How menstruation works - Emma Bryce

Translator: Madina Juarez Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

This might seem hard to believe, but right now,

Bunga ishonish qiyindir, ammo aynan hozir

300 million women across the planet are experiencing the same thing:

sayyoramiz bo'ylab 300 million ayollarda bir xil narsa boshdan o'tayapti:

a period.

hayz.

The monthly menstrual cycle that leads to the period

Har oygi mestrual sikli hayz bilan yakunlanishi

is a reality most women on Earth will go through in their lives.

dunyodagi barcha ayollarning hayotidagi muntazam hodisadir.

But why is this cycle so universal?

Lekin nima sababdan bu sikl barchaga taaluqlidir?

And what makes it a cycle in the first place?

Avvalombor, nima sababdan u sikl bu tarzida kechadi?

Periods last anywhere between two and seven days,

Hayzlar ikki kundan yetti kungacha davom etib,

arising once within in a 28-day rotation.

har 28 kunda namoyon bo'ladi.

That whole system occurs on repeat,

Bu tuzum muntazam ravishda qaytalanib,

happening approximately 450 times during a woman's life.

ayol hayoti davomida taxminan 450 marta takrorlanadi.

Behind the scenes are a series of hormonal controls

Sahna ortida esa organizmning ichki faoliyatlarini

that fine tune the body's internal workings

yuritadigan bir necha gormonal tizimlar mavjud bo'lib,

to make menstruation start or stop during those 28 days.

ular 28 kun davomida hayzning boshlanishi va to'xtashini boshqaradilar.

This inner machinery includes two ovaries

Bu ichki apparat ikki tuxumdondan iborat bo'lib,

stocked with thousands of tiny sacks called follicles

follikular deb atalgan minglab haltachalar bilan to'ldirilgan,

that each contain one oocyte, an unfertilized egg cell.

va ularning har birida bitta oosit, urug'lanmagan tuxum, joylashgan.

At puberty, ovaries hold over 400 thousand egg cells,

Balog'atlikda tuxumdonlarda 400 mingdan ortiq tuxum hujayralari bo'ladi,

but release only one each month,

ammo har oy faqat bittasi chiqariladi,

which results in pregnancy or a period.

va natijada homiladorlik yoki hayz sodir bo'ladi.

Here's how this cycle unfolds.

Demak, sikl shunday yo'l bilan namoyon bo'ladi.

Each month beginning around puberty,

Balog'atlikdan boshlanib har oy

the hormone-producing pituitary gland in the brain

gormon ishlab chiqaruvchi bosh miyadagi gipofiz bezi

starts releasing two substances into the blood:

qonga ikki moddalarni ishlab chiqarishni boshlaydi:

follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

follitropin hamda lutropin gormonlarini.

When they reach the ovaries,

Ular tuxumdondanlarga yetgach

they encourage the internal egg cells to grow and mature.

ichki tuxum hujayralarini o'sishi va yetilishiga chorlaydi.

The follicles respond by pumping out estrogen.

Follikular esa javoban estrogen ishlab chiqarishni boshlaydi.

The egg cells grow and estrogen levels peak,

Tuxum hujayralari o'sadi, va estrogen miqdori yuqoriga ko'tarilib

inhibiting the production of FSH,

follitropinni ishlab chiqarilishini to'xtatadi,

and telling the pituitary to pump out more LH.

va gipofiz ko'proq lutropin ishlab chiqarishiga undaydi.

That causes only the most mature egg cell from one of the ovaries

Bu holat oqibatidan tuxumdonlar biridan eng yetuk bo'lgan tuxum hujayrasi

to burst out of the follicle and through the ovary wall.

follikuldan otilib chiqib tuxumdon devori orqali o'tib tashqariga chiqadi.

This is called ovulation,

Bu ovulyatsiya deb ataladi

and it usually happens ten to sixteen days before the start of a period.

va bu ko'pinca hayz boshlanishidan 10-16 kun oldin sodir bo'ladi.

The tiny oocyte moves along the fallopian tube.

Jajji oosit fallopiy trubkasi bo'ylab harakat qiladi.

