How false news can spread - Noah Tavlin

Kako lažne vesti mogu da se prošire - Noa Tavlin (Noah Tavlin)

2,255,086 views ・ 2015-08-27

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Milenka Okuka
00:06
There's a quote usually attributed to the writer Mark Twain that goes,
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Postoji citat koji se obično pripisuje piscu Marku Tvenu:
00:10
"A lie can travel halfway around the world
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"Laž može da prođe pola sveta
00:14
while the truth is putting on its shoes."
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dok istina obuva cipele."
00:17
Funny thing about that.
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Zanimljivo je to što
00:18
There's reason to doubt that Mark Twain ever said this at all,
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postoje razlozi za sumnju da je ovo ikada rekao Mark Tven,
00:22
thus, ironically, proving the point.
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što pukom ironijom dokazuje poentu.
00:26
And today, the quote, whoever said it, is truer than ever before.
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Ko god da je izgovorio ovu rečenicu, danas je istinitija nego ikada.
00:31
In previous decades, most media with global reach
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Prethodnih decenija, većina medija sa globalnim uticajem
00:35
consisted of several major newspapers and networks
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sastojala se od nekoliko velikih novinskih kuća i mreža
00:38
which had the resources to gather information directly.
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koje su imale resurse da direktno skupljaju informacije.
00:43
Outlets like Reuters and the Associated Press
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Kuće poput Rojtersa i Asošijeted Presa,
00:45
that aggregate or rereport stories were relatively rare compared to today.
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koje skupljaju ili prenose priče, bile su relativno retke u odnosu na danas.
00:51
The speed with which information spreads now
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Brzina kojom se informacije sada šire
00:54
has created the ideal conditions for a phenomenon known as circular reporting.
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stvorila je idealne uslove za pojavu koja se naziva kružnim izveštavanjem.
01:00
This is when publication A publishes misinformation,
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To se dešava kada izvor A objavi netačnu informaciju,
01:04
publication B reprints it,
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izvor B je ponovo odštampa
01:06
and publication A then cites B as the source for the information.
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i izvor A onda citira izvor B kao prvobitni izvor informacije.
01:12
It's also considered a form of circular reporting
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Takođe se smatra kružnim izveštavanjem
01:15
when multiple publications
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kada više izvora
01:17
report on the same initial piece of false information,
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izveštava o istoj prvobitnoj lažnoj informaciji,
01:21
which then appears to another author as having been verified by multiple sources.
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koja se onda drugom autoru čini kao da je potvrđena iz više izvora.
01:27
For instance, the 1998 publication of a single pseudoscientific paper
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Na primer, objavljivanje jednog pseudonaučničkog rada iz 1998.
01:32
arguing that routine vaccination of children causes autism
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gde se tvrdi da rutinsko vakcinisanje dece izaziva autizam,
01:36
inspired an entire antivaccination movement,
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izvazvalo je čitav pokret protiv vakcinacije,
01:40
despite the fact that the original paper has repeatedly been discredited
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uprkos činjenici da je prvobitni rad više puta opovrgavan
01:44
by the scientific community.
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pred naučnom zajednicom.
01:47
Deliberately unvaccinated children are now contracting contagious diseases
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Deca koja namerno nisu vakcinisana sada imaju zarazne bolesti
01:52
that had been virtually eradicated in the United States,
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koje su bile praktično iskorenjene u SAD,
01:56
with some infections proving fatal.
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a neke od zaraza su i smrtne.
01:58
In a slightly less dire example,
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U nešto manje drastičnom primeru,
02:00
satirical articles that are formatted to resemble real ones
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satirični članci koji su pisani tako da podsećaju na prave
02:04
can also be picked up by outlets not in on the joke.
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takođe mogu biti preuzeti od strane onih koji nisu upoznati sa šalom.
02:09
For example, a joke article in the reputable British Medical Journal entitled
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Na primer, komični članak u uglednom Britanskom medicinskom zborniku
02:14
"Energy Expenditure in Adolescents Playing New Generation Computer Games,"
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naslovljen "Potrošnja energije u adolescentima
koji igraju kompjuterske igre nove generacije"
02:19
has been referenced in serious science publications over 400 times.
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navodi se u ozbiljnim naučnim radovima preko 400 puta.
02:25
User-generated content, such as wikis,
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Sadržaj koji stvaraju korisnici, poput vikipedija,
02:27
are also a common contributer to circular reporting.
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takođe često doprinosi kružnom izveštavanju.
02:31
As more writers come to rely on such pages for quick information,
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Kako se sve više autora oslanja na takve izvore zbog brzih informacija,
02:35
an unverified fact in a wiki page can make its way into a published article
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neproverena činjenica na viki stranici može dospeti do objavljenog članka
02:41
that may later be added as a citation for the very same wiki information,
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koji se kasnije može citirati za istu tu informaciju na viki stranici,
02:46
making it much harder to debunk.
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čime se ona mnogo teže opovrgava.
02:49
Recent advances in communication technology
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Skorašnja postignuća u tehnologiji komunikacije
02:51
have had immeasurable benefits
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donela su nemerljive prednosti
02:53
in breaking down the barriers between information and people.
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u rušenju zidova između informacija i ljudi.
02:57
But our desire for quick answers
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Ali naša žudnja za hitrim odgovorima
02:59
may overpower the desire to be certain of their validity.
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može nadvladati žudnju da budemo sigurni u njihovu istinost.
03:03
And when this bias can be multiplied by billions of people around the world,
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A kad ova pristrastnost može da se prenese na milijarde ljudi širom sveta,
03:07
nearly instantaneously, more caution is in order.
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skoro u istom trenutku, potrebno je više opreznosti.
03:11
Avoiding sensationalist media,
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Izbegavanje senzacionalističkih medija,
03:13
searching for criticisms of suspicious information,
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traganje za kritikama sumnjivih informacija,
03:16
and tracing the original source of a report can help slow down a lie,
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i praćenje prvobitnog izvora izveštaja može da pomogne da se laž uspori
03:22
giving the truth more time to put on its shoes.
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i da se istini da više vremena da se obuje.
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