Leonard Susskind: My friend Richard Feynman

908,038 views ใƒป 2011-05-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Bianca Lee
์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
00:16
I decided when I was asked to do this
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๋ง ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜
00:18
that what I really wanted to talk about was my friend, Richard Feynman.
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
I was one of the fortunate few that really did get to know him
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰์šด์•„ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ์™€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋ƒˆ๊ณ ,
00:25
and enjoyed his presence.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
And I'm going to tell you about the Richard Feynman that I knew.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
00:30
I'm sure there are people here who could tell you
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„
๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:33
about the Richard Feynman they knew,
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00:34
and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Richard Feynman was a very complex man.
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00:39
He was a man of many, many parts.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:41
He was, of course, foremost, a very, very, very great scientist.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š”
๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜€์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์…จ์ฃ .
00:47
He was an actor. You saw him act.
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00:49
I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์šด๋„ ๋ˆ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
up in the balcony.
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2์ธต ๋ฐœ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ์„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:54
They were fantastic.
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์ •๋ง ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
He was a philosopher.
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00:58
He was a drum player.
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๋“œ๋Ÿผ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:00
He was a teacher par excellence.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Richard Feynman was also a showman,
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๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ์‡ผ๋งจ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‡ผ๋งจ์‰ฝ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:06
an enormous showman.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐฉ์ง€๊ณ , ๋ถˆ์นœ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
01:08
He was brash, irreverent.
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01:11
He was full of macho, a kind of macho one-upmanship.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚จ์ž๋‹ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์šฐ์›”์˜์‹ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:16
He loved intellectual battle.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‘๋‡Œ์‹ธ์›€์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
He had a gargantuan ego.
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์ž์กด์‹ฌ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:24
But the man had, somehow,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€
01:27
a lot of room at the bottom.
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์ž์กด์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
์ž์กด์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด์„ธ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ 
01:30
And what I mean by that is a lot of room, in my case --
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๋งํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”-- ์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” --
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ --
01:35
I can't speak for anybody else, but in my case --
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์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
01:38
a lot of room for another big ego.
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์ž์กด์‹ฌ์ด ์„ผ ํŽธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:41
Well, not as big as his,
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋งŒํผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:42
but fairly big.
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๊ฝค ์…‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋Š˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
I always felt good with Dick Feynman.
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01:48
It was always fun to be with him.
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๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋Š˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
01:50
He always made me feel smart.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋“ฏ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋”จ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
01:53
How can somebody like that make you feel smart?
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์™ ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Somehow he did.
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01:56
He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋“ฏ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
He made me feel we were both smart,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜๋‹ค ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:00
and the two of us could solve any problem whatever.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜์ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋„ ํ’€์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚ธ ์ ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
02:08
We never published a paper together,
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ฃ .
02:10
but we did have a lot of fun.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
He loved to win,
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02:15
win these little macho games we would sometimes play.
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดˆ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:18
And he didn't only play them with me, but with all sorts of people.
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์ € ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
He would almost always win.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ์ฃ .
02:23
But when he didn't win, when he lost,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋„,
02:26
he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ธด ๋“ฏ์ด
02:29
as if he had won.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
I remember once he told me a story
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
02:33
about a joke the students played on him.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณจํƒ•๋จน์ธ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
02:36
I think it was for his birthday --
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ -- ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ƒ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:38
they took him for lunch
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์™€ ์ ์‹ฌ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:40
to a sandwich place in Pasadena.
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ํŒจ์‚ฌ๋””๋‚˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ
๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
It may still exist; I don't know.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:46
Celebrity sandwiches was their thing.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…์ธ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒ”์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋งˆ๋ฆด๋ฆฐ๋จผ๋กœ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:51
You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich.
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ํ—˜ํ”„๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ํŠธ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:54
The students went there in advance,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š”
02:56
and arranged that they'd all order Feynman sandwiches.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ž…์„ ๋งž์ถฐ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
03:00
One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches.
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ์ด ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Feynman loved this story.
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03:04
He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ •๋ง ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›ƒ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:08
When he finished the story, I said to him,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
"Dick, I wonder what would be the difference
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"๋”•. ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜์™€
์„œ์Šคํ‚จ๋“œ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด"
03:14
between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich."
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03:17
And without skipping a beat at all,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ 
03:19
he said, "Well, they'd be about the same.
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"์Œ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋น„์Šทํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์„œ์Šคํ‚จ๋“œ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ–„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€."
03:23
The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham."
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ํ–„์€ ์‚ผ๋ฅ˜๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์š”.
