:21
so even though I don't know why a paleolithic person would trace his hand
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ืื– ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ืื“ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•
06:26
or blow pigment on it from a tube,
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ืื• ื™ื ืฉื•ืฃ ืฆื‘ืข ืขืœื™ื” ืขื ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ,
06:28
I can easily picture how he did it.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
06:31
And I really don't think it's that different form our own little dominant hand avatar
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื™ื“ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
06:35
right there that I'm going to use now to click on the term for "hand,"
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ืฉื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ื™ื“",
06:39
go to the page for "hand," where I found the most fun and possibly embarrassing bit of trivia
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ "ื™ื“", ืฉื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ืช ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžื‘ื™ื›ื”
06:45
I've found in a long time. It's simply this:
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ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืžื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื•:
06:47
The back of the hand is formally called the opisthenar.
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ื’ื‘ ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ื ืงืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ "ืื•ืคื™ืกืชื ืืจ".
06:51
Now that's embarrassing, because up until now,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ืš ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:55
every time I've said, "I know it like the back of my hand,"
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืžืจืชื™ "ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืืช ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื™",
06:58
I've really been saying, "I'm totally familiar with that,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืืžืจืชื™ "ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™,
07:01
I just don't know it's freaking name, right?"
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื’ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื", ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:03
And the link I clicked on here,
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ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืคื”,
07:07
well, lemurs, monkeys and chimpanzees have the little opisthenar.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืœืžื•ืจื™ื, ืงื•ืคื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ืกืชื ืืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ,
07:11
I click on chimpanzee, and I get our closest genetic relative.
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ืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช.
07:15
Pan troglodytes, the name we give him, means "cave dweller."
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ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™, ืฉื”ืฉื ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืœื•ืขื–ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ "ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืžืขืจื•ืช".
07:19
He doesn't.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื.
07:21
He lives in rainforests and savannas.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื’ืฉื ื•ืกื•ื•ืื ื•ืช.
07:22
It's just that we're always thinking of this guy as lagging behind us,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžืฉืชืจืš ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•,
07:26
evolutionarily or somehow uncannily creeping up on us,
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ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืชื’ื ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•,
07:29
and in some cases, he gets places before us.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
07:32
Like my next link, the almost irresistible link, Ham the Astrochimp.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื™, ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืคืชื”, "ื”ืื" ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”.
07:38
I click on him, and I really thought he was going to bring me full circle twice, in fact.
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ืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
07:42
He's born in Cameroon,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืงืžืจื•ืŸ,
07:43
which is smack in the middle of my tropics map,
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ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
07:47
and more specifically his skeleton wound up in the Smithsonian museum getting picked clean by beetles.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ืฉืœื“ ืฉืœื• ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืกืžื™ืช'ืกื•ื ื™ ื•ื ื•ืงื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
07:53
In between those two landmarks in Ham's life,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืื",
07:56
he flew into space.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ืก ืœื—ืœืœ.
07:59
He experienced weightlessness and re-entry
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
08:02
months before the first human being to do it,
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ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
08:04
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
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ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ื ืื•ื˜ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืจื™ ื’ื’ืืจื™ืŸ.
08:07
When I click on Yuri Gagarin's page,
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ื›ืฉืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืจื™ ื’ื’ืืจื™ืŸ,
08:09
I get this guy who was surprisingly short in stature,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข,
08:12
huge in heroism.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื•.
08:14
Top estimates, Soviet estimates, put this guy at 1.65 meters,
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืžืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 1.65 ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
08:18
that is less than five and a half feet tall max,
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ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืจื’ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:21
possibly because he was malnourished as a child.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ืžืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“.
08:24
Germans occupied Russia.
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ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
08:26
A Nazi officer took over the Gagarin household,
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ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื’ืืจื™ืŸ,
08:30
and he and his family built and lived in a mud hut.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื‘ื ื• ื•ื’ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืงืชื” ืžื‘ื•ืฅ.
08:32
Years later, the boy from that cramped mud hut
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ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื‘ืงืชืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืฆืคื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•
08:36
would grow up to be the man in that cramped capsule
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ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืคืกื•ืœื” ื”ืฆืคื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื•
08:39
on the tip of a rocket
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ื‘ืงืฆื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืœ
08:41
who volunteered to be launched into outer space,
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ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื’ืจ ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ,
08:45
the first one of any of us to really physically leave this planet.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘.
08:49
And he didn't just leave it,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืขื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื•,
08:50
he circled it once.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
08:53
Fifty years later, as a tribute,
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื—ื•ื•ื”,
08:55
the International Space Station, which is still up there tonight,
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ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
08:59
synced its orbit with Gagarin's orbit,
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ืกื™ื ื›ืจื ื” ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ื’ืืจื™ืŸ,
09:03
at the exact same time of day,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
09:04
and filmed it,
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžื” ืืช ื–ื”,
09:06
so you can go online and you can watch over 100 minutes
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ื“ืงื•ืช
09:09
of what must have been an absolutely mesmerizing ride,
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื”ืคื ื˜ืช,
09:13
possibly a lonely one,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช,
09:14
the first person to ever see such a thing.
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
09:16
And then when you've had your fill of that,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉืฉื‘ืขืชื ืžื–ื”,
09:18
you can click on one more link.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
09:20
You can come back to Earth.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
09:22
You return to where you started.
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ืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ืœืชื.
09:24
You can finish your game.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
09:26
You just need to find one more fact that you didn't know.
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ืืชื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื.
09:30
And for me, I quickly landed on this one:
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ื•ืื ื™, ืื ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื•:
09:32
The Earth has a tolerance of about .17 percent from the reference spheroid,
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ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 0.17 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช,
09:37
which is less than the .22 percent allowed in billiard balls.
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ืฉื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-0.22 ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
09:41
This is the kind of fact I would have loved as a boy.
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ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ื™ืœื“.
09:43
I found it myself.
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
09:45
It's got some math that I can do.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘.
09:47
I'm pretty sure my dad doesn't know it.
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”.
09:49
What this means is that if you could shrink the Earth to the size of a billiard ball,
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ื”"ื ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
09:55
if you could take planet Earth, with all its mountain tops and caves
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืืจืฅ, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืจื•ืช,
10:01
and rainforests, astronauts and uncontacted tribes and chimpanzees, voodoo dolls,
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ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื, ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ื“ื•,
10:05
fireflies, chocolate, sea creatures making love in the deep blue sea,
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ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ,
10:11
you just shrink that to the size of a billiard ball,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
10:14
it would be as smooth as a billiard ball,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
10:18
presumably a billiard ball with a slight bulge around the middle.
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ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืขื ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–.
10:23
That's pretty cool.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
10:25
I didn't know that.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
10:27
Chimborazo!
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ืฆ'ื™ืžื‘ื•ืจืกื•!
10:30
Thank you.
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10:30
(Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
(ืžื—ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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