Leonard Susskind: My friend Richard Feynman

Translator: Antonius Yudi Sendjaja Reviewer: Amir Sudjono

Saat diminta melakukan ini saya memutuskan

I decided when I was asked to do this

bahwa apa yang benar-benar ingin saya bicarakan

that what I really wanted to talk about was my friend, Richard Feynman.

adalah sahabat saya Richard Feynman.

I was one of the fortunate few that really did get to know him

Saya adalah sedikit orang yang beruntung

yang benar-benar dapat mengenalnya

and enjoyed his presence.

dan menikmati kehadirannya.

And I'm going to tell you about the Richard Feynman that I knew.

Saya akan berbicara tentang Richard Feynman yang saya tahu.

I'm sure there are people here who could tell you

Saya yakin ada orang lain di sini

yang dapat menceritakan Richard Feynman yang mereka tahu,

about the Richard Feynman they knew,

and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman.

dan mungkin itu adalah Richard Feynman yang berbeda.

Richard Feynman adalah orang yang sangat kompleks.

Richard Feynman was a very complex man.

He was a man of many, many parts.

Dia adalah pria dengan banyak sisi.

He was, of course, foremost, a very, very, very great scientist.

Dia, tentu saja, terutama

adalah seorang ilmuwan yang sangat hebat.

Dia seorang aktor. Anda melihatnya berakting.

He was an actor. You saw him act.

I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures,

Saya juga beruntung dapat berada dalam kuliahnya

up in the balcony.

di atas balkon.

They were fantastic.

Kuliah itu luar biasa.

Dia seorang filsuf,

He was a philosopher.

He was a drum player.

seorang pemain drum,

He was a teacher par excellence.

seorang guru yang luar biasa.

Richard Feynman was also a showman,

Richard Feynman juga pemain sandiwara,

pemain sandiwara besar.

an enormous showman.

Dia kurang ajar, tidak sopan --

He was brash, irreverent.

He was full of macho, a kind of macho one-upmanship.

dia sangat jantan,

jantan untuk mengambil keuntungan dari lawan.

He loved intellectual battle.

Dia menyukai perang intelektual.

He had a gargantuan ego.

Dia memiliki ego yang sangat besar.

But the man had, somehow,

Namun orang ini seperti memiliki

a lot of room at the bottom.

banyak ruangan di bawahnya.

Dan maksud saya adalah

And what I mean by that is a lot of room, in my case --

banyak ruangan, dalam kasus saya --

saya tidak tahu bagi orang lain --

I can't speak for anybody else, but in my case --

dalam kasus saya,

a lot of room for another big ego.

banyak ruangan untuk ego yang lain.

Well, not as big as his,

Tidak sebesar egonya,

but fairly big.

namun cukup besar.

Saya selalu senang bersama Dick Feynman.

I always felt good with Dick Feynman.

It was always fun to be with him.

Selalu menyenangkan bersamanya.

He always made me feel smart.

Dia selalu membuat saya merasa cerdas.

Bagaimana orang seperti itu membuat Anda merasa cerdas?

How can somebody like that make you feel smart?

Entah bagaimana dia melakukannya.

Somehow he did.

He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart.

Dia membuat saya merasa cerdas. Membuat saya merasa dia cerdas.

He made me feel we were both smart,

Dia membuat saya merasa kami semua cerdas,

and the two of us could solve any problem whatever.

dan kami berdua dapat menyelesaikan masalah apapun.

Sebenarnya, kadang-kadang kami mengerjakan masalah fisika bersama.

And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together.

Kami tidak pernah membuat jurnal bersama,

We never published a paper together,

namun kami banyak bersenang-senang.

but we did have a lot of fun.

Dia suka menjadi pemenang.

He loved to win,

win these little macho games we would sometimes play.

Dengan permainan jantan yang terkadang kami mainkan --

And he didn't only play them with me, but with all sorts of people.

dia tidak hanya bermain bersama saya, namun dengan berbagai macam orang --

He would almost always win.

dia hampir selalu menang.

But when he didn't win, when he lost,

Namun saat dia tidak menang, saat kalah,

he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun

dia akan tertawa dan tampak senang

as if he had won.

seperti jika dia menang.

I remember once he told me a story

Saya ingat suatu kali dia bercerita

about a joke the students played on him.

tentang gurauan para siswanya kepadanya.