03:26
"Ham" as in bad actor.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:28
(Laughter)
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03:29
Well, I happened to have been very quick that day,
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋งŒํผ์€ ์ €๋„ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ›์•„์ณ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
"๊ทธ๋ž˜. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ" (์ฃผ:๋ฐœ๋กœ๋‹ˆ baloney: ๋ณผ๋กœ๋ƒ ์†Œ์„ธ์ง€. ์†์–ด๋กœ 'ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป. ์‚ผ๋ฅ˜๋ฐฐ์šฐ์— ์‘์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋น„๊ผฌ๋Š” ๋ง)
03:33
and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney."
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03:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:38
(Applause)
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€,
03:39
The truth of the matter
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03:42
is that a Feynman sandwich had a load of ham,
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋Š”
ํ–„์ด ์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
but absolutely no baloney.
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๋ฐœ๋กœ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:50
What Feynman hated worse than anything else
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฑด
์ง€์  ๊ฐ€์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
03:53
was intellectual pretense --
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ํ—ˆ์œ„,
03:55
phoniness,
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03:56
false sophistication, jargon.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ๊ต์–‘, ์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
80๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์–ด๋Š๋‚ ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
04:00
I remember sometime during the mid-'80s,
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80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:04
Dick and I and Sidney Coleman would meet a couple of times
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๋”•๊ณผ ์ €, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ์ฝœ๋จผ,
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์…‹์ด ๋‘์–ด๋ฒˆ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
up in San Francisco -- at some very rich guy's house --
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€์ž์ง‘์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
04:11
up in San Francisco for dinner.
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๋งŒ์ฐฌ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ถ€์ž์ง‘์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚ ์—
04:14
And the last time the rich guy invited us,
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04:16
he also invited a couple of philosophers.
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๋‘์–ด๋ช…์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:18
These guys were philosophers of mind.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness.
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์˜์‹์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:24
And they were full of all kinds of jargon.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ–๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ --
04:27
I'm trying to remember the words --
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04:29
"monism," "dualism," categories all over the place.
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"์ผ์›๋ก ", "์ด์ค‘์„ฑ", ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”•๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ณ 
04:33
I didn't know what those meant, neither did Dick or Sydney, for that matter.
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์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:37
And what did we talk about?
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04:38
Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds?
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:41
There's one obvious thing to talk about:
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๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
04:43
Can a machine become a mind?
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:45
Can you build a machine
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
04:47
that thinks like a human being that is conscious?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:51
We sat around and talked about this -- we of course never resolved it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ๋ชป ์ฐพ์•˜์ฃ .
04:54
But the trouble with the philosophers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
04:56
is that they were philosophizing
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๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
04:58
when they should have been science-ophizing.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:01
It's a scientific question, after all.
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05:03
And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do
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๋”• ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
around Dick Feynman.
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05:07
(Laughter)
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05:10
Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes.
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ๋”ฐ๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์นจ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ ๋จน์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny.
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์ข€ ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ •๋ง ์œ ์พŒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:16
But it was really brutal.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ข€ ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:18
He really popped their balloon.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฅ๊ฒจ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ง์ณ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด์ฃ  --
05:21
But the amazing thing was -- Feynman had to leave a little early;
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:24
he wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early.
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
05:27
And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers.
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์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‘๋ช…์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
And the amazing thing is these guys were flying.
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋“ค๋–  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
They were so happy.
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
05:36
They had met the great man;
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05:38
they had been instructed by the great man;
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ,
05:40
they had an enormous amount of fun
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ง์‹ ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ
05:42
having their faces shoved in the mud ...
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๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:46
And it was something special.
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05:48
I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:52
even when he did what he did.
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05:58
Dick -- he was my friend; I did call him Dick --
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๋”•์€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋”•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์ฃ .
06:01
Dick and I had a little bit of a rapport.
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๋”•๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ์™€ ์ € ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:04
I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had.
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06:06
We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ทจํ–ฅ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
I also like the intellectual macho games.
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์ €๋„ ๋งˆ์ดˆ๊ฒŒ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๋‡Œ์‹ธ์›€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
06:13
Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
but we both enjoyed them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:17
And Dick became convinced at some point
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๋”•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„
06:19
that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
I don't think he was right.
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06:25
I think the only point of similarity between us
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€
์ž๊ธฐ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
is we both like to talk about ourselves.
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06:30
But he was convinced of this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And the man was incredibly curious.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๋งŒํผ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:36
And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:40
that there was this funny connection.
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06:43
And one day, we were walking.
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
We were in France, in Les Houches.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋ผ ์ฃผ์‰ฌ ์˜€์ฃ .
06:47
We were up in the mountains, 1976.
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1976๋…„ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฐ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋˜ ์ค‘์—, ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
And Feynman said to me, "Leonardo ..."
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"๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋ฅด๋„."
์ €๋ฅผ '๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋ฅด๋„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:55
The reason he called me "Leonardo" is because we were in Europe,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:58
and he was practicing his French.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:59
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋ฅด๋„.
07:02
And he said, "Leonardo,
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์ž๋„ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‚˜,
07:05
were you closer to your mother or your father when you were a kid?"