A pregnancy can only occur if the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell

Homiladorlik faqatgina tuxum hujayrasi sperma hujayrasi bilan keyingi

within the next 24 hours.

24 soat davomida urug'lansagina sodir bo'ladi.

Otherwise, the egg's escapade ends,

Aks holda, tuxum sarguzashti nihoyasiga yetib,

and the window for pregnancy closes for that month.

bu oyda homilador bo'lish oynasi yopiladi.

Meanwhile, the now empty follicle begins to release progesterone,

Bu orada esa, endi bo'sh bo'lgan follikul progesteron ishlab chiqarishni boshlaydi,

another hormone that tells the womb's lining

bu gormon bachadon ichki qatlami

to plump up with blood and nutrients

qon va oziqlar bilan to'ldirilishiga signal beradi,

in preparation for a fertilized egg that may embed there and grow.

urug'langan tuxum u yerga yetgach o'rnashib o'sishiga tayyorgarlik maqsadida.

If it doesn't embed,

Agar tuxum o'rnashmasa

a few days later, the body's progesterone and estrogen levels plummet,

bir necha kun o'tgach, organizmdagi progesteron va estrogen miqdori pasayadi,

meaning the womb stops padding out and starts to degenerate,

ya'ni, bachadon qatlami to'lishishi to'htab degeneratsiyadan o'tgach,

eventually falling away.

tushishi bilan yakunlanadi.

Blood and tissue leave the body, forming the period.

Qon va to'qima badandan chiqib hayz yaratadi.

The womb can take up to a week to clear out its unused contents,

Bachadon foydalanilmagan moddadan to'liq tozalanishiga bir haftagacha vaqt ketadi,

after which, the cycle begins anew.

undan so'ng yangi sikl qaytadan boshlanadi.

Soon afterwards, the ovaries begin to secrete estrogen again,

Tez orada, tuxumdonlar qaytadan estrogen ajratishni boshlaydi,

and the womb lining thickens,

va bachadon qatlami

getting ready to accommodate a fertilized egg

urug'langan tuxumga tayorlanish maqsadida qalinlashadi,

or be shed.

aks holda qatlam yemirilb tushadi.

Hormones continually control these activities

Gormonlar ushbu faoliyatlarni boshqaradilar,

by circulating in ideal amounts delivered at just the right time.

bu jarayon ideal midqorda aylanib, aniq vaqtda yetkazilish bilan bajariladi.

The cycle keeps on turning,

Bu sikl qaytariladi,

transforming each day and each week into a milestone along its course

har bir kun va har bir hafta homiladorlik yoki hayz oldidan

towards pregnancy or a period.

bosqichdek namoyon bo'ladi.

Although this cycle appears to move by clockwork,

Bu sikl muntazam soat kabi ishlaganga o'xshada,

there's room for variation.

ba'zan o'zgarishlar bo'lishi mumkin.

Women and their bodies are unique, after all.

Axir, ayol kishi va uning organizmi noyobdir.

Menstrual cycles occur at diffferent times in the month,

Hayz oyning turli vaqtida sodir bo'ladi,

ovulation comes at various points in the cycle,

ovulyatsiya siklning turli paytida bo'lib o'tadi,

and some periods last longer than others.

hamda ba'zi sikllar boshqalarga nisbatan ko'proq vaqt davom etadi.

Menstruation even begins and ends at different times in life

Hayz ayol hayotining qay paytida bo'shlanib tugashi ham

for different women, too.

har bir ayol uchun har hil.

In other words, variations between periods are normal.

Boshqa so'z bilan aytganda, hayzdagi tafovutlar tabiiy hodisa.

Appreciating these differences and learning about this monthly process

Bu har oylik jarayon va undagi o'zgarishlar haqida bilimga ega bo'lish

can empower women,

ayol uchun kuch-qudrat manbaidir,

giving them the tools to understand and take charge of their own bodies.

o'z tana faoliyatini tushunib ma'suliyatli ish ko'rishiga dastgohdir.

That way, they're able to factor this small cycle

Bu yo'l bilan ular bu kichik siklni

into a much larger cycle of life.

katta hayot sikliga omil qilib qo'shishlari mumkin.