I think it was for his birthday --

Mereka mengajaknya -- saya rasa saat hari ulang tahunnya --

they took him for lunch

mereka mengajaknya makan siang.

to a sandwich place in Pasadena.

Mereka mengajaknya makan siang

ke restoran sandwich di Pasadena.

It may still exist; I don't know.

Restoran itu mungkin masih ada sekarang.

Celebrity sandwiches was their thing.

Menu khasnya adalah sandwich selebriti.

You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich.

Anda bisa membeli sandwich Marilyn Monroe.

You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich.

Anda bisa membeli sandwich Humphrey Bogart.

The students went there in advance,

Para siswanya pergi lebih awal ke sana

and arranged that they'd all order Feynman sandwiches.

dan mereka mengatur untuk memesan sandwich Feynman.

Satu persatu, mereka datang dan memesan sandwich Feynman.

One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches.

Feynman menyukai cerita ini.

Feynman loved this story.

He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing.

Dia menceritakannya kepada saya, dan dia sangat bahagia dan tertawa.

When he finished the story, I said to him,

Saat dia selesai bercerita, saya berkata

"Dick, I wonder what would be the difference

"Dick, saya bingung apa beda antara

sandwich Feynman dan sandwich Susskind."

between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich."

And without skipping a beat at all,

Dan tanpa berpikir lama,

he said, "Well, they'd be about the same.

dia berkata, "Keduanya sama.

Perbedaannya adalah sandwich Susskind memiliki lebih banyak "ham","

The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham."

ham dalam artian aktor jelek.

"Ham" as in bad actor.

(Tawa)

(Laughter)

Well, I happened to have been very quick that day,

Otak saya seperti bekerja sangat cepat saat itu,

dan saya berkata, "Ya, tapi jauh lebih sedikit sosis (omong kosong)."

and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney."

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

(Applause)

Pada kenyataannya

The truth of the matter

is that a Feynman sandwich had a load of ham,

sandwich Feynman

memiliki banyak ham

but absolutely no baloney.

namun tidak ada sosis sama sekali.

What Feynman hated worse than anything else

Hal yang paling dibenci oleh Feynman

adalah tipuan intelektual --

was intellectual pretense --

ketidakjujuran,

phoniness,

false sophistication, jargon.

kecanggihan yang palsu, jargon.

Saya ingat suatu kali di tahun 80-an,

I remember sometime during the mid-'80s,

pertengahan 80-an.

Dick and I and Sidney Coleman would meet a couple of times

Saya, Dick, dan Sidney Coleman,

kami bertemu beberapa kali

up in San Francisco -- at some very rich guy's house --

di San Francisco di beberapa rumah orang kaya --

up in San Francisco for dinner.

di San Francisco untuk makan malam.

Dan saat terakhir kali orang kaya itu mengundang kami,

And the last time the rich guy invited us,

he also invited a couple of philosophers.

dia juga mengundang beberapa filsuf.

These guys were philosophers of mind.

Orang-orang ini adalah filsuf pikiran.

Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness.

Keahlian mereka adalah filsafat kesadaran.

And they were full of all kinds of jargon.

Dan mereka dipenuhi berbagai macam jargon.

Saya mencoba untuk mengingat kata-katanya --

I'm trying to remember the words --

"monism," "dualism," categories all over the place.

"monisme," "dualisme," berbagai macam kategori.

Saya tidak tahu apa arti dari hal itu, begitu juga dengan Dick --

I didn't know what those meant, neither did Dick or Sydney, for that matter.

begitu juga Sydney.

Dan apa yang kami bicarakan?

And what did we talk about?

Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds?

Apa yang Anda bicarakan saat berbicara tentang pikiran?

There's one obvious thing to talk about:

Satu hal, satu hal yang sudah jelas akan dikatakan --

Can a machine become a mind?

dapatkan mesin menjadi sebuah pikiran?

Can you build a machine

Dapatkah anda membuat mesin

that thinks like a human being that is conscious?

yang berpikir seperti manusia,

yang memiliki kesadaran?

We sat around and talked about this -- we of course never resolved it.

Kami duduk dan berbicara tentang hal ini -- tentu saja tidak pernah menyelesaikannya.