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ƒˆ๋‚˜?"
07:09
I said, "Well, my real hero was my father.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ธ€์Ž„, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜์›…์ด์—ˆ์ง€.
๊ทผ๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด์…จ๊ณ ,
07:13
He was a working man,
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์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‹ค๋„ค.
07:15
had a fifth-grade education.
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07:17
He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ˆ™๋ จ๊ณต์ด์–ด์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด.
07:20
He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ง€.
07:24
He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem.
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ํ”ผํƒ€๊ณ ๋ผ์Šค ์ •๋ฆฌ๋„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด.
07:26
He didn't call it the hypotenuse,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” '๋น—๋ณ€' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ
07:28
he called it the shortcut distance."
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'์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์…จ์ง€."
07:31
And Feynman's eyes just opened up.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œจ๊ณ 
07:33
He went off like a lightbulb.
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ํ™˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€
07:36
And he said that he had had
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07:38
basically exactly the same relationship with his father.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
07:42
In fact, he had been convinced at one time
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ
07:45
that to be a good physicist,
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๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
07:49
it was very important to have had that kind of relationship
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:52
with your father.
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07:53
I apologize for the sexist conversation here,
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์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋ผ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
07:56
but this is the way it really happened.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
He said he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary,
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, ์ž๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ ์˜ˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
08:02
a necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:06
Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this.
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๋”• ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋†“๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:10
He wanted to go out and do an experiment.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
(Laughter)
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08:13
Well, he did.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:14
He went out and did an experiment.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists,
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"์ž๋„ค๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„๋น  ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‚˜?"
08:19
"Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?"
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08:21
They were all men,
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ -- ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€์–ด์š” --
08:23
and to a man, every single one of them said,
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—„๋งˆ์ง€."
08:26
"My mother."
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08:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:30
There went that theory, down the trash can of history.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
08:34
(Laughter)
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08:35
But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
08:38
who had the same experience with his father
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ๋Š”
๋ชน์‹œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
as he had with his father.
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08:43
And for some time, he was convinced this was the reason we got along so well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‹ค ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:47
I don't know. Maybe. Who knows?
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์ „ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ . ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:49
But let me tell you a little bit about Feynman the physicist.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Feynman's style -- no, "style" is not the right word.
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์˜ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์€ --
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. '์Šคํƒ€์ผ'์€ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
08:59
"Style" makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn,
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'์Šคํƒ€์ผ' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋น„๋„ฅํƒ€์ด๋‚˜
์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์–‘๋ณต์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
09:02
or the suit he was wearing.
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๊ทธ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ..
09:04
It's something much deeper than that,
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09:05
but I can't think of another word for it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์งˆ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์€
09:08
Feynman's scientific style was always to look for the simplest,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
most elementary solution to a problem that was possible.
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09:17
If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€ ์—†์ด,
09:21
No doubt, part of this was his great joy and pleasure
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
09:26
in showing people that he could think more simply than they could.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
But he also deeply believed, he truly believed,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:33
that if you couldn't explain something simply,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
you didn't understand it.
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์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:38
In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ์œ ๋™์ฒด ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ด
09:41
how superfluid helium worked.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:44
There was a theory.
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09:45
It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์šด ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
It was a complicated theory;
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09:49
I'll tell you what it was soon enough.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž ๊น ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด.
09:51
It was a terribly complicated theory,
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์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
full of very difficult integrals and formulas
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ๋ถ„์‹๊ณผ ๊ณต์‹, ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋“ค๋กœ
09:56
and mathematics and so forth.
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๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:58
And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well.
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์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์–ด๋„, ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์›์ž๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ
10:02
The only way it worked
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10:03
is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart.
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๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:06
And unfortunately,
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ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์›์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•ก์ฒดํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ์›์ž๋“ค์€
10:09
the helium atoms in liquid helium are right on top of each other.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist,
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
that he would try to figure it out.
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10:18
He had an idea, a very clear idea.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ช…์พŒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:20
He would try to figure out
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:22
what the quantum wave function of this huge number of atoms looked like.
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๊ทธ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์›์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”
์–‘์žํŒŒ๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์›์น™๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
10:27
He would try to visualize it,
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10:28
guided by a small number of simple principles.
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๊ทธ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:31
The small number of simple principles were very, very simple.
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๊ทธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์›์น™๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
The first one was that when helium atoms touch each other,
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์ œ์ผ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ์›์ž๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
they repel.
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10:39
The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋™ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:43
it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€,
10:46
The other fact is that in the ground state --
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๊ธฐ์ €์ƒํƒœ, ์ฆ‰ ์–‘์ž์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ค€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:48
the lowest energy state of a quantum system --
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๋Š˜ ํŒŒ๋™ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
10:51
the wave function is always very smooth;
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10:54
it has the minimum number of wiggles.
