How menstruation works - Emma Bryce

Kako funkcioniše menstruacija - Ema Brajs

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Mile Živković

This might seem hard to believe, but right now,

U ovo je možda teško poverovati, ali u ovom trenutku,

300 million women across the planet are experiencing the same thing:

300 miliona žena na planeti proživljava istu pojavu:

a period.

menstruaciju.

The monthly menstrual cycle that leads to the period

Mesečni ciklus koji do nje vodi

is a reality most women on Earth will go through in their lives.

je za većinu žena na planeti realnost koju će proći tokom života.

But why is this cycle so universal?

Ali zašto je ovaj ciklus tako univerzalan?

And what makes it a cycle in the first place?

I zašto je to uopšte ciklus?

Periods last anywhere between two and seven days,

Menstruacije traju od dva do sedam dana,

arising once within in a 28-day rotation.

a javljaju se jednom na 28 dana.

That whole system occurs on repeat,

Ceo taj sistem se ponavlja,

happening approximately 450 times during a woman's life.

i desi se otprilike 450 puta tokom ženinog života.

Behind the scenes are a series of hormonal controls

Iza scene je niz hormonskih upravljača

that fine tune the body's internal workings

koji podešavaju unutrašnji rad tela

to make menstruation start or stop during those 28 days.

kako bi menstruacija počela i završila se tokom tih 28 dana.

This inner machinery includes two ovaries

Ova unutrašnja mašinerija uključuje dva jajnika

stocked with thousands of tiny sacks called follicles

koji su napunjeni hiljadama sitnih vrećica zvanih folikule,

that each contain one oocyte, an unfertilized egg cell.

od kojih svaka sadrži jedan oocit, neoplođenu jajnu ćeliju.

At puberty, ovaries hold over 400 thousand egg cells,

U pubertetu, jajnici sadrže preko 400 hiljada jajnih ćelija,

but release only one each month,

ali ispuštaju samo jednu mesečno,

which results in pregnancy or a period.

što rezultira trudnoćom ili menstruacijom.

Here's how this cycle unfolds.

Evo kako se taj ciklus odvija.

Each month beginning around puberty,

Početkom puberteta, svakog meseca,

the hormone-producing pituitary gland in the brain

hipofiza u mozgu, koja proizvodi hormone,

starts releasing two substances into the blood:

počinje u krv da luči dve supstance:

follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

folikulostimulirajući hormon i luteinizirajući hormon.

When they reach the ovaries,

Kada stignu do jajnika,

they encourage the internal egg cells to grow and mature.

oni podstiču unutrašnje jajne ćelije da rastu i sazrevaju.

The follicles respond by pumping out estrogen.

Folikuli odgovaraju lučenjem estrogena.

The egg cells grow and estrogen levels peak,

Jajne ćelije rastu i nivoi estrogena su na vrhuncu,

inhibiting the production of FSH,

blokirajući proizvodnju FSH,

and telling the pituitary to pump out more LH.

i šaljući poruku hipofizi da luči više LH.

That causes only the most mature egg cell from one of the ovaries

To podstiče najzreliju jajnu ćeliju iz jednog od jajnika

to burst out of the follicle and through the ovary wall.

da izađe iz folikula kroz zid jajnika.

This is called ovulation,

Ovo se naziva ovulacijom,

and it usually happens ten to sixteen days before the start of a period.

i obično se dešava 10 do 16 dana pre početka menstruacije.

The tiny oocyte moves along the fallopian tube.

Sitni oocit se kreće kroz jajovod.

A pregnancy can only occur if the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell

Trudnoća može da nastane jedino ako se jajna ćelija oplodi semenom ćelijom

within the next 24 hours.

u naredna 24 časa.

Otherwise, the egg's escapade ends,

U suprotnom, avantura jajne ćeilje se završava,

and the window for pregnancy closes for that month.

a šansa za trudnoću se tog meseca zatvara.

Meanwhile, the now empty follicle begins to release progesterone,

U međuvremenu, folikul koji je sada prazan počinje da luči progesteron,

another hormone that tells the womb's lining

još jedan hormon koji zidu materice

to plump up with blood and nutrients

govori da se obogati krvlju i hranljivim materijama

in preparation for a fertilized egg that may embed there and grow.

i pripremi se za oplođenu jajnu čeliju koja će se možda tu nastaniti i rasti.

If it doesn't embed,

Ako se ne nastani,

a few days later, the body's progesterone and estrogen levels plummet,

nekoliko dana kasnije, nivoi progesterona i estrogena u telu opadaju,

meaning the womb stops padding out and starts to degenerate,

što znači da materica zaustavlja pripremu i počinje da se raspada,

eventually falling away.

na kraju i potpuno.

Blood and tissue leave the body, forming the period.

Krv i tkivo napuštaju telo, formirajući menstruaciju.

The womb can take up to a week to clear out its unused contents,

Materici je potrebno do nedelju dana da se očisti od neiskorišćenog sadržaja,

after which, the cycle begins anew.

posle čega ciklus počinje ispočetka.

Soon afterwards, the ovaries begin to secrete estrogen again,

Uskoro, jajnici počinju ponovo da luče estrogen,

and the womb lining thickens,

i zid materice se udebljava

getting ready to accommodate a fertilized egg

pripremajući se da primi oplođenu jajnu čeliju

or be shed.

ili da bude odbačen.

Hormones continually control these activities

Hormoni neprestano kontrolišu ove aktivnosti

by circulating in ideal amounts delivered at just the right time.

prenoseći idealne količine i dopremajući ih u određeno vreme.

The cycle keeps on turning,

Ciklus se ponavlja,

transforming each day and each week into a milestone along its course

pretvarajući svaki dan i svaku nedelju u korak na putu

towards pregnancy or a period.

do trudnoće ili menstruacije.

Although this cycle appears to move by clockwork,

Iako se čini da se ciklus ponavlja u određeno vreme,

there's room for variation.

ima prostora za varijacije.

Women and their bodies are unique, after all.

Ipak se žene i njihova tela razlikuju.

Menstrual cycles occur at diffferent times in the month,

Menstrualni ciklusi javljaju se u različito vreme meseca,

ovulation comes at various points in the cycle,

ovulacija se javlja u različito vreme ciklusa,

and some periods last longer than others.

a neke menstruacije traju duže od drugih.

Menstruation even begins and ends at different times in life

Menstruacija čak počinje i završava se, za različite žene,

for different women, too.

u različito vreme u životu.

In other words, variations between periods are normal.

Drugim rečima, varijacije između menstruacija su normalne.

Appreciating these differences and learning about this monthly process

Razumevanje ovih razlika i učenje o ovom mesečnom procesu

can empower women,

može da osnaži žene,

giving them the tools to understand and take charge of their own bodies.

da im da alate za razumevanje i preuzimanje kontrole nad svojim telima.

That way, they're able to factor this small cycle

Na taj način mogu da ovaj mali ciklus

into a much larger cycle of life.

uvrste u mnogo veći ciklus života.