But the trouble with the philosophers

Namun masalah dengan para filsuf ini

is that they were philosophizing

adalah mereka berfilsafat

when they should have been science-ophizing.

saat mereka seharusnya bermain dengan ilmu pengetahuan.

Ini sebenarnya pertanyaan ilmu pengetahuan.

It's a scientific question, after all.

And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do

Dan ini adalah hal yang sangat berbahaya untuk dilakukan

di dekat Dick Feynman.

around Dick Feynman.

(Laughter)

Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes.

Feynman menodongnya -- dengan laras senjata, tepat di tengah mata mereka.

It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny.

Brutal dan lucu -- ooh, benar-benar lucu.

But it was really brutal.

Namun sangat brutal.

He really popped their balloon.

Dia memecahkan balon mereka.

Namun hal yang luar biasa adalah --

But the amazing thing was -- Feynman had to leave a little early;

Feynman harus pergi lebih awal.

he wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early.

Dia merasa kurang sehat, jadi dia pergi sedikit lebih awal.

And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers.

Sidney dan saya tetap bersama kedua filsuf ini.

And the amazing thing is these guys were flying.

Dan hal yang luar biasa adalah orang-orang ini seakan terbang.

They were so happy.

Mereka sangat gembira.

Mereka telah bertemu pria hebat,

They had met the great man;

they had been instructed by the great man;

mereka telah diajari oleh pria hebat,

they had an enormous amount of fun

mereka sangat senang

having their faces shoved in the mud ...

karena wajah mereka dimasukkan ke dalam lumpur

dan itu adalah hal yang spesial.

And it was something special.

I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman,

Saya menyadari ada hal yang luar biasa tentang Feynman,

bahkan saat dia melakukan apa yang dilakukannya.

even when he did what he did.

Dick -- he was my friend; I did call him Dick --

Dick, saya memanggilnya Dick.

Dick and I had a little bit of a rapport.

Dick dan saya memiliki semacam hubungan.

Saya pikir hubungan yang kami miliki cukup spesial.

I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had.

We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things.

Kami saling menyukai, kami menyukai hal yang sama.

I also like the intellectual macho games.

Saya juga menyukai permainan jantan intelektual.

Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win,

Terkadang saya menang, kebanyakan dia menang,

but we both enjoyed them.

namun kami menikmatinya.

And Dick became convinced at some point

Dan pada suatu titik Dick menjadi yakin

that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality.

bahwa kami memiliki semacam kepribadian yang serupa.

Saya rasa dia tidak benar.

I don't think he was right.

I think the only point of similarity between us

Saya rasa satu-satunya kesamaan di antara kami

adalah kami suka berbicara tentang diri sendiri.

is we both like to talk about ourselves.

But he was convinced of this.

Namun dia yakin akan hal ini.

Dan dia penasaran.

And the man was incredibly curious.

Orang ini memiliki rasa penasaran yang besar.

And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was

Dia ingin memahami apa dan mengapa

ada hubungan yang lucu ini.

that there was this funny connection.

And one day, we were walking.

Suatu hari kami sedang berjalan. Kami ada di Perancis.

We were in France, in Les Houches.

Kami ada di La Zouche.

We were up in the mountains, 1976.

Kami berada di atas gunung, 1976.

Kami berada di atas gunung, dan Feynman berkata kepada saya,

And Feynman said to me, "Leonardo ..."

katanya, "Leonardo."

Alasan mengapa dia memanggil saya Leonardo

The reason he called me "Leonardo" is because we were in Europe,

adalah karena kami ada di Eropa

and he was practicing his French.

dan dia melatih Bahasa Perancisnya.

(Laughter)

Katanya, "Leonardo,

And he said, "Leonardo,

kamu lebih dekat dengan ibu atau ayahmu

were you closer to your mother or your father when you were a kid?"

sewaktu kecil?"

I said, "Well, my real hero was my father.

Dan saya berkata, "Pahlawan saya adalah ayah saya.

Dia seorang pekerja,

He was a working man,

berpendidikan kelas lima SD.

had a fifth-grade education.

He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools.

Dia adalah montir yang hebat, dan dia mengajarkan saya cara memakai perkakas.

He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things.

Dia mengajarkan berbagai hal tentang mesin.

He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem.

Dia bahkan mengajarkan teorema Pythagoras.

He didn't call it the hypotenuse,

Dia tidak menyebutnya sisi miring,

he called it the shortcut distance."

dia menyebutnya jalan pintas."