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ํŒŒ๋™์ด ์ตœ์†Œ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:56
So he sat down --
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„์„œ --
10:58
and I imagine he had nothing more
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š”
11:00
than a simple piece of paper and a pencil --
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์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐํ•„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฃจ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
and he tried to write down, and did write down,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ข…์ด์— ์“ฐ๊ณ , ๋˜ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์‹์œผ๋กœ
11:05
the simplest function that he could think of,
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11:07
which had the boundary conditions
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์›์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งž๋‹ฟ์„ ๋•Œ ํŒŒ๋™ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฉธ๋˜๊ณ 
11:09
that the wave function vanish when things touch
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์™„๋งŒํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„
11:11
and is smooth in between.
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์„œ์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
He wrote down a simple thing -- so simple, in fact,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:17
that I suspect a really smart high-school student
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
๊ฝค ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
11:20
who didn't even have calculus
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11:21
could understand what he wrote down.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
The thing was, that simple thing that he wrote down
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„
11:27
explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์•ก์ฒด ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
and then some.
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11:32
I've always wondered whether the professionals --
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์ „ ๋Š˜ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค, ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
11:35
the real professional helium physicists --
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11:37
were just a little bit embarrassed by this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ–ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:40
They had their super-powerful technique,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Œ์—๋„
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
and they couldn't do as well.
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11:44
Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ทธ '์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ '์ด ๋ญ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ๋„ํ‘œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
It was the technique of Feynman diagrams.
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11:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:53
He did it again in 1968.
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1968๋…„์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
In 1968, in my own university -- I wasn't there at the time --
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1968๋…„์— ์ €ํฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
1968๋…„์— ์ „ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žฌ์ง์ค‘์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:01
they were exploring the structure of the proton.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–‘์„ฑ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
The proton is obviously made of a whole bunch of little particles;
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์–‘์„ฑ์ž๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž๋“ค์ด
๋ญ‰์ณ์ ธ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
this was more or less known.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:10
And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ๋„ํ‘œ์˜€์ฃ .
๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for --
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12:16
to understand particles.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
The experiments that were going on were very simple:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ
12:21
you simply take the proton,
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12:22
and you hit it really sharply with an electron.
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์ „์ž๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ๋„ํ‘œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
12:28
The only problem was that Feynman diagrams are complicated.
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ ๋„ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ๋ถ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
They're difficult integrals.
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12:33
If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ํ’€ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:37
but you couldn't -- they were just too complicated.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
People were trying to do them.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜๋„ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜๋ฃจํ”„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ฃ .
12:42
You could do a one-loop diagram. Don't worry about one loop.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ -- ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜๋„ํ‘œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
12:45
One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three-loop diagram,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์€ ์–ด์ฉ” ๋„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
12:48
but beyond that, you couldn't do anything.
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
12:50
Feynman said, "Forget all of that.
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12:51
Just think of the proton
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์–‘์„ฑ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜
12:53
as an assemblage, a swarm, of little particles."
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์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  --
์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์•ผ"
12:57
He called them "partons."
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ "ํŒŒํ†ค(partons)"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons moving real fast."
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ํŒŒํ†ค์˜
์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ผ"
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:05
Because they're moving real fast,
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13:08
relativity says the internal motions go very slow.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์šด๋™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:13
The electron hits it suddenly --
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13:14
it's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์„ฑ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
13:19
What do you see?
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์ •์ง€ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒํ†ค ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
13:20
You see a frozen bunch of partons.
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13:24
They don't move,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
13:25
and because they don't move during the course of the experiment,
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์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
13:28
you don't have to worry about how they're moving.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
You don't have to worry about the forces between them.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ •์ง€ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š”
13:33
You just get to think of it as a population of frozen partons."
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ํŒŒํ†ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
This was the key to analyzing these experiments.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ฃ . ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š” --
13:43
Extremely effective.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
13:46
Somebody said the word "revolution" is a bad word.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'ํ˜๋ช…'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
I suppose it is, so I won't say "revolution,"
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13:50
but it certainly evolved very, very deeply our understanding of the proton,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์–‘์„ฑ์ž์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
์ž…์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„
13:56
and of particles beyond that.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์ € ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:01
about my connection with Feynman,
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14:02
what he was like,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
14:04
but I see I have exactly half a minute.
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๋‚จ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 30์ดˆ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
14:06
So I think I'll just finish up by saying:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ณ์•ผ ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:13
I think he would have said, "I don't need this."
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"๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ ํ•„์š”์—†์–ด"
14:18
But ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
14:19
(Laughter)
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14:20
How should we honor Feynman?
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14:21
How should we really honor Feynman?
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ํŒŒ์ธ๋งŒ์„ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
14:23
I think the answer is we should honor Feynman
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
by getting as much baloney out of our own sandwiches
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
as we can.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
Thank you.
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14:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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