And Feynman's eyes just opened up.

Dan mata Feynman terbuka lebar

He went off like a lightbulb.

dia menjadi seperti bola lampu.

Dan dia berkata bahwa dia memiliki

And he said that he had had

basically exactly the same relationship with his father.

hubungan yang sama persis

dengan ayahnya.

In fact, he had been convinced at one time

Sebenarnya, pada suatu ketika dia yakin

that to be a good physicist,

bahwa, untuk menjadi fisikawan hebat,

sangat penting untuk

it was very important to have had that kind of relationship

memiliki hubungan seperti itu dengan ayah Anda.

with your father.

I apologize for the sexist conversation here,

Maaf atas cerita berbau jenis kelamin di sini,

but this is the way it really happened.

namun itulah yang benar-benar terjadi.

He said he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary,

Dia berkata dia sudah benar-benar yakin bahwa hal ini diperlukan --

a necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist.

bagian yang diperlukan untuk tumbuh sebagai fisikawan muda.

Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this.

Dick, dia, tentu saja, ingin memeriksanya.

Dia ingin pergi dan mengadakan penelitian.

He wanted to go out and do an experiment.

Jadi, dia melakukannya.

(Laughter)

Well, he did.

Dia pergi dan mengadakan penelitian.

He went out and did an experiment.

Dia menanyai semua temannya yang dianggapnya fisikawan hebat.

He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists,

"Siapa yang paling berpengaruh bagimu, ayah atau ibu?

"Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?"

They were all men,

Dan bagi pria -- semuanya pria --

and to a man, every single one of them said,

bagi pria, semuanya

berkata, "Ibu saya"

"My mother."

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

There went that theory, down the trash can of history.

Begituah teori itu terbuang ke tempat sampah dari sejarah.

(Laughter)

But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody

Namun dia sangat senang karena dia menemukan seseorang

who had the same experience with his father

yang memiliki pengalaman yang sama

seperti yang dia miliki bersama ayahnya.

as he had with his father.

And for some time, he was convinced this was the reason we got along so well.

Dan untuk beberapa saat, dia yakin

bahwa inilah alasan mengapa kami cocok.

I don't know. Maybe. Who knows?

Saya tidak tahu. Mungkin. Siapa tahu?

But let me tell you a little bit about Feynman the physicist.

Namun ijinkan saya memberi tahu Anda

tentang Feynman sang fisikawan.

Feynman's style -- no, "style" is not the right word.

Gaya Feynman --

bukan, gaya bukan kata yang tepat.

"Style" makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn,

Gaya membuat Anda berpikir tentang dasi yang mungkin dia pakai

atau setelan yang dipakainya.

or the suit he was wearing.

Ada sesuatu yang lebih dalam dari itu,

It's something much deeper than that,

but I can't think of another word for it.

namun saya tidak dapat menemukan kata yang lain.

Gaya keilmuan Feynman

Feynman's scientific style was always to look for the simplest,

selalu mencari jawaban yang paling sederhana

dan paling dasar yang mungkin untuk suatu masalah.

most elementary solution to a problem that was possible.

If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier.

Jika tidak mungkin, Anda harus menggunakan sesuatu yang lebih indah.

Namun tidak diragukan lagi, bagian dari hal ini

No doubt, part of this was his great joy and pleasure

adalah kegembiraan dan kesenangan

in showing people that he could think more simply than they could.

dalam menjelaskan apa yang dia pikir lebih sederhana dari yang mereka pikirkan.

But he also deeply believed, he truly believed,

Namun dia juga benar-benar sangat percaya

that if you couldn't explain something simply,

bahwa jika Anda tidak dapat menjelaskan dengan sederhana

you didn't understand it.

berarti Anda tidak mengerti.

In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out

Di tahun 1950-an, orang-orang mencoba mencari tahu

how superfluid helium worked.

bagaimana cara kerja cairan super helium

Ada sebuah teori.

There was a theory.

It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist.

Ini berkat seorang fisika-matematikawan Rusia,

dan itu adalah teori yang rumit.

It was a complicated theory;

I'll tell you what it was soon enough.

Saya akan membahas teori itu sebentar lagi.

It was a terribly complicated theory,

Itu benar-benar teori yang sangat rumit

full of very difficult integrals and formulas

penuh dengan rumus dan integrasi rumit

and mathematics and so forth.

dan matematika dan seterusnya.

And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well.

Dan teori ini bekerja, namun tidak begitu bagus.

Teori ini bekerja hanya saat

The only way it worked

is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart.

atom-atom helium terpisah sangat jauh.

And unfortunately,

Atom-atom helium harus terpisah sangat jauh.

Sayangnya, atom-atom helium dalam cairan helium

the helium atoms in liquid helium are right on top of each other.

bertumpukan satu sama lain.

Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist,

Feynman memutuskan, sebagai seorang fisikawan helium amatir

bahwa dia akan mencoba menyelesaikannya.

that he would try to figure it out.

He had an idea, a very clear idea.

Dia memiliki ide, ide yang sangat jelas.

He would try to figure out

Dia ingin mencoba menemukan

what the quantum wave function of this huge number of atoms looked like.

bagaimana bentuk fungsi gelombang kuantum

dari atom-atom dalam jumlah besar ini.

Dia ingin mencoba menggambarkannya

He would try to visualize it,

guided by a small number of simple principles.

dengan dibantu beberapa prinsip sederhana.

The small number of simple principles were very, very simple.

Beberapa prinsip sederhana yang benar-benar sederhana.

The first one was that when helium atoms touch each other,

Yang pertama adalah

saat bersentuhan, atom-atom helium itu saling tolak menolak.

they repel.

The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero,

Akibatnya adalah fungsi gelombang harus menuju ke nol,

gelombang itu harus hilang saat atom-atom helium saling bersentuhan.

it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other.

Fakta lain

The other fact is that in the ground state --

adalah pada tingkat dasar, tingkat energi terendah dari sistem kuantum,

the lowest energy state of a quantum system --

fungsi gelombang selalu sangat halus --

the wave function is always very smooth;

it has the minimum number of wiggles.

memiliki jumlah riak paling sedikit.

So he sat down --

Jadi dia duduk --

and I imagine he had nothing more

dan saya membayangkan dia tidak menggunakan apapun

than a simple piece of paper and a pencil --

selain secarik kertas dan pensil --

and he tried to write down, and did write down,

dan dia mencoba menuliskan, dan menuliskannya,

persamaan paling sederhana yang dapat dia pikirkan

the simplest function that he could think of,

which had the boundary conditions

yang memiliki kondisi batas

that the wave function vanish when things touch

bahwa fungsi gelombang menghilang saat benda berentuhan

and is smooth in between.

dan halus di antaranya.

Dia menulis hal-hal sederhana.

He wrote down a simple thing -- so simple, in fact,

Sebenarnya, hal itu sangat sederhana

that I suspect a really smart high-school student

sampai saya berpikir siswa SMA yang cerdas

yang bahkan tidak tahu kalkulus,

who didn't even have calculus

could understand what he wrote down.

dapat mengerti apa yang dia tulis.

The thing was, that simple thing that he wrote down

Masalahnya adalah hal sederhana yang dia tulis

explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium,

menjelaskan semua yang diketahui tentang cairan helium pada saat itu

dan beberapa sesudahnya.

and then some.

I've always wondered whether the professionals --

Saya selalu ingin tahu

apakah para fisikawan helium profesional, yang sebenarnya

the real professional helium physicists --

were just a little bit embarrassed by this.

merasa sedikit dipermalukan oleh hal ini.

They had their super-powerful technique,

Mereka memiliki teknik yang sangat luar biasa

dan mereka tidak dapat melakukannya.

and they couldn't do as well.

Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was.

Sebagai selingan, saya akan memberi tahu apa teknik yang sangat luar biasa itu.

Itu adalah teknik diagram Feynman.

It was the technique of Feynman diagrams.

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

He did it again in 1968.

Dia melakukannya lagi di tahun 1968.

In 1968, in my own university -- I wasn't there at the time --

Di tahun 1968, di universitas saya --

saya tidak ada di sana saat itu -- tahun 1968

they were exploring the structure of the proton.

mereka meneliti struktur proton.

The proton is obviously made of a whole bunch of little particles;

Proton sudah jelas tersusun

dari sekelompok partikel-partikel kecil.

this was more or less known.

Hal ini sedikit banyak diketahui.

And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams.

Dan cara menganalisisnya, tentu saja, diagram Feynman.

Untuk itulah diagram Feynman dibuat --

That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for --

to understand particles.

untuk memahami partikel.

The experiments that were going on were very simple:

Percobaan yang dilakukan sangat sederhana.

Anda mengambil proton ini

you simply take the proton,

and you hit it really sharply with an electron.

dan Anda menabraknya dengan elektron.

Ini adalah manfaat dari diagram Feynman.

This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for.

Masalahnya adalah

The only problem was that Feynman diagrams are complicated.

diagram Feynman sangat rumit.

Integrasi yang sulit.

They're difficult integrals.

If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory,

Jika Anda dapat menyelesaikannya, Anda akan memiliki teori yang akurat.

Namun Anda tidak bisa, diagram itu terlalu sulit.

but you couldn't -- they were just too complicated.

Orang-orang mencoba melakukannya.

People were trying to do them.

Anda dapat menyelesaikan satu lup diagram. Tidak usah dipikirkan.

You could do a one-loop diagram. Don't worry about one loop.

Satu lup, dua lup -- mungkin Anda dapat menyelesaikan diagram tiga lup,

One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three-loop diagram,

namun selebihnya Anda tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa.

but beyond that, you couldn't do anything.

Feynman berkata, "Lupakan semua itu.

Feynman said, "Forget all of that.

Just think of the proton

Pikirkan saja tentang proton

as an assemblage, a swarm, of little particles."

sebagai himpunan dari partikel-partikel kecil --

segerombolan partikel kecil."

He called them "partons."

Dia menyebut partikel itu parton.

He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons moving real fast."

Dia berkata, "Pikirkan proton sebagai segerombolan parton

yang bergerak sangat cepat."

Karna parton bergerak sangat cepat,

Because they're moving real fast,

relativity says the internal motions go very slow.

dapat dikatakan gerakan internalnya sangat lambat.

Tiba-tiba elektron menabraknya.

The electron hits it suddenly --

it's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton.

Hal itu seperti memotret proton secara tiba-tiba.

Apa yang Anda lihat?

What do you see?

Anda melihat sekelompok parton yang membeku.

You see a frozen bunch of partons.

They don't move,

Parton itu tidak bergerak, dan karena parton tidak bergerak

and because they don't move during the course of the experiment,

selama percobaan itu

you don't have to worry about how they're moving.

Anda tidak perlu memikirkan bagaimana gerakannya.

Anda tidak perlu memikirkan gaya di antara mereka.

You don't have to worry about the forces between them.

Anda hanya perlu memikirkannya

You just get to think of it as a population of frozen partons."

sebagai sekumpulan

parton diam.

This was the key to analyzing these experiments.

Ini adalah kunci untuk menganalisis percobaan ini.

Benar-benar efektif --

Extremely effective.

seseorang berkata bahwa revolusi adalah kata yang buruk.

Somebody said the word "revolution" is a bad word.

Saya rasa benar, jadi saya tidak akan mengatakan revolusi --

I suppose it is, so I won't say "revolution,"

but it certainly evolved very, very deeply our understanding of the proton,

namun hal itu berkembang, dengan sangat mendalam

tentang pemahaman kita tentang proton

and of particles beyond that.

dan partikel-partikel lainnya.

Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you

Ada kisah lain yang akan saya ceritakan kepada Anda

tentang hubungan saya dengan Feynman,

about my connection with Feynman,

what he was like,

seperti apa dia,

but I see I have exactly half a minute.

namun saya hanya memiliki setengah menit.

So I think I'll just finish up by saying:

Jadi saya rasa saya akan menutupnya

dengan mengatakan sebenarnya saya rasa Feynman tidak akan menyukai hal ini.

I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event.

Saya rasa dia akan berkata

I think he would have said, "I don't need this."

"Saya tidak memerlukannya."

But ...

Namun bagaimana kita harus menghormati Feynman?

(Laughter)

How should we honor Feynman?

How should we really honor Feynman?

Bagaimana kita benar-benar menghormati Feynman?

I think the answer is we should honor Feynman

Saya pikir jawabannya adalah kita harus menghormati Feynman

by getting as much baloney out of our own sandwiches

dengan mengambil sosis (omong kosong) sebanyak-banyaknya

dari sandwich kita sebanyak yang kita mampu.

as we can.

Terima kasih.

Thank you.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)